Unit 1 Science Fiction三-2025-2026学年高中英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲选择性必修第四册（人教版）

高中选修4人教 【词义辨析精讲】 Unit 1 Science Fiction 词义辨析专版 【Unit 1】Science Fiction 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 本单元核心词汇 一、全部单元单词 backwards/'bekw3dz/NAmE使朝外：结果是 不可思议的 backward)adv..向后：倒着；往pace/pers/n.速度；步伐：节奏maximum/'maksimam/adj.最 回 t.&vi.确定速度；调整节奏 大极限的n.最大量；最大限度 grip/grpt.&vi.紧握：抓紧fall away短语（逐渐）减少：消explode/ik'splaod/vi..&t.爆 hazy/herzi/adj.模糊的：朦胧的；失 炸；爆破 困惑的 division /dr'vI3mn.分开：分隔；jolt/d3lt/h.震动；摇晃；颠簸 niece/ni:sh.侄女；外甥女 差异；除（法） vt.&vi.(使)震动：摇晃 fetch/fet[/vt.(去)拿来；（去）请puff /pAf/n.(烟、气等的)一缕；flip /flp/t.&i.(使)快速翻转： 来 少量；喘息 (用手指)轻抛 handkerchief /'hankat∫fm.手urge3:d3m.强烈的欲望；冲动stun/stn/t.使震惊；使昏迷 帕：纸巾 t.催促：力劝：大力推荐have mud /mAd/n.泥；泥浆 lamp /laemp/m.灯；台灯 an urge to有强烈的欲望做某事overstatement/'euvastertmant/n. turn out短语关掉；熄灭：在场：random/raendam/adj.随机的：夸大；夸张 词义辨析及同义替换 1.grip/grp/t.&vi.紧握；抓紧 词义辨析： gp:强调“牢牢抓住”，指用手指、手或工具等施加力量紧握，对象可以是具体物品或抽象概 念（如权力、注意力）。 grsp:侧重“理解、领会”，也可表示“抓住”，但更强调对事物本质的掌握。 同义替换： grasp,clutch 例句： He gripped the rope tightly to avoid falling. 真题链接：（人教版高中选修4同步练习） The little girl her mother's hand when crossing the street. 高中选修4人教 【词义辨析精讲】 Unit 1 Science Fiction A.hit B.gripped C.shook (答案：B) 2.fetch/fett.(去)拿来；（去）请来 词义辨析： fetch:强调“去某地把人或物带来”，包含“往返”动作。 bring:仅表示“从别处带到说话者处”，无“去”的过程。 take:表示“从说话者处带到别处”，方向与bring相反。 同义替换： get,collect 例句： Please fetch me a glass of water from the kitchen 真题链接：（人教版高中选修4单元测试） Can you the book on the top shelf for me?I can't reach it. A.fetch B.carry C.throw(答案：A) 3.pace /pers/n.速度；步伐：节奏t.&vi.确定速度：调整节奏 词义辨析： pace:侧重“行走或做事的节奏、速度”，可指自然的步伐或人为控制的速度。 speed:强调“运动的快速程度”，常与具体数值搭配（如high speed)。 rate:指“比率、速率”，更侧重单位时间内的频率或进度。 同义替换： speed,rhythm 例句： We need to pace ourselves to finish the project on time. 真题链接：（人教版高中选修4同步练习） The runner increased his in the last lap and won the race. A.pace B.size C.weight (答案：A) 4.rge3d3n.强烈的欲望；冲动t.催促：力劝：大力推荐 词义辨析： urge(动词)：强调“强烈催促或劝说”，语气比advise更迫切。 advise:侧重“提出建议”，语气较温和。 persuade:表示“说服某人做某事”，强调结果成功。 同义替换： persuade,push 例句： My friends urged me to apply for the job. 2 高中选修4人教 【词义辨析精讲】 Unit 1 Science Fiction 真题链接： (人教版高中选修4单元测试) The doctor him to give up smoking,but he didn't listen. A.urged B.allowed C.promised(答案：A) 5. maximum/maeksimam/adj.最大极限的n.最大量；最大限度 词义辨析： maximum:指“在一定范围内的最大值”，反义词是ninimum。 mninimum:表示“最小值”，与maximum相对。 peak:侧重“顶点、高峰”，指达到最高值的状态（如peak hour高峰时段）。 同义替换： utmost,greatest 例句： The maximum speed on this road is 60 km/h. 真题链接：（人教版高中选修4同步练习） You can carry a of 20 kilograms of luggage on the plane. A.minimum B.maximum C.number(答案：B) 6.explode/k'splaud/vi..&vt.爆炸；爆破 词义辨析： explode::强调“物体因内部压力而破裂并释放能量”，可指物理爆炸或情绪爆发（如explode with anger)。 burst:侧重“突然破裂”，常指气球、水管等因内部压力或外部挤压而破裂。 同义替换： burst,blow up 例句： The bomb exploded and caused a big fire. 真题链接：（人教版高中选修4单元测试） If you shake the bottle too hard,the gas inside will make it A.explode B.freeze C.float(答案：A) 7.jolt/d9t/m.震动：摇晃：颠簸vt.&vi.(使)震动：摇晃 词义辨析： jot:指“突然而刷烈的震动或摇晃”，常伴随冲击力（如汽车颠簸）。 shake:泛指“摇动、震动”，可轻可重，如shake hands握手。 tremble:侧重“因恐惧、寒冷等而颤抖”，主语多为人。 同义替换： shake,jostle 例句： The car jolted when it hit a stone on the road. 高中选修4人教 【词义辨析精讲】 Unit 1 Science Fiction 真题链接：（人教版高中选修4同步练习） The strong earthquake the houses and many people ran out in fear. A.jolted B.cleaned C.decorated (答案：A) 8.stun/stn/t.使震惊；使昏迷 词义辨析： :强调“因意外、打击等使人暂时失去知觉或思维混乱”，程度较重。 hock:指“因突然事件而感到震惊、震撼”，侧重心理上的冲击。 astonish:表示“因意外而惊讶”，语气比shock稍弱。 同义替换： shock,amaze 例句： The news of his death stunned everyone in the office. 真题链接：（人教版高中选修4单元测试） The sudden noise me,and I dropped the cup in my hand. A.stunned B.relaxed C.interested (答案：A) 9.urn out短语关掉；熄灭；在场：使朝外：结果是 词义辨析： turn out(结果是)：表示“最终情况与预期不同”，常用it作形式主语(It turns out that..)。 result in:强调“导致某种结果”，主语为原因，宾语为结果。 end up:侧重“最终处于某种状态或做某事”，常与doing搭配。 同义替换： prove to be,turn out to be 例句： It turned out that the stranger was my long-lost uncle. 真题链接：（人教版高中选修4同步练习） I thought the exam was hard,but it to be easier than I expected. A.turned out B.put off C.gave up (答案：A) l0.fall away短语（逐输减少：消失 词义辨析： fall away::强调“数量、强度等逐渐减少或消失”，如兴趣减退、人群散去。 die down:指“声音、火焰等逐渐减弱”，如风势die down。 fade away:侧重“慢慢消失、褪色”，可指记忆、声音等。 同义替换： decrease,diminish 例句： The support for the policy fell away after the scandal. 高中选修4人教 【词义辨析精讲】 Unit 1 Science Fiction 真题链接：（人教版高中选修4单元测试） As the night went on,the noise from the party and the street became quiet. A.fell away B.took off C.broke out (答案：A) 综合演练 综合练习 一、 单项选择 1.The hiker the rock tightly to avoid slipping down the cliff. A.hit B.gripped C.shook 2.Could you please my glasses from the desk in the bedroom?I can't get up now. A.fetch B.carry C.throw 3.To finish the marathon,you need to control your instead of running too fast at the start. A.pace B.size C.weight 4.The teacher students to hand in their homework before the deadline,but some still forgot. A.urged B.allowed C.promised 5.The sign says the number of passengers in this elevator is 10. A.minimum B.maximum C.number 6.The fireworks in the sky and lit up the whole night. A.exploded B.froze C.floated 7.The bus suddenly when it hit a pothole,making passengers nearly fall. A.jolted 高中选修4人教 【词义辨析精讲】 Unit 1 Science Fiction B.cleaned C.decorated 8.The news of the accident everyone present,and no one could say a word. A.stunned B.relaxed C.interested 9.I thought he was a stranger,but he to be my father's old friend. A.turned out B.put off C.gave up 10.As the storm passed,the strong winds and the sea became calm again. A.fell away B.took off C.broke out 二、根据句意及首字母提示填空 1.The little girl has a strong u to become a doctor when she grows up 2.The car increased its pand soon disappeared around the comner. 3.You must f the ball before it touches the ground in this game. 4.The maximum s_ on this highway is 120 km/h,so don't drive too fast. 5.The crowd began to faway after the concert ended. 6.The sudden explosion s all the people in the building 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.He (grip)the steering wheel tightly as the car skidded on the icy road. 2.My mother often (urge)me to eat more vegetables for better health 3.The project needs to be completed at a faster (pace)to meet the deadline. 4.It(turn out)that the lost key was in his pocket all the time. 5.The support for the new policy(fall away)after the public heard about its side effects. 6.The (maximum)temperature in summer here can reach 40 degrees Celsius. 6 高中选修4人教 【词义辨析精讲】 Unit 1 Science Fiction 四、完成句子（每空一词) 1.她紧握妈妈的手，害怕在人群中走散。 She her mother's hand tightly,afraid of getting lost in the crowd. 2.请帮我从办公室取一下那份文件，好吗？ Could you please that document for me from the office? 3.为了按时完成任务，我们需要调整工作节奏。 We need to our work to finish the task on time. 4.医生强烈建议他戒烟，但他没有听从。 The doctor him to give up smoking,but he didn't listen 5.结果证明，这个问题比我们想象的要简单得多。 比 much easier than we had thought. 五、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 When hiking in the mountains,safety is the first priority.First,always 1_ (grip)the handrail when walking on steep paths.Second,don't try to 2(fetch)things that are too far away,as you might lose balance.Third,control your 3(pace)to avoid getting tired quickly.If you feel unwell,don't ignore the 4(urge)to rest. Once,a group of hikers didn't follow these rules.They walked too fast,and one of them tried to climb a tree to 5(fetch)a rare flower.Suddenly,the branch broke,andhe fell.The fall 6 (jolt)his leg,but luckily,he wasn't seriously hurt.Later,they realized that their carelessness could have 7 (exploded)into a bigger accident.Finally,the number of mistakes they made 8 (fall away)as they learned to be more careful. 参考答案 I单项选择 1.B2.A3.A4.A5B6.A7.A8.A9.A10.A Ⅱ.根据句意及首字母提示填空 1.urge 2.pace 3.fetch 4.speed 5.fall 6.stunned ⅡI用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.gripped 2.urges 3.pace 4.turned out 5.fell away 6.maximum 7 高中选修4人教 【词义辨析精讲】Unit1 Science Fiction V.完成句子 1.gripped 2.fetch 3.pace 4.urged 5.turned;out;to;be V.语篇填空 1.grip 2.fetch 3.pace 4.urge 5.fetch 6.jolted 7.exploded 8.fell away 8