Unit 1 Science and Scientists 一-2025-2026学年高中英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲选择性必修第二册（人教版）

高中选修2人教 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及综合训练 精讲专版 【Unit 1】Science and Scientists 词义辨析及综合训练 本单元核心词汇 一、全部单元单词 cholera/'kplara/n.霍乱 germ/d33m/n.微生物；细菌：suspect/sa'spekt/.t.&vi.怀疑： severe/'vIar/adj.极为恶劣病菌 疑有；不信任/'sAspekt/n.犯罪 的：十分严重的：严厉的 subscribe/sab'skrarb/i.认购嫌疑人；可疑对象 diarrhoea/,da3'ria/n.腹泻 (股份)：定期订购；定期交纳（会blame/blem/t.把…归咎于： dehydration/di:har'dreifn/n. 费) 责怪；指责n.责备；指责 水 subscribe to短语同意；赞同handle/hend/n.把手；拉手： frustrated /frA'strertid/adj.懊恼proof /pru:f/n.证据；证明：检柄t.处理：搬动：操纵（车辆、 的：沮丧的：失意的 验 动物、工具等) once and for all短语最终地：彻 multiple/'mAltrpl/adj.数量多intervention/,mta'venfn/n.介 底地 的：多种多样的 入：出面：千涉 contr adictory /,kDntr3'diktari/pump /pAmp/.n.泵；抽水机；打link /lnk/n.联系；纽带t.把 adj.相互矛盾的：对立的：不一气筒 …连接起来：相关联 致的 water pump短语水泵 raw/adj.未煮的：生的：末 infection/m'fek.fn/n.感染；传household/'haushauld n.一家经处理的；原始的 染 人：家庭；同住一所（套）房子pure /pjoa(r)/adj.干净的：纯的： infect/m'fekt/vt.使感染；传染 的人 纯粹的 词义辨析及同义替换 1.severe/s'va()/adj.极为恶劣的：十分严重的；严厉的 词义辨析： severe: 侧重形容程度“严重的、剧烈的”，可用于描述天气、疾病、惩罚等，语气较强。 serious: 强调“严肃的、认真的”，可指人态度严肃或事情性质严重，但程度弱于severe。 同义替换： serious,strict 例句： The patient is suffering from severe dehydration. 高中选修2人教 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及综合训练 真题链接：（人教版高中选修2同步练习） The storm caused damage to the village. A.slight B.severe C.gentle (答案：B) 2.frustrated/frA'strertid/adj.懊恼的：沮丧的：失意的 词义辨析： frustrated:侧重因未达成目标或遇到阻碍而“感到沮丧的”，主语多为人。 disappointed:指因期望未实现而“失望的”，语气较平和。 同义替换： disappointed,upset 例句： He felt frustrated when he failed the experiment again 真题链接：（人教版高中选修2单元检测) She was because her efforts didn't lead to any progress. A.excited B.frustrated C.satisfied(答案：B) 3.contradictory/.kpntr3'diktari//adj.相互矛盾的：对立的；不一致的 词义辨析： contradictory: 强调事物之间“相互矛盾、对立”，如观点、说法等。 conflicting:侧重“冲突的、不协调的”，可指利益、意见等冲突。 同义替换： conflicting,opposite 例句： The two reports gave contradictory conclusions about the cause of the disease 真题链接：（人教版高中选修2阅读专项） His actions were with his promises,making others distrust him A.consistent B.contradictory C.similar (答案：B) 4.infect/m'fekt/t.使感染；传染 词义辨析： infect:侧重“感染（疾病）”，或比喻“影响（情绪、思想等）”，主语多为病菌或抽象事物。 fect:泛指“影响”，可指对人或事物产生作用，不局限于疾病。 同义替换： contaminate,affect 例句： The virus can infect humans through direct contact. 真题链接：（人教版高中选修2词汇运用） The bad mood everyone in the room,making the meeting tense. A.infected B.improved C.ignored (答案：A) 2 高中选修2人教 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及综合训练 5.suspect/sa'spekt/t.&vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任/'sAspekt/n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象 词义辨析： suspect(动词)：侧重“怀疑某事可能属实”，后接名词、从句或of doing。 doubt:指“不确定某事是否真实”，后接if/whether从句或that从句（否定句）。 同义替换： doubt,mistrust 例句： The police suspect him of stealing the money. 真题链接：（人教版高中选修2语法填空） She began to that her friend was hiding something from her. A.suspect B.believe C.confirm(答案：A) 6.blame /bleim/t.把…归咎于；责怪：指责n.责备；指责 词义辨析： blame:强调“将责任归咎于某人”，常用搭配blame sb.for sth./blame sth.onsb. accuse:指“指控、控告”，语气更正式，搭配accuse sb.of sth 同义替换： accuse,criticize 例句： Don't blame others for your own mistakes. 真题链接：（人教版高中选修2完形填空） The manager the staff for the delay in the project. A.praised B.blamed C.thanked (答案：B) 7.handle/'hend/n.把手；拉手；柄t.处理：搬动；操纵（车辆、动物、工具等） 词义辨析： handle(动词)：侧重“处理具体事务、操作工具或应对情况”，口语中常用。 deal with:含义更广，可指“处理问题、应对人或事”，与how连用。 同义替换： deal with,manage 例句： He is good at handling difficult situations. 真题链接：（人教版高中选修2单元测试） The new secretary can the paperwork efficiently. A.handle B.avoid C.ignore (答案：A) 8.link /lmk/n.联系：纽带t.把…连接起来；相关联 高中选修2人教 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及综合训练 词义辨析： lik:强调事物间的“逻辑联系或物理连接”，可用于主动或被动语态。 connect: 侧重“通过媒介连接”，如电线、网络等，也可指抽象关联。 同义替换： connect,relate 例句： Scientists have linked smoking to lung cancer. 真题链接：（人教版高中选修2阅读理解） The study _air pollution to an increase in respiratory diseases. A.compared B.linked C.separated (答案：B) 9.pure/pjva(r)/adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的 词义辨析： pure:强调“纯净的、无杂质的”，可指物质纯度或思想纯粹。 clean:侧重“清洁的、无污垢的”，指表面干净。 同义替换： clean,unadulterated 例句： The villagers drink water from a pure mountain spring. 真题链接：（人教版高中选修2词汇辨析） This brand claims its products are made of natural ingredients. A.pure B.dirty C.mixed (答案：A) l0.raw /ro:/adj.未煮的：生的；未经处理的：原始的 词义辨析： raw:指“生的、未加工的”，如食物、材料等，也可指“原始数据”。 cude:侧重“粗糙的、未精炼的”，如原油(crude oil),语气较正式。 同义替换： uncooked,unprocessed 例句： Eating raw fish can sometimes cause infection. 真题链接：（人教版高中选修2单元练习） The factory processes materials into finished products A.raw B.cooked C.refined (答案：A) 11.subscribe to短语同意；赞同 词义辨析： bscribe to:指“同意观点、理论等”，后接名词或从句。 agree with:强调“与某人意见一致”或“（食物、气候等）适合”。 高中选修2人教 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及综合训练 同义替换： agree with,approve of 例句： Most scientists subscribe to the theory of evolution. 真题链接：（人教版高中选修2语法填空) Do you to the idea that success comes from hard work? A.subscribe B.object C.admit(答案：A) 12.proof /pru:f/n.证据；证明；检验 词义辨析： proof:侧重“能证实某事的证据”，不可数名词，强调结论的确定性。 evidence:泛指“证据”，可数或不可数，可指实物、证词等，不一定能直接证明。 同义替换： evidence,testimony 例句： The police found proof that he was at the crime scene. 真题链接：（人教版高中选修2阅读理解） There is no that the medicine can cure the disease completely. A.proof B.doubt C.problem (答案：A) 综合演练 综合练习 一、 单项选择 1.The earthquake caused_damage to the city,leaving thousands homeless. A.slight B.severe C.gentle 2.She feltwhen she failed to get into her dream university after months of hard work. A.excited B.frustrated C.satisfied 3.His words werewith his actions,making it hard for others to trust him A.consistent B.contradictory 5 高中选修2人教 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及综合训练 C.similar 4.The virus canpeople through droplets in the air. A.infect B.improve C.ignore 5.The police that the suspect had left the country before the investigation started. A.suspect B.believe C.confirm 6.Don't_your parents for your own laziness;take responsibility instead. A.praise B.blame C.thank 7.The new software makes it easier to_complex data and generate reports. A.handle B.avoid C.ignore 8.Recent studies haveregular exercise to a lower risk of heart disease A.compared B.linked C.separated 9.This water is so that you can drink it directly from the spring. A.pure B.dirty C.mixed 10.The factory importsmaterials from abroad and processes them into high-quality products. A.raw B.cooked C.refined 二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.The doctor warned that the patient's condition was(and required immediate treatment 2.He was because he couldn't solve the math problem after trying many times. 6 高中选修2人教 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及综合训练 3.There are_(相互矛盾的)reports about the cause of the accident,.so the investigation is still ongoing 4.It's important to wash hands frequently to avoid being()by germs. 5.The police have no()to prove that he was at the crime scene. 6.Do you(to the idea that environmental protection should be a top priority? 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The teacher's(strict)with us helped us develop good study habits. 2.She was(disappointed when her team lost the game,but she still encouraged her teammates. 3.The two stories gave(conflicting)information,so we couldn't decide which one was true. 4.The bad news(affect)everyone in the office,making the atmosphere very heavy. 5.I(doubt)whether he will keep his promise,as he has broken it before. 四、完成句子（每空一词) 1.科学家已经将吸烟与多种疾病联系起来。 Scientists havesmoking many kinds of diseases. 2.他因为项目失败而责怪自己。 He himself the failure of the project. 3.这个新系统能够高效处理大量数据。 The new system canlarge amounts of data efficiently. 4.没有证据表明这种药对所有患者都有效。 There is no_that this medicine works for all patients. 5.她同意努力工作是成功的关键这一观点。 Shethe idea that hard work is the key to success. 五、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 7 高中选修2人教 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及综合训练 A recent study has (1)(link/connect)air pollution to an increase in respiratory problems.Re- searchers say the findings provide(2)(proof/evidence)that long-term exposure to polluted air can be(3)-(severe/serious)harmful to health.Many people feel(4)-(frustrated/disappointed)because they can't avoid breathing polluted air,but experts suggest taking measures like wearing masks and using air purifiers to(5)(handle/deal with)the problem.Some also(6)(subscribe to/agree with) the idea that reducing industrial emissions is the root solution. 参考答案 I单项选择 1.B2B 3B4.A5.A6B7.A8.B9.A10.A IⅡ.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.severe 2.frustrated 3.contradictory 4.infected 5.proof 6.subscribe ⅡI.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.strictness 2.disappointed 3.conflicting 4.affected 5.doubt V.完成句子 1.linked;to 2.blamed;for 3.handle 4.proof 5.subscribes to V.语篇填空 1.linked 2.proof 3.severely 4.frustrated 5.handle 6.subscribe to P