Unit 5 Into the unknown一-2025-2026学年高中英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲选择性必修第四册（外研版）

高中选择性必修第四册外研版 【词义辨析精讲】 Unit 5 Into the unknown 词汇精讲 【Unit5】Into the unknown 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 本单元核心词汇 一、全部单元单词 frustration/frA'strern/n.懊丧，theft/0eft/n.偷窃，偷盗 的：产于热带的 懊恼，沮丧 purse /p3sn.(女式)钱包 cyclone/'saiklaun/n.气旋；旋 hire/'hare)/v.(短期的)租用，civilisation/,srvalar'zen/n.文风 租借 明（社会） megadrought /'megadr:t/n. designer clothes名牌服装 intrigue/m'trig/v.(因奇特级干旱 rent out出租（房屋、房间、土或神秘而）激起.的兴趣，引downfall/daunf:1/n.衰败 地等) 起.的好奇心 uin/'Tu:m/n.残垣断壁，废墟 thereby/ǒesba/adv.因此，由bury/'beri/v.将.埋在下面fall into ruin(因无人照料而)衰 此 pyramid /'prramid/n.金字塔落，败落 supervision/,sup3'vI3/n.监督；（古埃及法老的陵墓，是古代建abandon/baendan/v.离弃，逃 管理 筑奇迹之一) 离 expense/k'spens/n.费用，花费astronomy/A'strpna3mi/n.天文dismiss/ds'mIs/v.拒绝考虑，否 at the expense of以损害..为学 定 代价 canal /ka'ne/n.运河 abuse /a'bju:sn.滥用 tropical/'trDpikl/adj.来自热带 词义辨析及同义替换 1.frustration /frA'strerfn/n.懊丧，懊恼，沮丧 词义辨析： frustration:侧重因未达成目标或受阻而产生的失望情绪，强调过程中的不顺带来的内心困扰。 disappointment:指期望未实现时的失落感，更侧重结果与预期不符。 同义替换： disappointment,vexation 例句： He couldn't hide his frustration when he failed the exam again 真题链接：（外研版高中选择性必修第四册同步练习） 高中选择性必修第四册外研版 【词义辨析精讲】 Unit 5 Into the unknown The team's repeated failures led to great among the players A.excitement B.frustration C.satisfaction (答案：B) 2.hire/'haar)/v.(短期的)租用，租借 词义辨析： hie:主要用于英式英语，可指“租用（物品）”或“雇佣（人员）”，强调短期或临时的关系。 ret:美式英语中更常用，侧重“租用（房屋、土地等长期使用权）”，也可指“出租”。 同义替换： rent,lease 例句： We decided to hire a car for our weekend trip to the countryside. 真题链接：（外研版高中选择性必修第四册单元检测） They plan to a house near the school for the next two years A.hire B.rent C.borrow (答案：B) 3.expense/ik'spens/n.费用，花费 词义辨析： expense:指“（具体的）费用、开支”，常用复数形式，强调金钱上的支出。 cost:侧重“成本、代价”，可指金钱、时间或精力的消耗。 同义替换： cost,expenditure 例句： The company will cover all travel expenses for the business trip 真题链接：（外研版高中选择性必修第四册期末复习题） The of living in this city is much higher than in my hometown A.expense B.cost C.price (答案：B) 4.abuse /a'bju:s/n.滥用 词义辨析： abuse:指“（权力、物品等的）滥用”，强调不合理或过度使用。 misuse: 侧重“误用、错用”，指因无知或疏忽而使用不当。 同义替换： misuse,overuse 例句： The abuse of antibiotics has led to serious health problems. 真题链接：（外研版高中选择性必修第四册阅读填空） The report warns against the of social media platforms for spreading false information. A.abuse B.use C.help (答案：A) 2 高中选择性必修第四册外研版 【词义辨析精讲】 Unit 5 Into the unknown 5.uin/u:n/n.残垣断壁，废墟 词义辨析： un:指“（建筑物等的）废墟”，也可作动词表“毁坏”，强调彻底破坏。 destroy:侧重“摧毁、毁灭”，语气较强，指事物完全失去功能。 同义替换： ruins,debris 例句： The ancient temple fell into ruin after years of neglect. 真题链接：（外研版高中选择性必修第四册词汇运用） The earthquake left the town in with most buildings destroyed A.ruin B.ruins C.destroy (答案：B) 6.abandon/3'baendan/v.离弃，逃离 词义辨析： abandon:指“彻底放弃、遗弃”，可用于人或事物，强调主动脱离关系。 desert:侧重“抛弃（某人）、擅离（职守）”，语气比abandon更正式，含贬义。 同义替换： desert,leave 例句： The villagers were forced to abandon their homes due to the flood. 真题链接：（外研版高中选择性必修第四册完形填空） He decided to his plan after realizing it was too risky. A.abandon B.continue C.support (答案：A) 7.dismiss/ds'mIsv.拒绝考虑，否定 词义辨析： dismiss:指“不予理会、驳回”，强调主观上认为某事不重要而忽略。 ignore:侧重“故意忽视、不理睬”，指对某事视而不见。 同义替换： ignore,reject 例句： The manager dismissed the idea as impractical without further discussion 真题链接：（外研版高中选择性必修第四册语法填空） She all criticism and focused on improving her work A.dismissed B.accepted C.considered (答案：A) 8.thereby/eaba/adv.因此，由此 3 高中选择性必修第四册外研版 【词义辨析精讲】 Unit 5 Into the unknown 词义辨析： thereby:书面语，强调“通过某方式产生结果”，后接动名词表结果。 therefore:侧重“因此、所以”，连接因果关系，可放句首或句中。 同义替换： therefore,thus 例句： He studied hard,thereby passing the exam with excellent grades 真题链接：（外研版高中选择性必修第四册阅读理解） The new policy reduced energy consumption, lowering production costs. A.thereby B.however C.otherwise (答案：A) 9.supervision/,sup3'V3/n.监督；管理 词义辨析： supervision: 指“（对工作、活动等的）监督”，强调过程中的指导和控制。 management:侧重“管理、经营”，指对资源或组织的整体调控。 同义替换： oversight,monitoring 例句： Children under 12 must be under adult supervision in the swimming pool. 真题链接：（外研版高中选择性必修第四册单元测试） The project was completed on time under strict from the director. A.supervision B.management C.help (答案：A) 10.downfall/daunfo:l/n.衰败 词义辨析： downfall:指“（个人、国家等的）衰败、垮台”，强调从成功到失败的过程。 decline:侧重“逐渐衰落、下降”，可指数量、质量或势力的衰退。 同义替换： decline,collapse 例句： The empire's downfall was caused by a series of economic crises. 真题链接：（外研版高中选择性必修第四册阅读理解） The article discusses the of the ancient civilization due to climate change A.downfall B.rise C.development (答案：A) l1.opical/tDpk/adj.来自热带的；产于热带的 词义辨析： tropical::指“热带的”，强调气候或地区特征（如高温多雨）。 hot:侧重“炎热的”，仅描述温度，无地域限定。 高中选择性必修第四册外研版 【词义辨析精讲】 Unit 5 Into the unknown 同义替换： tropic,subtropical 例句： Tropical plants require plenty of sunlight and water to grow well. 真题链接：（外研版高中选择性必修第四册词汇匹配） This area is famous for its rainforests and diverse wildlife A.tropical B.cold C.dry (答案：A) l2.intrigue/n'trig/v.激起的兴趣 词义辨析： intrigue:指“（因神秘或奇特）激起好奇心”，语气较正式。 interest::侧重“使感兴趣”，指事物对人的吸引力，使用范围更广。 同义替换： interest,fascinate 例句： The novel's mysterious plot intrigued readers from the very first chapter 真题链接：（外研版高中选择性必修第四册阅读理解) The ancient artifact archaeologists because of its unknown origin. A.intrigued B.bored C.confused (答案：A) 综合演练 综合练习 一、 单项选择 1.The team's repeated failures led to great among the players. A.excitement B.frustration C.satisfaction 2.They plan to a house near the school for the next two years. A.hire B.rent C.borrow 3.The of living in this city is much higher than in my hometown. A.expense B.cost 5 高中选择性必修第四册外研版 【词义辨析精讲】 Unit 5 Into the unknown C.price 4.The report warns against the_ of social media platforms for spreading false information. A.abuse B.use C.help 5.The earthquake left the town in,with most buildings destroyed. A.ruin B.ruins C.destroy 6.He decided to his plan after realizing it was too risky. A.abandon B.continue C.support 7.She all criticism and focused on improving her work. A.dismissed B.accepted C.considered 8.The new policy reduced energy consumption, lowering production costs A.thereby B.however C.otherwise 9.The project was completed on time under strict from the director. A.supervision B.management C.help 10.The article discusses the of the ancient civilization due to climate change A.downfall B.rise C.development 二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.His face showed his (诅丧)when he heard the bad news. 2.We need to (租用)a car for our trip to the mountains. 3.The company covers all travel (费用)for its employees. 6 高中选择性必修第四册外研版 【词义辨析精讲】 Unit 5 Into the unknown 4.The (of power by some officials has been criticized by the public 5.After the war,the city was left in(废墟) 6.The villagers had to (their homes because of the flood. 7.The manager_ (拒绝考虑)the proposal without reading it carefully. 8.He worked hard,(passing the exam easily. 9.The children played under the (of their teacher. 10.The()of the company was caused by poor management 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The (frustrate)on his face was obvious when he failed again. 2.We decided to (hire)a guide for our trip to the ancient temple. 3.The company's_(expense)on advertising has increased this year. 4.The (abuse)of antibiotics is a serious problem in modern medicine 5.The old castle fell into (ruin)after years of neglect 6.They had to (abandon)their plan due to bad weather. 7.She (dismiss)the idea as impossible without giving any reasons. 8.He studied hard,thereby(improve)his grades greatly 9.The project was carried out under the(supervise)of a famous expert. 10.The (downfall)of the empire was a turning point in history. 四、完成句子（每空一词） 1.她因为考试失败而感到沮丧。 She felt because she failed the exam. 2.我们计划为周末租用一辆车。 We plan toa car for the weekend. 3.这家公司将支付所有的旅行费用。 The company will cover all travel 7 高中选择性必修第四册外研版 【词义辨析精讲】 Unit 5 Into the unknown 4.报告警告不要滥用社交媒体传播虚假信息。 The report warns against the of social media to spread false information. 5.地震后，这个小镇成了一片废墟。 After the earthquake,the small town lay in 6.他意识到计划太危险，决定放弃它。 He realized the plan was too risky and decided to 五、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 Tom used to be a confident student,but recently he has been facing many difficulties.He failed the math exam twice,which caused great(1)(frustrate).He even wanted to(2)(abandon)his studies.His teacher noticed his change andhad a talk with him.The teacher toldhim not to(3) (dismiss)the importance of persistence.With the teacher's(4)(supervise),Tom started to work harder.He studied day and night,(5)(thereby)improving his grades.Finally,he passed the exam.However,he also realized that the(6) (cost)of his success was many sleepless nights. He promised himself to balance study and rest in the future. 参考答案 I.单项选择 1.B2B 3B4.A5.B6.A7.A8.A9.A10.A IⅡ.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.frustration 2.hire 3.expenses 4.abuse 5.ruins 6.abandon 7.dismissed 8.thereby 9.supervision 10.downfall I.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.frustration 2.hire 3.expenses 4.abuse 5.ruins 6.abandon 7.dismissed 8.improving 9.supervision 10.downfall V.完成句子 1.frustration 2.hire 3.expenses 4.abuse 5.ruins 6.abandon V.语篇填空 1.frustration 2.abandon 3.dismiss 4.supervision 5.thereby 6.cost 8