Unit 1 Science Fiction 一-2025-2026学年高中英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲选择性必修第四册（人教版）

高中选修4人教 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 寒假专版 【Unit 1】Science Fiction 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 本单元核心词汇 一、全部单元单词 fiction/'fik/n.小说：虚构的 dignity/'dignati/n.庄重：庄严；suspend/sa'spend/t.悬；挂：暂 事 尊严 停；暂缓 science fiction(informal sci-f)salary/'sri/n.薪水：薪金ladder/'lada(r)/n.梯子；阶梯 (abbr.SF)短语科幻小说（或影absurd/b's3:dadj.荒谬的：荒dismiss/ds'mst.让（某人）离 片等) 唐的 开：解散：解雇；消除 test out短语检验：测试 appointment/A'p3 intmant/.n.预declare/di'kea(r)/t.表明；宣 bonus/bans/n.意外收获：奖约：约会：委任 称：公布 金；红利 nail /nerl/.n.指甲；趾甲；钉子whereas/wear'ez/conj.然而： more like短语更像是：更接近t.(用钉子)钉牢；固定 但是：尽管 ridiculous'dikjalas/adj.愚蠢saleswoman/'seilzwoman/n.女rumour/'iuna(r)/n.谣言：传闻 的：荒谬的；荒唐的 售货员；女推销员 presume /prI'zju:m;NAmE- integrity/m'tegrati/n.诚实正直；guilty/'glti/adj.内疚的：有罪 'zum/t.&vi.假设：假定 完整；完好 的：有过失的 词义辨析及同义替换 1.ridiculous /r'dikjalas/adj.愚蠢的；荒谬的：荒唐的 词义辨析： ridiculous: 强调因不合常理、愚蠢而令人发笑，程度较深，含嘲讽意味。 absurd:侧重指“不合逻辑、违背常理”，强调事物本身的荒谬性，语气比ridiculous更正式。 同义替换： absurd,foolish 例句： It's ridiculous to spend so much money on a useless gift 真题链接：（人教版高中选修4同步练习） The idea that the earth is flat was considered by most scientists. A.absurd 高中选修4人教 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 B.ridiculous C.guilty (答案：A) 2.absurd/b's3:d/adj.荒谬的：荒唐的 词义辨析： absurd:指“违背常理、不切实际”，如荒谬的理论或行为。 ridiculous: 强调“愚蠢可笑”，多用于描述人或行为的滑稽可笑。 同义替换： ridiculous,irrational 例句： It's absurd to believe that you can learn a language well in one day. 真题链接：（人教版高中选修4单元测试) The plot of the story was so that no one could believe it. A.ridiculous B.absurd C.guilty (答案：B) 3.declare/d'kle(r)/t.表明；宣称；公布 词义辨析： declare:正式、公开地“声明、宣布”，如宣战、声明立场，语气较正式。 announce: 侧重“通知、宣告”，如宣布消息、计划等，对象多为公众。 同义替换： announce,state 例句： The government declared a state of emergency after the earthquake. 真题链接：（人教版高中选修4阅读填空） The president that new policies would be carried out next month. A.declared B.announced C.dismissed (答案：A) 4.presumeprr'zjum/t.&vi.假设：假定 词义辨析： presume:指基于证据或常识“推测、假定”，含“认为是理所当然”之意。 assume:指毫无根据的“假设、臆断”，强调主观推测。 同义替换： assume,suppose 例句： We mustn't presume the suspect is guilty before the trial. 高中选修4人教 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 真题链接：（人教版高中选修4语法填空） I that you have heard the news,so I won't repeat it. A.presume B.assume C.declare (答案：A) 5.dismiss/ds'mIst.让（某人）离开；解散：解雇：消除 词义辨析： dismiss:正式“解雇、开除”员工，或“驳回”观点、请求。 fire:口语化“解雇”，语气直接，如fire an employee。 同义替换： fire,reject 例句： The manager dismissed the idea of reducing salaries 真题链接：（人教版高中选修4完形填空） He was from his job because of his dishonesty. A.dismissed B.suspended C.declared (答案：A) 6.suspend/sa'spend/t.悬；挂：暂停；暂缓 词义辨析： suspend:指“暂停、暂缓”活动、职务等，可恢复，如suspend a meeting。 delay:侧重因客观原因“推迟”，如delay the flight。. 同义替换： pause,postpone 例句： The school suspended classes due to the heavy snow. 真题链接：（人教版高中选修4单选） The game was because of the rain A.suspended B.delayed C.dismissed (答案：A) 7.guilty/'glti/adj.内疚的：有罪的；有过失的 词义辨析： guilty:指“犯罪的、有罪的”，或因做错事而“内疚的”。 ashamed:侧重因羞愧、不体面而“惭愧的”，如ashamed of lying。 3 高中选修4人教 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 同义替换： ashamed,culpable 例句： She felt guilty for not telling the truth to her parents 真题链接：（人教版高中选修4阅读理解） The thief admitted his crime and looked A.guilty B.ashamed C.ridiculous (答案：A) 8.dignity/'dignati/n.庄重：庄严；尊严 词义辨析： dignity:指人或事物的“尊严、庄重”，强调内在的高贵气质。 honor:侧重“荣誉、敬意”，如赢得荣誉、尊重他人。 同义替换： honor,self-respect 例句： Every person has the right to live with dignity. 真题链接：（人教版高中选修4短文改错） We should treat the elderly with dignity and respect.( 9.integrity/m'tegrati/n.诚实正直；完整；完好 词义辨析： integrity:指“诚实正直的品格”或“事物的完整性”。 honesty:仅指“诚实、不撒谎”，侧重言行真实。 同义替换： honesty,uprightness 例句： A leader should be a person of integrity. 真题链接：（人教版高中选修4写作） He is respected by everyone because of his and hard work. A.integrity B.honesty C.dignity (答案：A) l0.whereas./wear'ez/conj.然而：但是；尽管 词义辨析： whereas:用于对比或转折，引出相反情况，较正式。 while:可表“当…时”，也可用于对比，语气较口语化。 高中选修4人教 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 同义替换： while,however 例句： Some people love city life,whereas others prefer living in the countryside. 真题链接：（人教版高中选修4语法填空） She is interested in art, her brother prefers science. A.whereas B.while C.but (答案：A) 11.salary/'saelari/n.薪水；薪金 词义辨析： salary:指按月、年发放的“固定薪水”，多用于脑力劳动者。 wage:指按小时、周发放的“工资”，多用于体力劳动者。 同义替换： pay,income 例句： The job offers a high salary and good benefits. 真题链接：（人教版高中选修4听力填空） His monthly is enough to support his family. A.salary B.wage C.bonus (答案：A) 12.bonus/baunas/n.意外收获：奖金；红利 词义辨析： bonus:指“奖金、红利”，如年终奖、绩效奖，或“额外收获”。 award: 侧重“奖品、奖励”，如竞赛奖项、荣誉奖。 同义替换： prize,reward 例句： The company gave all employees a Christmas bonus. 真题链接：（人教版高中选修4阅读理解） Workers will get a if they meet the sales target A.bonus B.salary C.award (答案：A) 5 高中选修4人教 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 综合演练 综合练习 一、单项选择 1.The belief that the sun revolves around the earth was once consideredby scientists. A.absurd B.ridiculous C.guilty 2.The company that all employees must attend the safety training next week A.declared B.announced C.dismissed 3.We shouldn't his innocence without any evidence. A.presume B.assume C.declare 4.The workers were from their jobs after the factory closed down. A.dismissed B.suspended C.declared 5.The football match was because of the storm,and it will continue tomorrow A.suspended B.delayed C.dismissed 二、根据句意及首字母提示填空 1.It'sr to spend all your money on unnecessary things. 2.The president d that the country would celebrate its 70th anniversary next month. 3.Don't p that everyone will agree with your plan;we need to discuss it first. 4.She felt g for lying to her best friend. 5.Teachers should treat students with d and respect. 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 6 高中选修4人教 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 1.The suspect was_ (declare)innocent after the trial. 2.We (presume)that you have finished the task,so we will check it tomorrow. 3.The manager(dismiss)the idea of cutting employees'salaries. 4.The school(suspend)classes last week due to the flu outbreak. 5.A person of (integrity)will always tell the truth 四、完成句子（每空一词) 1.这个理论如此荒谬，以至于没有人相信它。 The theory is so that no one believes it. 2.政府宣布将为受灾地区提供更多援助。 The government_ that more aid would be provided to the disaster area. 3.在没有证据之前，我们不能假定他有罪。 We can't him guilty without evidence. 4.他因不诚实被公司解雇了。 He was his job for dishonesty. 五、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 Scientists once thought the idea of human flight was (absurd/ridiculous). They (presumed/assumed)it was impossible until the Wright brothers proved them wrong.In 1903, the brothers (declared/announced)their successful flight to the world.However,some people still (dismissed/suspended)their achievement as a trick.Later,when more flights were made, the public finally accepted the truth.Today,we(presume/assume)air travel is safe and con- venient,but we should never forget the courage of those who challenged_ (absurd/ridiculous) ideas. 参考答案 I.单项选择 1.A2.A3.B4.A5.A 7 高中选修4人教 【寒假专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 IⅡ.根据句意及首字母提示填空 1.ridiculous 2.declared 3.presume 4.guilty 5.dignity I用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.declared 2.presume 3.dismissed 4.suspended 5.integrity V.完成句子 1.absurd 2.declared 3.presume;guilty 4.dismissed from V.语篇填空 1.absurd 2.assumed 3.announced 4.dismissed 5.presume 6.absurd 8