Unit 4 Natural disasters三-2025-2026学年高中英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲必修第一册（人教版）

高中英语人教 【必修一】 Unit 4 Natural disasters 必修一 【Unit4】Natural disasters 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 本单元核心词汇 一、 全部单元单词 early warning预警 supply/s3'pla/n.供应（量）：补流动：流畅 capacity /ka'paesitr/n.能力：容给：[pl.]补给品；t.供应；供on hand现有（尤指帮助） 量：容纳能力 给 sweep /swi:p/t.扫：打扫：席卷： crash /kraf/vi.&vt.碰撞：撞击：access/'ekses/n.通道；（使用、横扫：掠过；vi.快速移动：n.打 n.撞车；碰撞；坠毁 查阅、接近或面见的)机会权扫 system/'sIstam/n.系统：体系；利；t.进入；使用；获取 wave /werv/n.海浪；波浪；波； 制度 available /a'velb(a)1/adj.可获vi.&t.挥手；招手 Iise个az/vi.上升：升起；起床；得的；可购得的：有空的 strike/strark/vi.&vt.侵袭：突击： 站起来；n.上升：增加；加薪mountainous/mauntmn3s/adj.击打：n.罢工；罢课：袭击 come to onei's rescue救援某人多山的：山一般的 deliver /dr'lrva()/t.递送；传达； kit /kit/n.成套工具：成套设备f1 ow /fla/vi.流：流动；n.流：发表 词义辨析及同义替换 1.capacity /k3'paesItr/n.能力；容量：容纳能力 词义辨析： capacity:侧重指人或事物的“潜在能力”或“容纳能力”，既可指人的智力、技能，也可指容 器、空间的容量，是正式用词。 ability:主要指人通过学习或实践获得的“技能、能力”，后常接to do sth.. 同义替换： ability,capability 例句： This hall has a seating capacity of 500 people 真题链接：（人教版高中必修一同步练习） The factory has the to produce 1,000 cars per month. A.capacity B.power C.strength(答案：A) 1 高中英语人教 【必修一】 Unit 4 Natural disasters 2.rise /raiz/vi.上升：升起：起床：站起来：n.上升：增加：加薪 词义辨析： se:不及物动词，指自然的“上升、升起”（如太阳、价格、水位等），无被动语态。 rase:及物动词，强调“人为地举起、提高”（如举手、加薪、抚养等)，后需接宾语。 同义替换： increase,go up 例句： The sun rises in the east every morning 真题链接：（人教版高中必修一单元检测） The price of oil has by 10%in the past month. A.risen B.raised C.lifted(答案：A) 3.supply/spla/n.供应（量）；补给：pl]补给品；t.供应：供给 词义辨析： supply:侧重指“提供所需物品”，常与介词to搭配(supply sth.tosb.),或用于supply sb.with sth. provide:含义更广， 可指提供具体物品或抽象帮助，搭配provide sb.with sth.或provide sth.for sb.o 同义替换： provide,furnish 例句： The company supplies fresh vegetables to local supermarkets. 真题链接：（人教版高中必修一随堂练习） Our school us with free textbooks every semester. A.supplies B.offers C.provides (答案：C) 4.access/'ekses/n.通道；（使用、查阅、接近或面见的）机会；权利：t.进入：使用：获取 词义辨析： access::作名词时指“进入权、使用权”，后接介词to;作动词时强调“获取、访问”（如数据、 信息等) approach:侧重“方法、途径”，或“接近某人/某物”的动作，动词时后接宾语。 同义替换： entry,admission 例句： Students have free access to the school library. 真题链接：（人教版高中必修一同步测试） Only members can the VIP area of the club. A.access B.enter C.reach (答案：A) 高中英语人教 【必修一】 Unit 4 Natural disasters 5.available/a'veilab(a)/ad.可获得的：可购得的：有空的 词义辨析： available:强调某物“可得到的”或某人“有空的”，作表语时需后置修饰名词（如tickets available)。 accessible:侧重“可到达的、易理解的”，或指人“平易近人的”。 同义替换： obtainable,free 例句： Is there a room available in this hotel tonight? 真题链接：（人教版高中必修一单元练习） The manager is tomorrow afternoon.You can make an appointment then. A.available B.accessible C.convenient(答案：A) 6.f1 ow /fla/vi.流：流动：n.流；流动：流畅 词义辨析： ow:指液体、气体或人群“连续流动”，强调自然、平稳的过程，如河水流动、时间流逝。 sam:侧重“小溪般的流动”，或“大量连续地移动”（如人群涌流），名词时可指“溪流”。 同义替换： run,circulate 例句： The river flows through the center of the city 真题链接：（人教版高中必修一检测卷） Tears down her face when she heard the sad news. A.flowed B.streamed C.poured (答案：A) 7.strike /strark/i.&t.侵袭：突击：击打；n.罢工：罢课；袭击 词义辨析： ske:作动词时可指“击打、罢工、（疾病灾难）侵袭”；作名词时指“罢工、袭击”。 hit:侧重“猛烈撞击”，口语化，可指自然灾害（如洪水、地震)的“袭击”。 同义替换： hit,attack 例句： A strong earthquake struck the area last night 真题链接：（人教版高中必修一同步练习） The workers decided to go on for better working conditions. A.strike B.attack C.fight (答案：A) 8.deliver/dr'lva(r)/t.递送；传达；发表 3 高中英语人教 【必修一】 Unit 4 Natural disasters 词义辨析： deliver:强调“将物品、消息等送到目的地”，或“发表（演讲、讲话）”，搭配deliver sth.tosb.。 send:泛指“发送、派遣”，不强调是否送达，搭配send sth.tosb.。 同义替换： convey,distribute 例句： The postman delivers letters every morning 真题链接：（人教版高中必修一单元测试） The president willa speech on national TV tonight A.deliver B.give C.make (答案：A) 9.crash /kraef/vi.&t.碰撞；撞击；n.撞车：碰撞；坠毁 词义辨析： crash:指“猛烈撞击并伴随破坏”，如汽车相撞、飞机坠毁，常含贬义。 collide:侧重“（车、船等）相撞”，或意见、利益“冲突”，不及物动词，需接介词with。 同义替换： collide,smash 例句： The two cars crashed into each other at the crossing. 真题链接：（人教版高中必修一随堂练习） The plane into a mountain due to bad weather. A.crashed B.collided C.hit(答案：A) 10.system/sistam/n.系统：体系；制度 词义辨析： system:指“有组织的系统、体系”，如电脑系统、教育体系，强调各部分的关联性。 syster:与“method(方法)”相比，更侧重整体的“结构”或“制度”。 同义替换： structure,framework 例句： The new heating system will be installed next week. 真题链接：（人教版高中必修一同步测试） Our school has a strict management to ensure students'safety. A.system B.method C.way (答案：A) 11.on hand现有（尤指帮助） 词义辨析： on hand:强调“手头现有的、随时可用的”，或“在场提供帮助”，作表语或定语。 in hand:侧重“在处理中、在控制下”，或“手持某物”。 高中英语人教 【必修一】 Unit 4 Natural disasters 同义替换： available,at hand 例句： We have enough food on hand for the party. 真题链接：（人教版高中必修一单元练习) The teacher was to help students with their problems after class. A.on hand B.in hand C.at hand (答案：A) l2.come to one's rescue救援某人 词义辨析： come to one'srescue:固定短语，指“及时救助某人”，强调动作的突发性和帮助性。 rescue sb.from:动词短语，指“从危险中救出某人”，更侧重具体场景。 同义替换： save sb.,help sb.out 例句： The firefighters came to our rescue when the house was on fire. 真题链接：（人教版高中必修一检测卷） When I was trapped in the lift,the maintenance worker immediately. A.came to my rescue B.rescued me from C.helped me out (答案：A) 综合演练 综合练习 一、 单项选择 1.The new stadium has a seatingof 80,000 people for the upcoming sports meeting. A.capacity B.ability C.power 2.Prices of daily necessities have by 5%since the beginning of this year. A.raised B.risen C.lifted 3.The local government fresh drinking water to the affected area after the flood. A.provided B.supplied 5 高中英语人教 【必修一】 Unit 4 Natural disasters C.offered 4.Only students with student IDs can the online library resources. A.approach B.access C.enter 5.Are there any tickets for the concert next Saturday? A.available B.accessible C.convenient 6.Tears down her cheeks when she heard the good news A.streamed B.poured C.flowed 7.The factory workers decided to go on to demand better working conditions. A.attack B.strike C.fight 8.The president will a speech on environmental protection tomorrow morning. A.make B.give C.deliver 9.The plane into the ocean due to engine failure,killing all passengers. A.crashed B.collided C.hit 10.Our school has a strict management_to ensure students'safety. A.method B.system C.way 二、根据句意及首字母提示填空 1.The hotel has no rooms a during the national day holiday 2.You need a password to get ato the computer system. 3.The river f through the village and provides water for the fields. 6 高中英语人教 【必修一】 Unit 4 Natural disasters 4.The company s raw materials to factories all over the country. 5.The rescue team came to their r when they were trapped in the mountain. 6.We have enough food and water on h to survive the storm 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The library (access)to all citizens for free last year. 2.She (seldom)misses a chance to practice speaking English 3.The water company_ (supply)clean water to the city for 20 years. 4.He (strike)by a car while crossing the road yesterday. 5.The new system is designed to (deliver)information more efficiently. 四、完成句子（每空一词） 1.这家工厂有能力每月生产2000台机器。 The factory has the 2,000 machines per month. 2.学生们可以免费使用学校的实验室。 Students have free the school laboratory. 3.当我遇到困难时，我的朋友们总是来帮助我。 My friends always when I'm in trouble. 4.这家商店每天向顾客供应新鲜水果。 The shop fresh fruit customers every day. 五、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 Water is essential for life.However,many areas in the world face water shortages.To solve this problem,scientists have developed a new water 1_(system/method)that can purify seawa- ter efficiently.The system 2(supplies/provides)clean water to local communities and has a 3 (capacity/ability)to process 500 tons of water per day. Last month,a severe drought 4(struck/hit)the region.Local residents wereworried about water supplies,but thenew system cameto their 5(rescue/help).People couldnow access clean water easily,and the government was 6(proud/pride)of this achievement. 7 高中英语人教 【必修一】 Unit 4 Natural disasters 参考答案 I单项选择 1.A2B3B4B5.A6.C7B8.C9.A10B Ⅱ.根据句意及首字母提示填空 1available 2.access 3.flows 4.supplies 5.rescue 6hand ⅡI.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.was accessed 2.seldom 3.has supplied 4.was struck 5.deliver V.完成句子 1.capacity to produce 2.access to 3.come to my rescue 4.supplies,to V.语篇填空 1.system 2.supplies 3.capacity 4.struck 5.rescue 6.proud 8