Unit 6 At one with nature一-2025-2026学年高中英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲必修第一册（外研版）

高中必修第一册外研版 【nit6】 At one with nature 自然现象专题 【Unit6】At one with nature 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 本单元核心词汇 一、全部单元单词 wra即ep/v.包，裹 drizzle/'drz/v.下毛毛雨n.毛tornado:'neidau/n.龙卷风， sheet/it/n.(水或冰等的)一 毛雨 旋风 大片 shower/Jaar)/n.阵雨 disaster/d'za:sta()/n.灾难，灾 frost/fDst/n.霜 thunder/θAnd/n.雷，雷声祸 frozen/fra5zn/ad.冻结的，冰v.打雷 damage/'dend3/v.&n.损害， 封的 lightning/'lartnm/n.闪电 损坏 oof /ru:f/n.屋顶，顶部 thunderstorm'θndasto:m/n.destroy/d'stro/v.摧毁，毁灭 icicle/'arsikl//n.冰柱，冰锥 雷暴，雷雨 ruin/'u:n/v.毁坏，破坏n.废 mist/mst/n.薄雾，雾气 blizzard/blzd/n.暴风雪，雪墟 fog/fDg/n.雾 暴 survive /sa'varv/V.幸存，存活 foggy/'fDgi/adj.有雾的，多雾hurricane/'hArikan/n.飓风 survivor/sa'varva()/n.幸存者， 的 yphoon/ta'fn/n.台风 生还者 词义辨析及同义替换 1.damage/'demd3yv.&n.损害，损坏 词义辨析： damage:指部分性的损坏，程度较轻，可修复，作名词时为不可数名词。 destroy:强调彻底摧毁，无法修复，程度较重。 u:可指逐渐破坏，也可表示“使破产、毁灭”，作名词常指“废墟”。 同义替换： harm,impair 例句： The storm caused some damage to the roof. 真题链接：（外研版高中必修第一册同步练习） The earthquake many houses,and few of them could be repaired. A.damaged B.destroyed C.ruined(答案：B) 高中必修第一册外研版 【nit6】 At one with nature 2.destroy/d'stro/v.摧毁，毁灭 词义辨析： destroy:侧重用暴力或力量彻底破坏，对象多为建筑物、希望等。 uin:可指自然或人为因素导致的“毁坏”，也可用于抽象事物（如健康、名誉）。 同义替换： demolish,wipe out 例句： The fire destroyed the entire forest. 真题链接：（外研版高中必修第一册单元检测） The war the city,leaving nothing but ruins. A.damaged B.destroyed C.harmed(答案：B) 3.uin/um/v.毁坏，破坏n.废墟 词义辨析： ruin (v.): 强调长期影响导致的“毁坏”，如“酗酒毁了他的健康”：作名词时指“废墟”（常用 复数)。 damage:侧重局部损伤，程度较轻。 同义替换： spoil,wreck 例句： The heavy rain ruined our plan to go hiking. 真题链接：（外研版高中必修第一册期末复习题） The ancient temple was in after the war A.damage B.destroy C.ruins (答案：C) 4.mist /mIst/n.薄雾，雾气 词义辨析： nst:指较淡的雾气，能见度较高，常与“山雾、晨雾”相关。 fog:指浓而厚的雾，能见度低，常用“heavy fog”(浓雾)。 同义替换： haze,fog 例句： The hills were covered in mist in the early morning. 真题链接：（外研版高中必修第一册同步练习） Drivers should be careful on days as visibility is poor. A.misty B.foggy C.rainy (答案：B) 5.fog/fog/n.雾&foggy/fpgi/adj..有雾的，多雾的 高中必修第一册外研版 【nit6】 At one with nature 词义辨析： fog(n.):具体指“雾”这种自然现象：fog8y(adj):形容天气“有雾的”。 mist:雾气较淡，而fog更浓。 同义替换： mist,haze (n.);misty (adj.) 例句： The airport was closed due to heavy fog 真题链接：（外研版高中必修第一册单元检测） It's today.You'd better wear a mask when going out. A.foggy B.misty C.sunny (答案：A) 6.shower'jaa)/n.阵雨 词义辨析： shower:指短时间的、间歇性的阵雨，强度可大可小。 drizzle:指“毛毛雨”，雨滴细小，持续时间较长。 同义替换： rain shower,,downpour(暴雨，强度更大) 例句： We were caught in a shower on the way home. 真题链接：（外研版高中必修第一册同步练习) The weather report says there will be a this afternoon,so take an umbrella. A.drizzle B.shower C.blizzard(答案：B) 7.drizzle/'dtzl/v.下毛毛雨n.毛毛雨 词义辨析： drizzle:指细雨蒙蒙，雨势微弱，如“drizzling all day”（下了一整天毛毛雨)。 shower:强调阵雨的“短暂性”，雨势可能比drizzle大。 同义替换： light rain,misty rain 例句： It's drizzling outside,so we need to wear light raincoats 真题链接：（外研版高中必修第一册期末复习题） The weather is today,and the ground is slightly wet. A.drizzling B.snowing C.thundering (答案：A) 8.disaster/d'za:sta(r)/n.灾难，灾祸 词义辨析： disaster:泛指各种自然灾害或人为灾难，如地震、火灾、经济危机等。 calamity:较正式，强调灾难的严重性和广泛性，书面语常用。 3 高中必修第一册外研版 【nit6】 At one with nature 同义替换： catastrophe,misfortune 例句： The flood was the worst disaster in the area for decades. 真题链接：（外研版高中必修第一册单元检测） The government took measures to help people affected by the natural A.disaster B.accident C.event (答案：A) 9.survive/sa'vaIv/v.幸存，存活&survivor/s3'vaiva()/n.幸存者，生还者 词义辨析： survive(V.):表示“从危险中存活”，如“survive the earthquake”;survivor(n.):指“幸存者”， 为可数名词。 同义替换： live through.,endure(v.);survivor→survivor(无直接同义名词，可表述为“person who survived”) 例句： Only a few people survived the plane crash,and the survivors were sent to hospital. 真题链接：（外研版高中必修第一册同步练习） After the flood,the were provided with food and shelter by the government. A.survivors B.victims C.rescuers (答案：A) 10.thunderstorm/'0 Andasto:m/n.雷暴，雷雨 词义辨析： thunderstorm:指伴有雷电的暴雨，结合了thunder(雷)、lightning(闪电)和rain blizzard:指“暴风雪”，以强风、大雪为特征。 同义替换： electrical storm,thunder shower 例句： The thunderstorm caused a power outage in the neighborhood. 真题链接：（外研版高中必修第一册单元检测） We should stay indoors during a because of the risk of lightning A.blizzard B.thunderstorm C.hurricane (答案：B) 11.blizzard/blizad/n.暴风雪，雪暴 词义辨析： blizzard:强调“强风+大雪”，能见度极低，常导致交通中断。 nowstorm:泛指“雪暴”，强度可小于blizzard.。 同义替换： snowstorm,whiteout 4 高中必修第一册外研版 【Unit6】 At one with nature 例句： The blizzard closed all roads and schools in the city. 真题链接：（外研版高中必修第一册期末复习题） A」 hit the northern area,bringing heavy snow and strong winds. A.blizzard B.tornado C.typhoon (答案：A) l2.hurricane/'hrkn/n.飓风&typhoon/taI'f:n/n.台风 词义辨析： hurricane: 指发生在大西洋和东太平洋的热带气旋，风速极快。 typhoon:指发生在西北太平洋的热带气旋，与hurricane本质相同，名称因地区而异。 同义替换： cyclone(气旋，统称) 例句： Hurricanes often hit the southeastern coast of the US in summer. 真题链接：（外研版高中必修第一册同步练习） are common in the Pacific Ocean,while occur in the Atlantic Ocean A.Typhoons;hurricanes B.Hurricanes;typhoons C.Tornadoes:blizzards (答案：A) l3.tornado/to:nerdac/n.龙卷风，旋风 词义辨析： tornado:指陆地或水面上形成的高速旋转气流，形状如“漏斗”，破坏力极强但范围较小。 hurricane//yphoon:规模更大，持续时间更长，影响范围广。 同义替换： twister,cyclone(小范围) 例句： The tornado destroyed several houses in the small town. 真题链接：（外研版高中必修第一册单元检测） is a violent rotating column of air that touches the ground. A.tornado B.thunderstorm C.fog(答案：A) 14.frozen/'fra5zm/adj.冻结的，冰封的 词义辨析： frozen::由freeze的过去分词转化而来，强调“被冻结的状态”，如“frozen lake”(冰封的湖)。 freezing:形容词，指“极冷的”，如“freezing weather”(严寒天气)。 同义替换： ice-cold,frosty 5 高中必修第一册外研版 【Unit6】 At one with nature 综合演练 综合练习 一、 单项选择 1.The strong wind only caused some_ to the windows,and they can be repaired easily A.damage B.destroy C.ruin 2.The earthquake the small village completely,leaving no building standing A.damaged B.destroyed C.harmed 3.After years of neglect,the old castle fell into A.damage B.destroy C.ruins 4.Drivers must slow down on mornings as the thick reduces visibility to less than 100 meters. A.misty;mist B.foggy,fog C.rainy;rain 5.The weather forecast warns of a this afternoon,so remember to take an umbrella even if it's sunny now. A.drizzle B.shower C.blizzard 6.It has been all day,and the light rain has made the grass look fresh and green. A.drizzling B.snowing C.thundering 7.Ahit the coastal city last night,bringing strong winds and heavy rain that flooded many streets. A.blizzard B.thunderstorm C.hurricane 6 高中必修第一册外研版 【Unit6】 At one with nature 8.During a you should stay away from windows due to the risk of flying debris from the high- speed rotating winds. A.tornado B.fog C.drizzle 二、根据句意及首字母提示填空 1.The storm caused s damage to the roof,but it's not too serious 2.The ancient city was in r. after the war,with only broken walls left. 3.The airport was closed because of heavy f and many flights were delayed. 4.We got caught in a sudden s on the way home,and we all got wet. 5.The survivors of the flood were provided with food and sby the government. 6.A t is a violent storm with thunder and lightning,which can be dangerous. 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The fire (destroy)the entire forest,and it will take decades to recover. 2.The heavy rain (ruin)our picnic plan,so we had to stay at home. 3.After the earthquake,only a few people(survive),and the (survive)were sent to the hospital. 4.The lake is (freeze)in winter,and children like to skate on it. 5.It's (fog)today,and the visibility is very poor on the highway. 四、完成句子（每空一词) 1.这场洪水是该地区几十年来最严重的灾难。 The flood was the worst in the area for decades. 2.大雾导致飞机无法起飞。 The plane couldn't take off due to 3.他的健康因长期吸烟而逐渐受损。 His health was by long-term smoking. 1 高中必修第一册外研版 【Unit6】 At one with nature 4.台风和飓风本质上是相同的，只是名称因地区而异。 and are essentially the same but named differently by region. 五、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 Last week,a terrible natural (1) (disaster/accident)hit our town.It was a strong (2) (hurricane/typhoon)that came from the Atlantic Ocean.The wind was so strong that it (3) (damaged/destroyed)many houses,and few of them could be repaired.After the storm,the town was left in (4) (ruins/damage).Some people were trapped in the rubble,but luckily,many (5) (survivors/victims)were rescued by the emergency team.The next morning,the sky was covered in (6) (mist/fog),making it hard for rescuers to search for missing people.Later,a light (7) (drizzle/shower)started,which made the ground muddy but also helped clear the dust. 参考答案 I单项选择 1.A2B3.C4B5.B6.A7.C8.A Ⅱ.根据句意及首字母提示填空 1.some 2ruins 3.fog 4.shower 5.shelter 6.thunderstorm I.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.destroyed 2ruined 3.survived,survivors 4.frozen 5.foggy V.完成句子 1.disaster 2.heavy fog 3.ruined 4.Typhoons;hurricanes V.语篇填空 1.disaster 2.hurricane 3.destroyed 4.ruins 5.survivors 6.mist 7.drizzle 8