Unit 5 A delicate world二-2025-2026学年高中英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲选择性必修第二册（外研版）

高中外研版选择性必修第二册 【Unit 5】 A delicate world二 Unit 5 Unit5】A delicate world二 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 本单元核心词汇 一、全部单元单词 explode/ik'splaud/v.突然增加 pest /pest/.n.有害小动物；害虫herbal/'h3bl/adj.用香（药）草 collapse /ka'leps/v.倒塌；塌下ecology/i'kol3d3in.生态 制成的 substantial/sab'staen[/1adj.大量dissolve/d'zolv/v.(使)溶解nysterious /mI'stiarias/adj.神秘 的，多的 nutrient /'nju:triont/n.营养物，的 incident/'nsidant//n.事件 营养 status/'stertas/n.地位：身份 intervention/,mta'venfn/n.干comparison /kam'paerisn/n.比criterion /krar'trarian/n.标准，准 预，介入 较 则 owe/AU/V.应该做；对…负有visual'vI3u3l/adj.视的，视觉的prosper/'prDsp3()r/V.兴旺，发 …的义务 session/'sen/n.一段时间 达 postscript/'paustskript/n.附言 on behalf of代表 词义辨析及同义替换 1. explode /ik'splaud/v.突然增加 词义辨析： explode:侧重指数量、规模等“突然激增、急剧扩大”，也可指“爆炸”，动词。 increase: 普通用词，指数量、程度等“逐渐增加”，可用于各种语境。 同义替换： increase rapidly,surge 例句： The population of this city has exploded in the past ten years. 2.substantial/sab'staen[1/adj.大量的，多的 词义辨析： substantial:强调“数量多、程度大”，多用于书面语，可修饰抽象名词（如变化、进步）或具体 事物。 large:最常用词，仅指“尺寸或数量大”，口语和书面语通用。 高中外研版选择性必修第二册 【Unit 5】 A delicate world二 同义替换： considerable,significant 例句： We have made substantial progress in solving the environmental problem. 3.incident/'nsidant//n.事件 词义辨析： incident:指“小事件、插曲”，也可指“冲突事件”，规模通常较小。 event:侧重“重要事件、大事”，如比赛、会议、历史事件等。 同义替换： event,occurrence 例句： There was a strange incident in the park yesterday. 4.0we/V.应该做：对…负有…的义务 词义辨析： owe:强调“对某人负有义务、欠（情/债）”，常用搭配owe sb.sth.或owe sth.tosb.。 should:情态动词，表“应该”，侧重责任或建议，后接动词原形。 同义替换： be obliged to,should 例句： We owe our parents a lot for their support. 5.ecology/i'kDlad3i/n.生态 词义辨析： ecology:指“生态学”或“生态环境”，是学科名词或抽象概念。 environment::泛指“自然环境、周围环境”，包括生物和非生物因素。 同义替换： ecosystem,environmental science 例句： Protecting ecology is important for sustainable development 6.utrient/'nju:triant/n.营养物，营养 词义辨析： nutrient:指“营养物质”，是构成食物的具体成分，如蛋白质、维生素等。 nutrition:指“营养（作用）”，是抽象概念，强调食物对身体的滋养。 同义替换： nutriment,nourishment 2 高中外研版选择性必修第二册 【Unit 5】 A delicate world二 例句： Fruits and vegetables are rich in nutrients 7.comparison/km'paerIsn/n.比较 词义辨析： comparison:指“比较、对照”的行为或结果，常用搭配in comparison with（与…相比)。 contrast:侧重“对比、反差”，强调不同之处。 同义替换： contrast,analogy 例句： The comparison between the two methods shows which is better. 8.visual/'vI3ul/ad.视的，视觉的 词义辨析： visual:强调“视觉的、看得见的”，与视觉相关的，如视觉艺术、视觉效果。 visible:指“可见的、能被看见的”，侧重能否被肉眼察觉。 同义替换： optical,visible 例句： This book has many visual aids to help understanding. 9.criterion/rar'trarian/n.标准，准则 词义辨析： criterion:指“判断或评价的标准”，为单数形式，复数是criteria。 standard:普通用词，指“公认的标准、规格”，可用于各种领域。 同义替换： standard,guideline 例句： The main criterion for this job is work experience 10.prosper/prDsp3()/V.兴旺，发达 词义辨析： prosper:指“（事业、经济等）繁荣、兴旺”，强调持续发展和成功。 succeed:侧重“成功、达成目标”，可指个人或事业取得成就。 同义替换： thrive,flourish 例句： With hard work,his business began to prosper. 高中外研版选择性必修第二册 【Unit 5】 A delicate world 综合演练 综合练习 一、 单项选择 1.The number of online shoppers in China has_in recent years due to the development of e- commerce. A.exploded B.increased C.owed 2.Our team has made _progress in solving the technical problem after months of hard work. A.large B.substantial C.visual 3.The traffic on the highway yesterday caused a long delay for commuters. A.event B.incident C.ecology 4.We our teachers gratitude for their patient guidance during our school years. A.should B.owe C.are obliged 5.Protecting the of the rainforest is crucial for maintaining biodiversity. A.environment B.ecology C.ecosystem 6.This new fertilizer contains essential that help plants grow stronger. A.nutrition B.nutrients C.nourishment 7.In with traditional methods,this new technology is more efficient and cost-saving. A.comparison B.contrast C.analogy 8.The museum uses displays such as videos and interactive models to attract visitors. A.visible 4 高中外研版选择性必修第二册 【Unit 5】 A delicate world B.optical C.visual 9.The main for evaluating a student's performance should include both academic results and personal growth. A.standard B.criterion C.guideline 10.With proper management and investment,small businesses can even in a competitive market. A.succeed B.thrive C.flourish 二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.The government has taken measures to protect the()balance of the river basin. 2.Eating a balanced diet ensures you get all the necessary (for good health. 3.The (between the two products shows that the new one has better quality. 4.Artists often use (视觉的)elements like color and shape to express emotions, 5.When applying for the job,you need to meet the basic (标准)of having a bachelor's degree. 6.We (respect the elderly and help them when they are in need. 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The population of the city has increased (rapid)in the past decade.(explode) 2.She made a (consider)effort to improve her English speaking skills.(substantial) 3.The (occur)of the accident was caused by careless driving.(incident) 4.We are (oblige)to follow the rules set by the school.(owe) (science)studies have shown that regular exercise benefits both physical and mental health (ecology）) 6.The soil in this area is rich in (nourish)that support plant growth.(nutrient) 四、完成句子（每空一词） 高中外研版选择性必修第二册 【Unit 5】 A delicate world二 1.与去年相比，今年的降雨量有了显著增加。 last year,the rainfall this year has increased significantly. 2.孩子们应该感谢父母为他们所做的一切。 Children their parents for everything they have done. 3.这种新型材料含有多种对环境友好的物质。 This new material contains various substances that are friendly to the 4.视觉艺术展览吸引了来自全国各地的参观者。 The art exhibition attracted visitors from all over the country. 五、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 Healthy eating habits are important for maintaining good health.First,we should eat foods rich in (1) (nutrients/nutrition),such as fruits,vegetables,and whole grains.These foods provide the necessary (2)(substances/elements)for our bodies to function well.Second,we need to pay attention to the(3)(ecology/environment)impact of our food choices.Choosing locally grown produce can reduce carbon emissions from transportation. When comparing different diets,the(4)(criterion/standard)should include both nutritional value and sustainability.For example,a diet high in processed foodsmay taste good but lacks essential (5) (nutriment/nutrients).On the other hand,a balanced diet with fresh ingredients supports both personal health and the(6)(ecosystem/environment). In conclusion,making wise food choices not only benefits our own health but also helps protect the (7) (ecology/environment)for future generations. 参考答案 I.单项选择 1.A2B3B4.B5.B6.B7.A8.C9B10.B Ⅱ.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.ecology 2.nutrients 3.comparison 4.visual 5.criterion 6.owe ⅡI用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.rapidly 2.considerable 3.incident 4.obliged 5.Ecological 6.nutrients V.完成句子 1.In comparison with 2.owe thanks to 3.ecology 4.visual 6 高中外研版选择性必修第二册 【Unit 5】 A delicate world二 V.语篇填空 1.nutrients 2.substances 3.environmental 4.criterion 5.nutrients 6.ecosystem 7.ecol- ogy 7