Unit 4 Natural disasters二-2025-2026学年高中英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲必修第一册（人教版）

高中必修一人教 【Unit4】 Natural disasters 必修一 【Unit4】Natural disasters 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 本单元核心词汇 一、全部单元单词 ruin'ru:m/n.废墟；毁坏；t.bury/be/t.埋葬；安葬 苦、悲伤等)受苦：受难：受折 破坏；毁灭 calm /kam/t.&vi.(使)平磨：t.遭受：蒙受 in ruins严重受损；破败不堪 静；（使）镇定；adj.平静的：镇suffer from遭受：患病 survivor/sa'varve(r)/n.幸存者；静的；沉着的 unify /'ju:nifar/vi.&vt. 统 生还者：残存物 calm down平静下来：镇定下来一：（使）成一体 shock小ok/t.使震惊；使惊愕；effort/eft/n.努力；艰难的尝smart/sna:t/adj.聪明的：机敏 n.震惊：惊愕；休克 试：尽力 的：智能的 electricity/h,lek'trisitr/n.电；电wisdom/'wizdom/n.智慧：才智phone/fan/n.电话：电话机； 能 context/'kontekst/n.上下文；语t.&vi.打电话 trap /traep/t.使落入险境：使境 陷入圈套；n.险境：陷阱 suffer/'sAfa(r)/vi.(因疾病、痛 词义辨析及同义替换 1.uin/'u:n/n.废墟：毁坏；t.破坏；毁灭 词义辨析： u:作动词时侧重”逐渐破坏，最终导致毁灭”，可用于抽象事物（如希望、名誉）或具体事物： 作名词”废墟”时常用复数形式ruins。 destroy:强调'彻底摧毁，无法修复”，程度比ruin更重，宾语多为建筑物、生命等具体事物。 同义替换： destroy,damage,destruction 例句： The heavy rain ruined the crops in the field. 真题链接：（人教版高中必修一同步练习） After the earthquake,many ancient buildings lay in_ A.ruin B.ruins C.destroy (答案：B) 高中必修一人教 【Umit4】 Natural disasters 2.sock小okt.使震惊：使惊愕：n.震惊：惊愕；休克 词义辨析： h0ck:作动词时指”因意外或可怕的事而震惊”；作名词”震惊’时为不可数名词。 surprise:侧重”因未预料到的事而感到意外”，程度轻于shock。 同义替换： astonish,amaze,surprise 例句： The news of the accident shocked everyone in the class. 真题链接：（人教版高中必修一单元检测） Her sudden death was a great to her family. A.shock B.surprise C.joy (答案：A) 3.calm /ka:m/t.&v.(使)平静：（使）镇定；adj.平静的：镇静的：沉着的 词义辨析： calm:作形容词时指”人情绪平静或环境无风的'；作动词侧重”使激动的人或物平静下来”。 quit:侧重”环境安静或人性格文静，不吵闹”。 同义替换： peaceful,composed,soothe 例句： He took a deep breath to calm himself down before the speech 真题链接：（人教版高中必修一同步练习） The sea was and we could see the fish clearly in the water. A.calm B.quiet C.still (答案：A) 4.suffer/'sfa(r)/vi.(因疾病、痛苦等)受苦：t.遭受：蒙受 词义辨析： suffer:作不及物动词时常用suffer from结构，后接疾病、痛苦等：作及物动词时直接接损失、伤 害等名词。 bear:侧重”忍受困难、痛苦等'，强调主观承受能力。 同义替换： endure,undergo,tolerate 例句： Many people in the area suffered from the flood last year. 真题链接：（人教版高中必修一单元检测） The company a heavy loss because of the fire. A.suffered B.bore C.stood(答案：A) 5.effort/eft/n.努力；艰难的尝试：尽力 2 高中必修一人教 【Umit4】 Natural disasters 词义辨析： effort:指'为达成目标而付出的努力”，可作可数或不可数名词，常用搭配make an effort(努力)。 ttempt::侧重”尝试做某事，不一定成功”，常与todo连用。 同义替换： endeavor,attempt,try 例句： With great effort,she finally passed the exam. 真题链接：（人教版高中必修一同步练习） Please make an to arrive on time tomorrow. A.effort B.attempt C.trial (答案：A) 6.trap /trap/t.使落入险境：使陷入圈套；n.险境；陷阱 词义辨析： t即：作动词时指”使人或动物陷入困境或圈套”：作名词”陷阱”时既可指实物也可指抽象的”圈 套”。 catch:侧重”抓住移动的人或物”，如catch a thief(抓小偷)。 同义替换： catch,snare,dilemma 例句： The hikers were trapped in the mountain by the heavy snow 真题链接：（人教版高中必修一单元检测） The police set a_ to catch the thief who stole bikes. A.trap B.net C.plan (答案：A) 7.bury/ber/t.埋葬：安葬；隐藏 词义辨析： buy:指”将尸体、物体埋入土中”，也可比喻”隐藏情感、记忆等”，常用搭配bury oneself in(埋 头于)。 cover:侧重”覆盖表面'，如cover the table with a cloth(用布盖桌子)。 同义替换： inter,hide,conceal 例句： He buried his face in his hands and cried 真题链接：（人教版高中必修一同步练习） After the war,the soldiers their dead comrades in the battlefield. A.buried B.covered C.hid (答案：A) 8.in ruins严重受损；破败不堪 3 高中必修一人教 【Umit4】 Natural disasters 词义辨析： in ruins:指’建筑物或地方因灾难、时间等而严重受损，成为废墟”，是固定短语。 destroyed:为动词destroy的过去分词，强调”被彻底摧毁'，需与be动词连用。 同义替换： in a mess,destroyed,ruined 例句： The ancient city lay in ruins after the earthquake 真题链接：（人教版高中必修一单元检测） When we arrived,the old temple was already A.in ruins B.destroyed C.broken (答案：A) 9.calm down平静下来；镇定下来 词义辨析： calm down:指”使人或自己从激动、紧张的情绪中平静下来”，既可及物也可不及物。 settle down:侧重”开始过安稳的生活或静下心来做某事”，如settle down to work(静下心来工 作)。 同义替换： cool down,compose oneself 例句： The teacher asked the students to calm down before the exam. 真题链接：（人教版高中必修一同步练习） You need to】 and tell me what happened exactly. A.calm down B.set down C.break down(答案：A) 10.suffer from遭受：患病 词义辨析： suffer from:固定搭配，指”长期遭受疾病、痛苦、自然灾害等”，fiom后接具体的原因。 suffer for:指'因某事而受苦'，for后接抽象的原因，如suffer for one's mistakes(因错误而受苦)。 同义替换： be affected by,be troubled with 例句： She has been suffering from a headache for three days 真题链接：（人教版高中必修一单元检测） Many people in the areathe bad air last winter. A.suffered from B.suffered for C.heard from (答案：A) 11.smart/sma:t/adj.聪明的；机敏的：智能的 高中必修一人教 【Unit4】 Natural disasters 词义辨析： smat:指”人聪明、思维敏捷”或'物体智能的”，如smart phone(智能手机)。 clever:侧重”学习能力强，善于解决问题'，口语中常用。 同义替换： intelligent,clever,wise 例句： He is a smart boy who can solve math problems quickly. 真题链接：（人教版高中必修一同步练习） This watch can connect to the Internet and make calls. A.smart B.clever C.wise (答案：A) l2.unify/ju:nrfa/i.&vt.统一：（使）成一体 词义辨析： unify:指”将不同的部分或群体合并为一个整体”，强调结果的一致性。 unite:侧重”为共同目标而联合，团结'，如unite to fight against enemies(联合抗敌)。 同义替换： unite,integrate,combine 例句： The country was unified after years of war 真题链接：（人教版高中必修一单元检测） The government tried to the two groups through peaceful talks A.unify B.unite C.connect (答案：A) 综合演练 综合练习 一、 单项选择 1.The storm last night many houses in the village,and some are now impossible to repair A.ruined B.destroyed C.damaged 2.The news of the accident all the students in the classroom,and no one could say a word for minutes. A.surprised B.shocked 5 高中必修一人教 【Unit4】 Natural disasters C.amazed 3.The lake was in the early morning,like a huge mirror reflecting the sky. A.calm B.quiet C.still 4.Many people in the poor area hunger and cold every winter. A.suffer from B.bear C.stand 5.The team made every to win the game,but they finally lost by one point A.effort B.attempt C.trial 6.The mountain climbers were by the sudden snowstorm and couldn't move forward. A.caught B.trapped C.hidden 7.After the earthquake,the once beautiful town lay in A.ruin B.ruins C.destroy 8.Please and think carefully before making a decision. A.calm down B.settle down C.break down 二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.The old castle has been in (废墟)for hundreds of years. 2.She felt a great sense of (震惊)when she heard the bad news. 3.The doctor tried to (使平静)the worried mother after the child's operation. 4.The company (遭受)a big loss due to poor management last year. 5.With his great (努力)，he finally achieved his dream of becoming a scientist. 6.The police set a」 to catch the thief who had stolen several cars. 6 高中必修一人教 【Unit4】 Natural disasters 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The heavy rain caused serious (ruin)to the crops in the field. 2.He was (shock)to see his old friend at the airport after 10 years. 3.The teacher asked us to keep (calm)during the exam. 4.Many patients in this hospital are (suffer)from heart disease. 5.She made an (effort)to improve her English by reading every day. 6.The workers were」 (trap)in the burning building and needed help immediately. 四、完成句子 1.The old temple was completely ,_(严重受局)after the fire. 2.You need to (平静下来)and tell me what happened. 3.Many people in this area()the flood last summer 4.The government is making every (努力)to improve people's living conditions. 五、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 A terrible earthquake hit the city last week.Many buildings were (ruin)and thousands of people were left homeless.People were (shock)by the disaster,but they quickly tried to (calm)down and help each other.Some volunteers were (trap)in the fallen buildings, but firefighters arrived in time to save them.The local government. (suffer)a heavy loss,but with the (effort)of the whole society,the city is gradually recovering. 参考答案 I.单项选择 1.B2B3.A4.A5.A6B7.B8.A Ⅱ根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.ruins 2.shock 3.calm 4.suffered 5.effort 6.trap 7 高中必修一人教 【Unit4】 Natural disasters ⅡI用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.ruins 2.shocked 3.calm 4.suffering 5.effort 6.trapped V.完成句子 1.in ruins 2.calm down 3.suffered from 4.effort V.语篇填空 1.ruined 2.shocked 3.calm 4.trapped 5.suffered 6.efforts 8