Unit 1 Science and Scientists 二-2025-2026学年高中英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲选择性必修第二册（人教版）

高中选修2人教 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 寒假专版 【Unit1】Science and Scientists- 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 本单元核心词汇 一、全部单元单词 substantial/sab'staen/adj.大量见解 的：坚实的n.固体 的：价值巨大的：重大的 pr'otein/'prauti:n/n.蛋白质 cast /ka:st/t.(cast,cast)投射； decrease/di:kri:s/n.减少：降低：cell/sel/n.细胞：小房间：单间向…投以（视线、笑容等）：投 减少量d'ki:s/t.&vi.(使大牢房 掷 小、数量等)减少；减小：降低irus/'vaIras/n.病毒 shadow∫eda/n.阴影；影子； thanks to短语幸亏；由于 finding/famd,/n.发现；调查背光处 statistic/sta'tistrk/n.pl.]统计结果；（法律）判决 rainbow/'remba/n.彩虹 数字；统计资料：统计学 initial'n/ad.最初的：开始pour /p3:)/t.倒出；倾泻；斟 transform /trans'fom/t.使改的：第一的 (饮料) 观：使改变形态vi.改变：转变vaccine/'vaeksi:n/n.疫苗 concrete/'kpnkri:t/n.混凝土 epidemiology/,epl,di:mi'olad3 i/framework/'fremw3k/n.框架；adj.混凝土制的：确实的：具体 n.流行病学 结构 的 nicroscope/makr3 skaup/n.显theoretical framework短语理plasma/'plazm/n.血浆 微镜 论框架 thinking/'ok)/n.思想；思维；solid/'splid/ad.可靠的；固体 词义辨析及同义替换 1.decrease/'diki:s/n.减少；降低：减少量/d'kri:s/vt.&vi.(使大小、数量等)减少：减小；降低 词义辨析： decrease:可作名词或动词，强调数量、程度等“逐渐减少”，既可指主动减少，也可指自然下 降，使用范围广。 reduce:仅作动词，侧重“人为地、有意识地减少”，常与介词to(减少到)或by(减少了)搭 配。 同义替换： reduce,diminish 例句： 1 高中选修2人教 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 The number of students in this school has decreased by 10%in the past year.( There has been a decrease in rainfall this month.(作名词) 真题链接：（人教版高中选修2同步练习） The government is taking measures to the pollution in the river. A.increase B.decrease C.develop (答案：B) 2.transform/trns'fm/t.使改观：使改变形态vi.改变：转变 词义辨析： transform:强调外观、性质、功能等发生“彻底的、根本性的改变”，常用搭配transform...into. (把…转变成…)。 change:普通用词，泛指任何形式的“变化”，可指大小、形状、状态等改变，程度可轻可重。 同义替换： change,convert 例句： The invention of the Internet has transformed the way we communicate 真题链接：（人教版高中选修2单元测试） Technology has our lives in many ways,making them more convenient. A.transformed B.remembered C.forgotten(答案：A) 3.initial/'nu/adj.最初的；开始的：第一的 词义辨析： initial:指“开始阶段的、最初的”，强调时间或顺序上的“第一”，多用于书面语。 original:侧重“原始的、最初的”，指某物在产生或形成时的状态，未经改变的。 同义替换： first,beginning 例句： After the initial difficulties,the project began to run smoothly. 真题链接：（人教版高中选修2课后练习） The plan was to finish the work in a week,but we needed more time. A.initial B.final C.ordinary (答案：A) 4.solid/sol1d/adj.可靠的：固体的；坚实的n.固体 词义辨析： solid(adj.):作形容词时，指“固体的”（与liquid,gas相对），或“坚实的、可靠的”（指人或 物稳固、可信赖)。 fim:作形容词时，侧重“坚固的、坚定的”，可指物体结构坚固，也可指人意志坚定。 同义替换： fim,stable(作“可靠的、坚实的”时)：hard(作“固体的”时) 2 高中选修2人教 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 例句： The table is made of solid wood.(作形容词，固体的) He is a solid partner you can trust.（作形容词，可靠的) 真题链接：（人教版高中选修2同步练习） The old house has a foundation,so it can stand for a long time. A.solid B.weak C.soft (答案：A) 5.cast /ka:st/vt.(cast,cast)投射：向…投以（视线、笑容等）：投掷 词义辨析： cast:指“投射（光、影等）”或“向…投以（视线、笑容等)”，也可指“投掷”较轻的物体， 过去式和过去分词均为cast。 throw:普通用词，指“扔、投掷”，侧重用力抛出，过去式threw,过去分词thrown。 同义替换： throw,project(作“投射”时) 例句： The tree casts a long shadow in the afternoon sun.(投射影子) She cast a smile at me when I entered the room.(投以笑容) 真题链接：（人教版高中选修2单元测试） The moon its light on the quiet lake,making it look like silver. A.cast B.caught C.carried(答案：A) 6.shadow/∫edu/n.阴影：影子；背光处 词义辨析： shadow:指“影子”（由物体遮挡光线形成），或“阴影、背光处”，可指具体的影子，也可指抽 象的“阴影、影响”。 hade:指“阴凉处、树荫”，强调没有阳光的凉爽区域，不可指具体的影子。 同义替换： shade(指“背光处”时) 例句： We sat in the shadow of the big tree to avoid the sun.(树荫下的背光处) His face was in shadow,so I couldn't see his expression clearly.( 真题链接：（人教版高中选修2课后练习） In summer,many people like to walk in the of the buildings to keep cool. A.shadow ,B.sunC.rain(答案：A) 7.porp3)/t.倒出：倾泻：斟（饮料） 词义辨析： po:指“（液体）倾泻、涌出”，或“倒（饮料等）”，强调液体连续不断地流动。 low:指“（液体、气体等）流动”，侧重自然地、持续地流动，主语多为液体本身。 3 高中选修2人教 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 同义替换： flow,spil(指“溢出”时) 例句： She poured a cup of tea for her mother.(倒饮料) Tears poured down her face when she heard the news.( 真题链接：（人教版高中选修2同步练习） It began to rain heavily,and water into the room through the broken window A.poured B.walked C.climbed (答案：A) 8.concrete/'kpnkri:t/n.混凝土adj.混凝土制的：确实的；具体的 词义辨析： concrete(adj):作形容词时，指“具体的、确实的”（与abstract相对），强调“明确的、可感 知的”：也可指“混凝土制的”。 specific:侧重“特定的、具体的”，指针对某一事物的具体细节，而非笼统的。 同义替换： specific,definite(作“确实的、具体的”时) 例句： We need concrete evidence to support this theory..（具体的证据) The house has a concrete floor..(混凝土制的) 真题链接：（人教版高中选修2单元测试） Instead of talking about general ideas,let's discuss some examples A.concrete B.abstract C.difficult (答案：A) 9.thanks to短语幸亏；由于 词义辨析： thanks to:表示“幸亏、由于”，后接名词或名词短语，多含积极意义，指多亏了某人或某事才 得以成功或避免不好的结果。 because of:侧重“因为、由于”，后接名词或名词短语，可表示积极或消极的原因，语气较中性。 同义替换： because of,owing to 例句： Thanks to your help,we finished the work on time. 真题链接：（人教版高中选修2课后练习） the good weather,we had a wonderful picnic in the park A.Thanks to B.Instead of C.Apart from(答案：A) l0.finding/'famdu/n.发现；调查结果；（法律）判决 词义辨析： 高中选修2人教 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 finding:指“（调查、研究的）结果、发现”，常用复数形式findings:也可指“（法律）判决”。 discovery:侧重“发现”，指首次发现以前不为人知的事物、地方或事实。 同义替换： discovery,.result(指“调查结果”时) 例句： The research findings were published in a famous journal.(调查结果) The discovery of oil changed the country's economy.( 真题链接：（人教版高中选修2同步练习） The team's showed that the new drug was effective. A.findings B.mistakes C.promises(答案：A) 11.substantial/sab'staen[1/adj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的 词义辨析： ubstantial:指“大量的”（数量或程度上、“价值巨大的”或“重大的”（指事物重要、有实质 内容)，强调“实质的、具体的”。 large:普通用词，仅指“数量大的、尺寸大的”，应用范围广。 同义替换： lage,significant(指“重大的”时)，considerable(指“大量的”时) 例句： There has been a substantial increase in sales this year.(大量的增长) The project will bring substantial benefits to the local area.(重大的利益) 综合演练 综合练习 一、单项选择 1.The company plans to the number of employees by 20%next year to reduce costs. A.increase B.decrease C.develop 2.The invention of electricity has the world completely,changing people's daily life. A.transformed B.remembered C.forgotten 3.The step in learning a language is to build a basic vocabulary. 5 高中选修2人教 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 A.initial B.final C.ordinary 4.The bridge is built with materials to ensure its safety during earthquakes. A.solid B.weak C.soft 5.The street lights a warm glow on the road,making it bright at night A.cast B.caught C.carried 6.They sat in the of the building to avoid the strong sunlight A.shadow B.sun C.rain 7.After the heavy rain,water into the basement through the cracks. A.poured B.walked C.climbed 8.We need solutions to solve this problem,not just empty talk. A.concrete B.abstract C.difficult 9. the teacher's guidance,I finally understood the mathematical problem. A.Thanks to B.Instead of C.Apart from 10.The research team's will be presented at the international conference next month A.findings B.mistakes C.promises 二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1. The government has taken measures to (减少)air pollution in recent years.. 6 高中选修2人教 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 2.Technology has the power to (改变)our lives in unexpected ways. 3.The (最初的)plan was to start the project in spring,but it was delayed.. 4.The old castle has a(坚实的)stone wall that has stood for centuries.. 5.The candle a long shadow on the wall in the dark room. 6.We found a cool (阴影)under the big tree and had our lunch there. 7.She (a glass of milk for her little brother before he went to bed. 8.The architect showed us some_(具体的)designs for the new library. 9. (his quick reaction,the child was saved from the fire. 10.The scientists were excited about their new (发现)in the field of medicine. 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The number of cars on the road has(decrease)since the new traffic policy was introduced. 2.This machine can (transform)wind energy into electricity. 3.After the (initial)discussion,we decided to postpone the meeting to next week. 4.The table is made of (solid)oak,so it's very heavy. 5.She (cast)a quick glance at the clock and realized she was late. 6.The dog's_ (shadow)followed it everywhere it went in the sun. 7.It started to rain heavily,and water(pour)down from the roof. 8.We need (concrete)evidence to prove his innocence. 9. (thank)to the volunteers,the charity event was a great success. 10.The research (find)have attracted the attention of many experts in the field. 四、完成句子（每空一词) 1.这个城市的人口在过去十年中减少了15%。 The population of this city has 15%in the past ten years. 2.互联网把我们的世界变成了一个地球村。 The Internet has our world a global village. 1 高中选修2人教 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 3.最初的问题解决后，项目进展顺利。 After the problem was solved,the project went on smoothly. 4.这座房子有坚实的基础，能够抵御强风。 The house has a foundation that can withstand strong winds. 5.月亮把银光照在平静的湖面上。 The moon its silver light the calm lake 五、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 In recent years,the world has seen many changes.Thanks to technology,our lives have been (1) (transform)in many ways.For example,the initial problem of communication over long distances has been solved by the Internet.People can now talk to each other instantly,which has(2) (decrease)the sense of distance between people. In cities,we can see many (3)(concrete)buildings and solid bridges.Street lights cast a bright glow at night,making the roads safe.Sometimes,when it rains heavily,water pours into the streets, but the drainage system usually handles it quickly. Scientists have made many important(4)(find)in recent years.Their research findings have helped us understand the world better.For instance,they have found that plants grow better in the shadow of tall trees,as they can avoid direct sunlight. Overall,these changes have brought substantial benefits to human life.We should be grateful for the progress we have made and continue to work hard for a better future. 参考答案 I.单项选择 1.B2.A3.A4.A5.A6.A7.A8.A9.A10.A Ⅱ.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.decrease 2.transform 3.initial 4.solid 5.cast 6.shadow 7.poured 8.concrete 9.Thanks 10.findings I.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.decreased 2.transform 3.initial 4.solid 5.cast 6.shadow 7.poured 8.concrete 9.Thanks 10.findings 8 高中选修2人教 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 V.完成句子 1.decreased by 2.transformed;into 3.initial 4.solid 5.cast;on V.语篇填空 1.transformed 2.decreased 3.concrete 4.findings 9