Unit 6 Survival一-2025-2026学年高中英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲选择性必修第二册（外研版）

高中英语外研版 【词义辨析精讲】 选择性必修第二册 核心词汇 【Unit6】Survival 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 本单元核心词汇 一、全部单元单词 fox /fpl冰s/n.狐狸 urban/3ban/adj.城镇的，城市lamb1em/n.羔羊，羊羔 chacma baboon南非大狒，大狒的 kebab /kI'beb/n.烤（肉)串 狒 predator/predata(r)/n.捕食动garlic/'ga:lik/n.(大)蒜 crime/kramm/n.罪，罪行 物，捕食性动物 estimate/'estimeit/v.估计，估 seaside/'si:saId/adj.海滨的 newcomer/nju:kAma(r)/n.新来算 suburb/'sAb3b/n.郊区，城郊 者 migratory/'maigratri/adj.迁徙 greedy/'gri:di/adj.贪婪的，贪flourish/flar/v.生长茂盛，兴的 心的 盛 appreciate/为'pri:fiert/v.欣赏：赏 hief/i:fn.小偷，贼 racoon /re'ku:n/n.浣熊 识 commit/k3mrt/v.犯（错误或罪 container/ken'tena)/n.容器 行) garbage/'ga.bd3/n.垃圾 词义辨析及同义替换 1.rban/'3ban/adj.城镇的，城市的 词义辨析： uban:侧重形容与城市相关的事物，如城市生活、城市规划等，反义词是ural（乡村的)。 suburban:特指“郊区的、城郊的”，属于城市周边区域，如suburban area(郊区)。 同义替换： metropolitan,city-related 例句： Urban development has changed the landscape of the old town. 真题链接：（外研版高中选择性必修第二册同步练习） The-population of this country has increased by 10%in the past decade. A.ural B.urban C.suburban(答案：B) 2.commit/ka'mt/v.犯（错误或罪行) 高中英语外研版 【词义辨析精讲】 选择性必修第二册 词义辨析： commit::后接具体罪行或错误，如commit a crime(犯罪)、commit a mistake(犯错)，为及物动 词。 do:泛指“做”，搭配较宽泛，如do wrong(做错事)，但不如commit正式。 同义替换： perpetrate,carry out 例句： He was arrested for committing theft in the supermarket. 真题链接：（外研版高中选择性必修第二册单元检测） It is illegal to murder in any country. A.doB.make C.commit(答案：C) 3.f1 ourish/'f1rf/V.生长茂盛，兴盛 词义辨析： flourish:指植物生长茂盛或事业、文化等繁荣发展，强调持续的旺盛状态。 gow:泛指“生长、成长”，侧重过程，不强调“茂盛”或“兴盛”。 同义替换： thrive,prosper 例句： Plants flourish in the warm and rainy climate of the south. 真题链接：（外研版高中选择性必修第二册课后练习） With the support of the government,small businesses have begun to-in recent years. A.fail B.flourish C.decline(答案：B) 4.appreciate3'pri∫ietv.欣赏：赏识 词义辨析： appreciate:侧重“理解并珍视事物的价值”，可接名词或动名词，如appreciate art(欣赏艺术)、 appreciate doing sth(感激做某事)。 enjoy:强调“从…中获得乐趣”，后接名词或动名词，如enjoy music(享受音乐)。 同义替换： value,cherish 例句： We should appreciate the beauty of nature in our daily life. 真题链接：（外研版高中选择性必修第二册模块测试） I really_your help when I was in trouble. A.enjoy B.appreciate C.thank(答案：B) 5.estimate/'estmmeit/v.估计，估算 2 高中英语外研版 【词义辨析精讲】 选择性必修第二册 词义辨析： estimate: 指根据已有信息进行大致推测，结果可能不精确，如estimate the cost(估算成本)。 calculate:强调通过计算得出精确结果，如calculate the answer(计算答案)。 同义替换： evaluate,assess 例句： Scientists estimate that the project will take three years to complete. 真题链接：（外研版高中选择性必修第二册同步练习） Can youhow many people will attend the meeting tomorrow? A.calculate B.estimate C.count (答案：B) 6.greedy/'gri:di/ad.贪婪的，贪心的 词义辨析： greedy:贬义，指对金钱、食物等过度渴求，不知满足，如greedy for money(贪财)。 selfish:侧重“自私的”，只考虑自己，不顾他人，如selfish behavior(自私行为)。 同义替换： avaricious,covetous 例句： The greedy thief stole all the valuable things from the house. 真题链接：（外研版高中选择性必修第二册单元检测） Don't befor power;it will destroy your reputation. A.greedy B.generous C.honest (答案：A) 7.predator/'predata(r)/n.捕食动物，捕食性动物 词义辨析： predator:指以其他动物为食的捕食者，如lions andtigers are predators(狮子和老虎是捕食动物)。 prey:指“被捕食的动物”，为名词，如The rabbit became the prey of the wolf.. 同义替换： hunter,carnivore 例句： Owls are night predators that hunt mice and insects 真题链接：（外研版高中选择性必修第二册阅读理解） In the food chain,_usually hunt smaller animals for food A.plants B.predators C.herbivores (答案：B) 8.container/kan'tema()/n.容器 词义辨析： container:泛指装东西的容器，如boxes,bottles等，用途广泛。 vessel::侧重“器皿、容器”，尤指用于运输液体的容器，如a water vessel(水壶) 高中英语外研版 【词义辨析精讲】 选择性必修第二册 同义替换： receptacle,holder 例句： Please put the leftover food in a plastic container and refrigerate it 真题链接：（外研版高中选择性必修第二册词汇练习） We need a glass to hold the fresh juice A.container B.tool C.instrument (答案：A) 9.newcomer/nju:kmat)/n.新来者 词义辨析： newcomer:指刚到某地或加入某群体的人，如a newcomer to the city(城市新来者)。 stranger:泛指“陌生人”，强调不认识的人，与是否“新来”无关。 同义替换： new arrival,freshman 例句： The teacher helped the newcomer adapt to the class quickly. 真题链接：（外研版高中选择性必修第二册完形填空） As a_to the company,she was nervous about her first day at work A.stranger B.newcomer C.visitor (答案：B) l0.cime/aam/n.罪，罪行 词义辨析： crime:指违反法律的严重罪行，如nurder,theft等，为可数名词。 sin:指违反道德或宗教规范的“罪过”，如tell a lie is a sin(说谎是一种罪过)。 同义替换： offense,felony 例句： The police are investigating the crime that happened last night 真题链接：（外研版高中选择性必修第二册单元测试) Stealing is a serious_and will be punished by law. A.sin B.crime C.mistake (答案：B) 综合演练 高中英语外研版 【词义辨析精讲】 选择性必修第二册 综合练习 一、 单项选择 1.The_area has developed rapidly with new shopping malls and parks. A.rural B.urban C.suburban 2.It is illegal to theft in any country. A.do B.make C.commit 3.With enough sunlight and water,the plants in the garden will-soon. A.fail B.flourish C.decline 4.I really_your support when I was facing difficulties A.enjoy B.appreciate C.thank 5.Can you the number of students who will join the trip? A.calculate B.estimate C.count 6.The fox stole all the chickens from the farm. A.greedy B.generous C.honest 7.In the forest,lions and tigers are topthat hunt other animals A.plants B.predators C.herbivores 8.Please put the milk in a glass_and keep it in the fridge. A.container B.tool C.instrument 高中英语外研版 【词义辨析精讲】 选择性必修第二册 9.As a to the school,she felt nervous on her first day. A.stranger B.newcomer C.visitor 10.Stealing is a seriousand will be punished by law A.sin B.crime C.mistake 二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 l.The_(城市的)population of China has increased a lot in recent years. 2.He was arrested for()a serious crime last month. 3.With the right conditions,the business will)in the next few years. 4.We should learn to (the beauty of simple life. 5.Scientists(that the project will cost about 10 million yuan 6.Don'tbe_(贪婪的)for money,:it will bring you trouble. 7.The_(捕食动物)hid behind the tree,waiting for its prey. 8.She put the flowers in a beautiful(on the table. 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The_(urban)development has changed the old town completely. 2.He admitted(commit)the mistake and apologized to everyone. 3.The company hopes to(flourish)in the international market next year. 4.I would(appreciate)it if you could help me with the work. 5.They need to(estimate)the time needed to finish the task. 6.The(greedy)of the businessman led to his failure. 7.(predator)like wolves usually hunt in groups. 8.This plastic(container)can hold up to two liters of water. 6 高中英语外研版 【词义辨析精讲】 选择性必修第二册 四、完成句子（每空一词) 1.城市规划改变了这个小镇的面貌。 has changed the landscape of the small town. 2.他因在超市偷窃而被逮捕。 He was arrested for_in the supermarket. 3.在温暖多雨的气候中，植物生长茂盛。 Plantsin the warm and rainy climate. 4.我非常感谢你在我困难时给予的帮助。 I really_your help when I was in trouble. 五、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 In modern society,(1.urban/suburban)areas are growing fast.Many people move to cities for better jobs,which makes the(2.urban/rural)population increase.However,some people are-(3. greedy/selfish)for more money and(4.commit/do)crimes like theft.To fight crime,the police of- ten-(5.estimate/calculate)the number of criminals and take action.In nature,-(6.predators/prey) like lions hunt other animals to survive,while plants(7.flourish/grow)in suitable environments. People should learn to_(8.appreciate/enjoy)the balance between human development and nature. 参考答案 I.单项选择 1.B2.C3B4B5.B6.A7B8.A9B10.B Ⅱ.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.urban 2.committing 3.flourish 4.appreciate 5.estimate 6.greedy 7.predator 8.con- tainer 工用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.urban 2.committing 3.flourish 4.appreciate 5.estimate 6.greed 7.Predators 8.con- tainer V.完成句子 1.Urban development 2.committing theft 3.flourish 4.appreciate 高中英语外研版 【词义辨析精讲】 选择性必修第二册 V.语篇填空 1.urban 2.urban 3.greedy 4.commit 5.estimate 6.predators 7.flourish 8.appreciate 8