Unit 4 Natural disasters一-2025-2026学年高中英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲必修第一册（人教版）

高中必修一人教 【核心精讲】 Unit4词义辨析及同义替换 核心精讲 【Unit4】Natural disasters 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 本单元核心词汇 一、全部单元单词 tornado/to:'neidau/n.龙卷风；援 damage/'daemId/n.&t.损害； 旋风 helicopter/helikppta(r)/n.直升 损失 drought/dravt/n.旱灾：干旱 机 destroy/d'stroI/vt.摧毁；毁灭 landslide/'laendslaid/n.(山地或death/deθ/n.s死；死亡 evacuate/I'vaekjvert/t.疏散：撤 悬崖的)崩塌；滑坡 affect/'fekt/t.影响：（疾病）出：vi.撤离 1 ood /flad/n.洪水；大量：vi.淹侵袭：深深打动 heal /hi:1/vi.&vt.治愈；（使）康 没：大量涌入；t.使灌满水：淹shelter∫elt(r)/n.避难处：居复：解决（问题）：消除（分歧） 没 所：庇护：t.保护；掩蔽：vi.quake /kweik/n.震动；地震 rescue/reskju:/n.&t.营救：救躲避（风雨或危险） rubble/'rb()l/n.碎石：瓦砾 词义辨析及同义替换 1. affect/a'fekt/t.影响；（疾病）侵袭：深深打动 词义辨析： affect:通常用作动词，侧重表示对人或事物产生的影响，可能是情感上的，也可能是物理上的 influence:可作动词或名词，强调通过间接方式对某人的思想、行为等产生潜移默化的影响。 同义替换： influence,impact 例句： The bad weather will affect our plan to have a picnic this weekend. 真题链接：（人教版高中必修一同步练习） The noise from the street our study. A.affect B.influence C.effects(答案：A) 2.damage/'demd3/n.&t.损害；损失 词义辨析： damage::指对事物造成部分损害，程度较轻，通常可以修复。作名词时，常用复数形式damages 高中必修一人教 【核心精讲】 Unit4词义辨析及同义替换 表示“赔偿金”。 destroy:强调彻底破坏，使其无法修复，程度较重。 同义替换： harm,injure 例句： The storm caused a lot of damage to the houses in the village. 真题链接：（人教版高中必修一单元测试） The fire the building completely,and nothing was left. A.damaged B.destroyed C.harmed(答案：B) 3.shelter∫elta(r)/n.避难处：居所：庇护；t.保护；掩蔽：vi.躲避（风雨或危险） 词义辨析： shelter:侧重指在危险或恶劣环境中提供的保护或避难所，可作名词或动词。 refuges:主要作名词，指躲避危险或灾难的安全场所，更正式一些。 同义替换： refuge,protection 例句： Many people found shelter in the school during the flood. 真题链接：（人教版高中必修一同步练习） The mountain village served as a for the people whose homes were destroyed in the earthquake. A.shelter B.house C.place (答案：A) 4.rescue/'reskju:/n.&t.营救；救援 词义辨析： rescue:强调从危险或困境中迅速、果断地救出某人或某物，常与fom搭配。 ave:含义更广泛，不仅指从危险中救出，还可表示“节省、储蓄”等，使用范围较广。 同义替换： save,deliver 例句： The firefighters rescued three children from the burning building. 真题链接：（人教版高中必修一单元测试） The doctors tried their best to the patient's life. A.rescue B.save C.help (答案：B) 5.heal /hi:l/vi.&t.治愈：（使）康复；解决（问题）：消除（分歧） 词义辨析： heal:主要指伤口、疾病等的愈合、康复，也可用于比喻义“解决间题、消除分歧”。 cre:侧重指治愈疾病，使病人恢复健康，宾语通常是疾病或病人。 2 高中必修一人教 【核心精讲】 Unit4词义辨析及同义替换 同义替换： cure,recover 例句： Time can heal all wounds 真题链接：（人教版高中必修一同步练习） This kind of medicine can your headache quickly. A.heal B.cure C.treat (答案：B) 6.1ood/fAd/n.洪水；大量；vi.淹没：大量涌入；t.使灌满水淹没 词义辨析： flood:指大量的水淹没土地等，也可指人或物大量涌入。 inundate:正式用词，指被水淹没，也可表示“使应接不暇”，语气比flood强。 同义替换： inundate,overflow 例句： After the heavy rain,the river flooded the nearby fields 真题链接：（人教版高中必修一单元测试） Letters the office after the advertisement was put on TV. A.flooded B.filled C.came (答案：A) 7.quake /kwerk/n.震动：地震 词义辨析： quake:通常指较强烈的震动，尤指地震，是较为通俗的说法。 earthquake:正式用词，指地震，是科学上常用的名称。 同义替换： earthquake,tremor 例句： The quake caused many buildings to collapse. 真题链接：（人教版高中必修一同步练习） A strong hit the area last night,and many people were injured. A.quake B.wind C.rain (答案：A) 8.evacuate/'vaekjoeit/.vt.疏散；撤出；vi.撤离 词义辨析： evacuate:指有组织地、大规模地从危险地区撤离人员。 with山aw:指从某个地方或活动中退出，可用于个人或集体，语气相对较弱。 同义替换： withdraw,remove 3 高中必修一人教 【核心精讲】 Unit4词义辨析及同义替换 例句： The government ordered people to evacuate the area before the hurricane arrived. 真题链接：（人教版高中必修一单元测试） All the students were from the school building because of the fire alarm A.evacuated B.left C.gone (答案：A) 9.drought/drat/n.旱灾；千旱 词义辨析： drought:指长期缺乏雨水导致的干旱灾害，强调干旱的持续时间和严重性。 dryness::指干燥的状态，不一定达到旱灾的程度，范围较广。 同义替换： aridity,dry spell 例句： The drought in this area has lasted for three years. 真题链接：（人教版高中必修一同步练习） The has caused a shortage of food and water in the village. A.drought B.flood C.stom(答案：A) l0.landslide/'1 endslaId/n.(山地或悬崖的)崩塌：滑坡 词义辨析： landslide:指山坡上的大量泥土、岩石等突然下滑的现象。 avalanche::指雪崩，即大量的雪从山上滑落。 同义替换： landslip,mudslide 例句： The heavy rain caused a landslide,blocking the road. 真题链接：（人教版高中必修一单元测试） A occurred in the mountain area after the continuous rain. A.landslide B.earthquake C.flood(答案：A) l1.tornado/to:nerda/n.龙卷风；旋风 词义辨析： tornado::指一种强烈的旋转气流，通常形成于雷暴中，具有极大的破坏力，形状呈漏斗状。 hurricane:指发生在大西洋和东太平洋地区的热带气旋，规模较大，持续时间较长。 同义替换： cyclone,twister 例句： The tornado destroyed many houses in the small town. 高中必修一人教 【核心精讲】 Unit4词义辨析及同义替换 真题链接：（人教版高中必修一同步练习） A powerful hit the coastal city,bringing strong winds and heavy rain. A.tornado B.hurricane C.snowstorm (答案：B) 12.ubble/'rab()/n.碎石：瓦砾 词义辨析： ubble:指建筑物等被破坏后产生的碎石、碎砖等。 debris:泛指各种碎片、残骸，范围更广，不仅包括建筑碎片，还可指其他物体的碎片。 同义替换： debris,fragments 例句： The rescuers were searching for survivors in the rubble 真题链接：（人教版高中必修一同步练习） After the earthquake,the streets were covered with A.rubble B.stones C.sand (答案：A) 13.death/de6/n.死：死亡 词义辨析： death:普通用词，指生命的终结，是不可数名词。 dying:指“dying”是die的现在分词，可作形容词，表示“垂死的、临终的”。 同义替换： demise,passing 例句： His grandfather's death made him very sad 真题链接：（人教版高中必修一同步练习) The doctor tried his best to save the patient's life,but came soon A.death B.die C.dying (答案：A) 14.helicopter/helikopta(r)/n.直升机 词义辨析： helicopter:指一种能够垂直起降的飞行器，依靠旋翼飞行。 plane:指普通的固定翼飞机，需要跑道起降。 同义替换： chopper(口语) 例句： The injured people were taken to the hospital by helicopter. 真题链接：（人教版高中必修一同步练习） is hovering over the building to rescue the people trapped inside. A.helicopter B.plane C.ship(答案：A) 高中必修一人教 【核心精讲】 Unit4词义辨析及同义替换 综合演练 综合练习 一、 单项选择 1.The sudden change of weather will the growth of the crops in the field. A.affect B.influence C.effects 2.The earthquake _many houses,but some of them can still be repaired. A.damaged B.destroyed C.harmed 3.During the heavy rainstorm,the local school was used as a for the homeless families A.shelter B.house C.place 4.The lifeguards managed to the drowning child from the rough sea. A.rescue B.save C.help 5.This new treatment can effectively_ _patients with heart disease. A.heal B.cure C.treat 6.After the concert,fans the stage to get close to their favorite singer. A.flooded B.filled C.came 7.A strong struck the city last night,causing several buildings to shake violently. A.quake B.wind C.rain 8.The government ordered all residents to the area before the volcano erupted. A.evacuate 6 高中必修一人教 【核心精讲】 Unit4词义辨析及同义替换 B.withdraw C.leave 9.The long in this region has led to a serious shortage of drinking water. A.drought B.flood C.storm 10.The rescue team found the missing hiker under the of the collapsed mountain. A.rubble B.stones C.sand 二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.The heavy rain caused a (洪水)that covered the entire village 2.Time is the best medicine to (治愈)emotional pain. 3.The (直升机)arrived quickly to transport the injured to the hospital. 4.The (死亡)of his pet dog made the little boy very sad. 5.The villagers built a (避难处)to protect themselves from the storm. 6.The firefighters tried their best to (the people trapped in the burning building. 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The doctor said her wound would (heal)in about two weeks 2.The noise from the construction site (affect)our daily life seriously. 3.Thousands of people were (evacuate)from their homes due to the flood. 4.The old temple was completely (destroy)in the earthquake. 5.The government provided (shelter)for the victims of the disaster 四、完成句子 1.The volunteers are working hard to (从废墟中救出幸存者) 2.This kind of plant can (在干旱条件下生长)without much water. > 高中必修一人教 【核心精讲】 Unit4词义辨析及同义替换 3.The teacher's encouragement (对他的决定产生了影响) 4.After the storm.the river (淹没了附近的农田) 五、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 Last summer,a terrible flood hit our town.Heavy rain fell for three days,and the river soon (flood/inundate)the streets.Many people had to leave their homes and seek(shelter/refuge) in the local school.The government sent(helicopters/planes)to rescue those trapped on the roofs.Firefighters worked day and night to(rescue/save)people from the water.Doctors and nurses set up temporary clinics to (heal/cure)the injured.After the flood,the town was covered in (rubble/debris),but people helped each other to rebuild their homes.It took months for the town to」 (heal/recover)from the disaster,but everyone was grateful for the support they received. 参考答案 I单项选择 1.A2.A3.A4.A5B6.A7.A 8.A9.A10.A Ⅱ根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.flood 2.heal 3.helicopter 4.death 5.shelter 6.rescue I用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.heal 2.affects 3.evacuated 4.destroyed 5.shelter V.完成句子 1.rescue survivors from the rubble 2.grow in drought conditions 3.influenced his decision 4.flooded the nearby fields V.语篇填空 1.flooded 2.shelter 3.helicopters 4rescue 5.treat 6.debris 7.recover P