Unit 3 Sea Exploration 二-2025-2026学年高中英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲选择性必修第四册（人教版）

高中选修4人教 【选修4专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 选修4 【Unit3】Sea Exploration二 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 本单元核心词汇 一、全部单元单词 press conference短语记者招待 coral/'kDr3l/h.珊瑚 mery/m3si/m.仁慈；宽恕；恩 会：新闻发布会 migration /mar'greifn/n.迁移：惠 applaud /'plo:dt.&vi.鼓掌迁徙：移居 possession /pa'zefn/n.[usually t.称赞；赞赏 directory/ds'rektari/n.名录；电pl.]个人财产：拥有；控制 tax/taeks/t.对…征税：使纳话号码簿：（计算机文件或程序opponent/a'p3nnth.反对者： 税n.税；税款 的)目录 对手：竞争者 manned /mand/adj. 有人控制neanwhile/'mi:nwar/adv.与此log/IDg;NAmE 15:g/t.把…载 的：需人操纵的 同时：（比较两方面）对比之下入正式记录：记录n.正式记录： submersible /sab'm3:sabl/n. exploit/k'sploit/t.开发：利用：日志：原木 水器：可潜船 剥削 marine /ma'rin/adj.海的；海产 underwater Ande wo:ta(r)/adv. gallon/'geln/m.加仑（容积单的：海生的 在水下adj.水下的 位，1英制加仑约等于4.5升)arrest'rest/n.逮捕：拘留；中 capsule/'kepsju:I/n.胶囊；太空nurder/m3:da()/wt.谋杀；凶止t.逮捕：拘留；阻止 舱 杀；毁坏n.谋杀；凶杀 词义辨析及同义替换 1.exploit /ik'sploit/vi.开发：利用：剥削 词义辨析： xploit:作“利用”时，侧重为达到个人目的而充分利用资源、机会等，可用于褒义（开发资源） 或贬义（剥削他人）。 utilize:较正式用词，指“有效利用”，强调发挥事物的效能，如utilize solar energy(利用太阳 能) 同义替换： utilize,make use of 例句： We should exploit natural resources wisely.(我们应该明智地开发自然资源。) 高中选修4人教 【选修4专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 真题链接：（人教版高中选修4同步练习） The company plans to the new technology to improve production efficiency. A.exploit B.explore C.explode (答案：A) 2.arrest /a'rest/n.逮捕：拘留：中止t.逮捕：拘留；阻止 词义辨析： arrest:指官方依法对嫌疑人进行“逮捕、拘留”，也可表示“阻止（进程）”，如arrest the disease (阻止疾病蔓延)。 capture:侧重“捕获、擒获”，对象可以是罪犯、动物等，强调通过努力抓住，如capture the escaped prisoner(抓获逃犯)。 同义替换： apprehend,capture 例句： The police arrested the thief at the scene.(警察在现场逮捕了小偷。) 真题链接：（人教版高中选修4单元测试） The suspect was for questioning after the accident. A.arrested B.accused C.charged(答案：A) 3.mercy/'m3sin.仁慈；宽恕；恩惠 词义辨析： mercy:指对处于困境中的人表现出的“仁慈、宽恕”，常用搭配have mercy on(对…怜悯)。 pity:侧重对他人不幸的“同情、怜悯”，情感色彩较弱，如feel pity for the poor(同情穷人)。 同义替换： forgiveness,compassion 例句： The king showed mercy to the prisoner and set him free.(国王宽恕了囚犯，释放了他。) 真题链接：（人教版高中选修4阅读训练） The old man begged for but the cruel ruler refused A.mercy B.help C.pity (答案：A) 4.opponent/A'paunant/h.反对者；对手：竞争者 词义辨析： opponent:指辩论、比赛或冲突中的“对手、反对者”，强调立场对立，如political opponent(政 敌)。 rival:侧重竞争关系中的“竞争者、对手”，可能是商业、体育等领域，如business rival(商业 竞争对手)。 同义替换： rival,competitor 2 高中选修4人教 【选修4专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 例句： He defeated his opponent in the final match.(他在决赛中击败了对手。) 真题链接：（人教版高中选修4语法填空） The two will face each other in the next round of the competition A.opponents B.partners C.friends (答案：A) 5.possession /p3zen/n.[usually pl.]个人财产：拥有：控制 词义辨析： possession:作“财产”时常用复数，指个人拥有的物品：作“拥有”时为不可数名词，如take possession of(占有)。 property:泛指“财产、资产”，包括不动产和动产，也可指“特性”，如personal property(个人 财产)。 同义替换： belongings,property 例句： She lost all her possessions in the fire..（她在火灾中失去了所有财产。) 真题链接：（人教版高中选修4词汇运用） The house and its were left to his daughter after his death. A.possessions B.materials C.tools (答案：A) 6.meanwhile./mi:nwarl/adv.与此同时：（比较两方面）对比之下 词义辨析： meanwhile:强调两个动作同时发生，可放句首或句中，常与主句用逗号隔开。 meantime: 与meanwhile含义相近，更口语化，常用搭配in the meantime(在此期间)。 同义替换： meantime,at the same time 例句： I was doing my homework;meanwhile,my brother was watching TV.(我在做作业，与此同时，我 弟弟在看电视。) 真题链接：（人教版高中选修4完形填空） She was preparing dinner,and,her husband was setting the table. A.meanwhile B.however C.therefore(答案：A) 7.log/lDg,NAmE1b:gt.把…载入正式记录；记录n.正式记录；日志；原木 词义辨析： log:作动词时指“系统地记录”，对象多为数据、事件等，如log the daily activities(记录日常 活动)：作名词时可指“日志”或“原木”。 record:含义更广，可指“记录、录音、唱片”等，强调将信息保存下来，如record the meeting (记录会议)。 高中选修4人教 【选修4专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 同义替换： record,document 例句： The captain logged the ship's position every hour.(船长每小时记录一次船的位置。) 真题链接：（人教版高中选修4写作指导） You should your study progress in a notebook every day. A.log B.draw C.describe (答案：A) 8.marine /m3'rin/adj.海的；海产的：海生的 词义辨析： marine:专指“与海洋相关的”，如marine life(海洋生物)、marine exploration(海洋探索)。 maritime:侧重“海事的、航海的”，与航海、海运相关，如maritime law(海事法)。 同义替换： oceanic,sea-related 例句： Marine pollution has become a serious problem.(海洋污染已成为严重问题。) 真题链接：（人教版高中选修4阅读理解） The museum displays a variety of sea creatures and ships. A.marine B.maritime C.ocean (答案：A) 9.tax /taeks/vt.对…征税：使纳税n.税：税款 词义辨析： tax:指政府向个人或企业征收的“税”，如income tax(所得税)；作动词时表示“征税”。 duty:指对进口商品征收的“关税”，或道德上的“责任”，如import duty(进口税)。 同义替换： levy,duty 例句： The government plans to tax luxury goods heavily..(政府计划对奢侈品征收重税。) 真题链接：（人教版高中选修4经济阅读） Citizens have the obligation to payaccording to the law. A.tax B.duty C.fee (答案：A) l0.applaud/A'plb:dt.&vi.鼓掌t.称赞：赞赏 词义辨析： applaud:既可指“鼓掌”，也可指“称赞”，强调通过动作或言语表达赞赏，如applaudhis courage (称赞他的勇气)。 praise:侧重“用语言表扬”，如praise the child for his honesty(表扬孩子的诚实)。 同义替换： praise,commend 高中选修4人教 【选修4专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 例句： The audience applauded loudly after the performance.(演出结束后，观众热烈鼓掌。) 真题链接：（人教版高中选修4听力训练） The teacher the students for their hard work A.applauded B.criticized C.ignored(答案：A) l1.murder/m3:da(r)/t.谋杀：凶杀；毁坏n.谋杀；凶杀 词义辨析： murder:指有预谋的“谋杀、凶杀”，是严重的犯罪行为。 kil:泛指“杀死”，对象可以是人或动物，不一定是犯罪行为，如kill a bird(杀鸟)。 同义替换： assassinate,slay 例句： He was charged with murder and sentenced to life imprisonment.(他被指控谋杀，判处终身监禁。) 真题链接：（人教版高中选修4完形填空） The police are investigating the that happened last night A.murder B.accident C.fight (答案：A) 12.migration /mar'gren.迁移：迁徙：移居 词义辨析： migration:指人或动物的“迁徙、迁移”，尤指定期或大规模的移动，如bird migration（鸟类迁 徙)、rral-to-urban migration（城乡迁移)。 immigration:专指“外来移民”，即从外国移居到本国，如immigration policy(移民政策)。 同义替换： movement,relocation 例句： The migration of whales is a fascinating natural phenomenon.(鲸鱼的迁徙是一种迷人的自然现象。) 真题链接：（人教版高中选修4地理阅读） The of people from the countryside to cities has accelerated in recent years. A.migration B.immigration C.emigration (答案：A) 综合演练 综合练习 一、 单项选择 5 高中选修4人教 【选修4专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 1.The government encourages people to solar energy to reduce pollution. A.exploit B.explore C.explode 2.The police have three suspects in connection with the theft case. A.arrested B.accused C.charged 3.The kind-hearted girl showed to the homeless dog and took it home. A.mercy B.help C.pity 4.In the final game,our team will compete against our strongest A.opponents B.partners C.friends 5.After the fire,she lost all her including her family photos. A.possessions B.materials C.tools 6.I was reading a novel; my mother was cooking in the kitchen. A.meanwhile B.however C.therefore 7.You should _your daily expenses in a notebook to manage money better. A.log B.draw C.describe 8.The biology course focuses on the study of sea plants and animals. A.marine B.maritime C.ocean 9.Every citizen must pay on their income according to the law. A.tax B.duty C.fee 6 高中选修4人教 【选修4专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 10.The audience the actor's excellent performance for five minutes. A.applauded B.criticized C.ignored 二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.The company plans to (开发)new oil fields in the area, 2.The police made an (逮捕)after receiving the report. 3.The prisoner begged the king for (宽恕) 4.The two (对手)shook hands before the match. 5.She kept all her (财产)in a safe box. 6.I'll be back in an hour. (与此同时)，you can finish your homework 7.The captain (记录)the ship's speed every hour. 8 (海洋的)animals are facing serious threats from pollution. 9.The government has increased (税收)on tobacco prod1cts. 10.We should (赞赏)their efforts to help the poor. 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The company plans to (exploit)the new technology next year 2.The suspect was (arrest)by the police yesterday. 3.The king showed (merciful)to the defeated enemy. 4.His main (oppose)in the election withdrew suddenly. 5.She lost all her (possess)in the flood. 6.I was doing my homework;(meanwhile),my brother was listening to music. 7.The teacher asked us to (log)our study time every day. 8. (marine)pollution is harmful to sea creatures. 9.People have to pay (tax)on their earnings. 1 高中选修4人教 【选修4专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 10.The students (applaud)loudly when the speaker finished. 四、完成句子（每空一词） 1.我们应该明智地利用自然资源。 We should natural resources 2.警察在机场逮捕了那个逃犯。 The police the escaped prisoner at the airport 3.那位老人恳求国王宽恕他的儿子。 The old man begged the king to his son. 4.他在比赛中击败了所有对手。 He defeated all his in the competition. 5.火灾后，她失去了所有的财产。 She lost all her after the fire. 五、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 Many animals have amazing migration habits.For example,whales travel thousands of miles every year.Scientists (log/record)their journey to study their behavior. (Mean- while/However),some human activities such as overfishing and pollution threaten their survival. To protect these(marine/maritime)animals,governments should(exploit/utilize)new technology to monitor their migration routes.Fishermen who harm these animals may face heavy (tax/duty).Everyone should (applaud/praise)the efforts to protect ocean life. 参考答案 【单项选择 1.A2.A3.A4.A5.A6.A7.A8.A9.A10.A Ⅱ.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.exploit 2.arrest 3.mercy 4.opponents 5.possessions 6.Meanwhile 7.logged 8.Ma- rine 9.tax 10.applaud 8 高中选修4人教 【选修4专版】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 ⅡI.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.exploit 2.arrested 3.mercy 4.opponent 5.possessions 6.meanwhile 7.log 8.Marine 9.tax 10.applauded V.完成句子 1.exploit wisely 2.arrested 3.have mercy on 4.opponents 5.possessions V.语篇填空 1.log 2.Meanwhile 3.marine 4.utilize 5.tax 6.applaud 9