Unit 6 Survival三-2025-2026学年高中英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲选择性必修第二册（外研版）

高中选择性必修第二册外研 【高中专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 高中专版 【Unit6】Survival 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 本单元核心词汇 一、 全部单元单词 Mars /ma:z/n.火星 驾驶（操纵）的 同时 advanced /ad'va:nst/adj..高级 spacecraft/'sperskra:f/n.航天infer/m'f3:r/v.推断，推定 的：先进的 器，宇宙飞船 expose/k'spauz/v.使暴露（于 wipe /warp/v.擦，拭，揩 orbit/'obt/V.环绕…运行 险境) wipe out彻底摧毁，消灭 stunning/'stn/adj.极具吸引astronaut/'estran:t/n.宇航员， nuclear/'nju:klia(r/adj.核武器 力的：令人惊奇的 太空人 的 agency/'eId3 ensi/n.机构；（尤dust/dst/n.沙土，尘土 terrifying/'terifar四/adj.极其可 指政府内的)局，部，处 capsule/'kapsju:l/n.(航天器 怕的，骇人听闻的 consist /kan'sIst/V.组成 的)密封舱，太空舱 hostile/'hpsta/adj.（生长环境)consist of由…构成，由…组exposure/k'sp3U3a(t)/n.暴露 恶劣的 坐 trunk/kn.树干 unmanned/,n'mend/adj.无人in the meantime在此期间，与此 词义辨析及同义替换 l.advanced /ad'va:nst//adj.高级的：先进的 词义辨析： advanced:.侧重形容技术、发展阶段等“先进的、高级的”，强调超越现有水平。 developed:指“已发展的、成熟的”，侧重发展的完成状态，常形容国家或地区。 同义替换： sophisticated,cutting-edge 例句： This country has advanced technology in space exploration. 真题链接：（外研版高中选择性必修第二册同步练习） Themedical equipment helps doctors diagnose diseases more accurately. A.advanced B.ordinary C.traditional(答案：A) 高中选择性必修第二册外研 【高中专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 2.hostile/'hpstarl/adj.(生长环境)恶劣的 词义辨析： hostile:强调环境“不利于生存的、充满敌意的”，常搭配environment/conditions。 severe:侧重“严重的、严峻的”，可形容天气、困难等，程度较强。 同义替换： harsh,adverse 例句： Few plants can survive in the hostile desert environment. 真题链接：（外研版高中选择性必修第二册单元检测） The team facedweather conditions during the mountain climb A.friendly B.hostile C.mild(答案：B) 3.stunning/'stn/adj.极具吸引力的：令人惊奇的 词义辨析： stunning:指“令人震惊的、极美的”，强调视觉或情感上的强烈冲击。 amazing:侧重“令人惊叹的、不可思议的”，可形容事物的非凡或意外。 同义替换： astonishing,breathtaking 例句： The spacecraft sent back stunning photos of Mars. 真题链接：（外研版高中选择性必修第二册同步练习） The view from the top of the mountain was_,making all tourists speechless. A.common B.stunning C.boring (答案：B) 4.consist /kan'sIst/V.组成；consist of由…构成 词义辨析： consist of:表示“由…组成”，主动形式表被动含义，无进行时和被动语态。 be made up of:含义与consist of相同，更强调“被…构成”，有被动形式。 同义替换： be composed of,comprise 例句： The solar system consists of the sun and eight planets. 真题链接：（外研版高中选择性必修第二册单元检测） Our class_40 students from different cities. A.makes up B.consists of C.composes of (答案：B) 5.infer/m'f3:/.推断，推定 2 高中选择性必修第二册外研 【高中专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 词义辨析： infer:指根据证据或逻辑“推断、推理”出结论，主语多为人。 conclude:侧重“得出结论”，强调经过讨论或分析后的总结。 同义替换： deduce,reason 例句： From the footprints,the detective inferred that the thief was tall. 真题链接：（外研版高中选择性必修第二册同步练习） We can_from the passage that the scientist has made great progress. A.infer B.forget C.ignore (答案：A) 6.expose/k'spauz,/.使暴露（于险境） 词义辨析： expose:侧重“使暴露于危险、风险中”，常用搭配exp0se.to..。 reveal:指“揭露、揭示”隐藏的事实或真相，宾语多为信息或秘密。 同义替换： uncover,subject 例句： Prolonged exposure to the sun can expose skin to damage 真题链接：（外研版高中选择性必修第二册单元检测） The workers were_to harmful chemicals without protection A.exposed B.protected C.hidden (答案：A) 7. exposure/k'spa3at)/n.暴露 词义辨析： exposure:名词，指“暴露的状态”或“接触的机会”，常与to搭配。 exposition:侧重“阐述、说明”或“展览会”，含义与exposure完全不同。 同义替换： contact,vulnerability 例句： Exposure to loud noise for a long time may cause hearing loss. 真题链接：（外研版高中选择性必修第二册同步练习） The _of children to violence on TV is a serious social problem A.exposure B.protection C.isolation(答案：A) 8.orbit./'obt/v.环绕…运行 词义辨析： obit:指天体或航天器“环绕…运行”，强调规律性的圆周运动。 circle:侧重“围绕…转圈”，可指人或物体的环形移动，范围更广。 3 高中选择性必修第二册外研 【高中专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 同义替换： revolve around,circle 例句： The moon orbits the Earth once every 27 days. 真题链接：（外研版高中选择性必修第二册单元检测） Satellites the Earth to collect weather data. A.orbit B.hit C.escape (答案：A) 9.agency/'eId3nsi/n.机构；（尤指政府内的）局，部，处 词义辨析： agency:指“官方机构、代理机构”，侧重执行特定职能的组织。 organization:含义更广泛，可指任何“组织、团体”，包括非官方机构。 同义替换： institution,bureau 例句： NASA is a famous space agency in the United States 真题链接：（外研版高中选择性必修第二册同步练习） The environmental protection_is responsible for air quality monitoring A.agency B.school C.hospital(答案：A) l0.in the meantime在此期间，与此同时 词义辨析： in the meantime:强调“在两件事之间的这段时间”，可单独作状语。 meanwhile:与in the meantime含义相同，更简洁，可放句首或句中。 同义替换： meanwhile,during this time 例句： The spacecraft is traveling to Mars,in the meantime,scientists are preparing for its landing. 真题链接：（外研版高中选择性必修第二册单元检测） I need to finish my homework first;_,you can watch TV for a while. A.in the meantime B.at last C.on the other hand(答案：A) 11. unmanned/,n'mend/a.无人驾驶（操纵）的 词义辨析： unmanned:指“无需人员操作的”，强调设备的自动化。 automatic:侧重“自动的、机械的”，指设备能自行完成动作，不一定无人。 同义替换： driverless,automated 高中选择性必修第二册外研 【高中专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 例句： Unmanned spacecraft have explored Mars for decades. 真题链接：（外研版高中选择性必修第二册同步练习） The_drone can take photos and deliver packages without a pilot. A.manned B.unmanned C.manual(答案：B) l2.terrifying/'terifar四/adj.极其可怕的，骇人听闻的 词义辨析： terrifying:指事物“令人恐惧的、可怕的”，强调给人带来的恐惧感。 frightening:侧重“令人害怕的”，程度稍弱，可形容轻微的恐惧。 同义替换： horrifying,dreadful 例句： The storm caused a terrifying flood in the village. 真题链接：（外研版高中选择性必修第二册同步练习) The movie about space disasters is so that I couldn't sleep at night. A.exciting B.terrifying C.boring (答案：B) 综合演练 综合练习 一、 单项选择 1.Thetechnology in this lab allows scientists to conduct complex experiments efficiently A.advanced B.developed C.ordinary 2.Few animals can survive in the_conditions of the Arctic winter. A.mild B.hostile C.friendly 3.Thelandscape of the Grand Canyon left all visitors amazed. A.stunning B.common C.boring 4.Our solar system-the sun,planets,and other celestial bodies. A.makes up B.consists of C.composes of 5.From the dark clouds in the sky,we can_that it will rain soon. A.infer B.conclude C.ignore 6.Workers without proper gear may beto toxic substances in the factory. A.exposed B.protected C.hidden 5 高中选择性必修第二册外研 【高中专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 7.Long-term to blue light from screens can harm eyesight. A.exposure B.exposition C.protection 8.The International Space Station the Earth every 90 minutes. A.orbits B.circles C.escapes 9.The environmental_announced new regulations to reduce air pollution. A.organization B.agency C.school 10.I need to finish my report first;,you can start setting up the meeting room A.in the meantime B.at last C.on the other hand 二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 l.The_(无人驾驶的)rover successfully explored the Martian surface. 2.The movie's_(可t怕的)scenes made some audience members leave early. 3.This new phone has(features that none of its competitors have. 4.The team had to stop climbing due to_(恶劣的)weather conditions. 5.The artist's_(令人惊叹的)paintings were displayed in the city museum 6.The committee_(由…组成)five experts from different fields. 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The_(expose)of personal data online has become a major concern. 2.Satellites(orbit)the Earth to provide global communication services. 3.The(agency)responsible for space exploration released a new mission plan. 4.She(infer)from his words that he was not satisfied with the result 5.The_(stun)discovery of ancient ruins attracted archaeologists worldwide. 四、完成句子（每空一词) 1.这个研究团队由来自三个国家的科学家组成。 The research teamscientists from three countries. 2.长期暴露在噪音中可能导致听力问题。 Long-term_noise may cause hearing problems. 6 高中选择性必修第二册外研 【高中专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 3.无人驾驶飞机被用来监测森林火灾。 are used to monitor forest fires. 4.在此期间，我们需要做好充分的准备工作。 we need to make full preparations. 五、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 Space exploration has always been a challenging task.Scientists use(advanced/developed)tech- nology to send_(manned/unmanned)spacecraft into space.These spacecraft_(orbit/circle)plan- ets to collect data,and their findings often provide(stunning/amazing)insights into the universe. However,astronauts face_(hostile/severe)environments,such as extreme temperatures and radia- tion.(In the meantime/Meanwhile),ground control teams work around the clock to ensure mission success.Through years of effort,humans have-(inferred/concluded)that some planets might have conditions suitable for life,though further(exposure/exposition)to space data is needed to confirm this. 参考答案 I单项选择 1.A2B 3.A4.B5.A6.A7.A8.A9B10.A IⅡ.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.unmanned 2.terrifying 3.advanced 4.hostile 5.stunning 6.consists I.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.exposure 2.orbit 3.agency 4.inferred 5.stunning V.完成句子 1.consists of 2.exposure to 3.Unmanned drones 4.In the meantime V.语篇填空 1.advanced 2.unmanned 3.orbit 4.stunning 5.hostile 6.In the meantime 7.inferred 8.exposure 7