Unit1 语法专练- 2025-2026学年北师大版英语八年级下册

北师大版8下第一单元语法专练 宾语从句 一、宾语从句的定义 宾语从句是指在主句中充当宾语的句子。它可以作动词的宾语、介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。 I think that he is right. （我认为他是对的。——作动词 think 的宾语） She is interested in what he said. （她对他说的感兴趣。——作介词 in 的宾语） I'm sure that he will come. （我确信他会来。——作形容词 sure 的宾语） 二、宾语从句的三要素 学习宾语从句需要掌握三个核心要素：引导词、语序、时态。 1. 引导词 根据从句的类型，选择不同的引导词： 当从句是陈述句时，用 that 引导。that 本身没有意义，在口语和非正式文体中通常可以省略。 I know (that) he is a teacher. （我知道他是一名老师。） She said (that) she would come. （她说她会来。） 当从句是一般疑问句时，用 if 或 whether 引导，意为“是否”。在大多数情况下可以互换，但有些情况只能用 whether： I wonder if/whether he will come. （我想知道他是否会来。） 只能用 whether 的情况： 与 or not 连用时：I don't know whether he will come or not. 作介词宾语时：It depends on whether it rains. 引导主语从句时：Whether he comes is unknown. 当从句是特殊疑问句时，用原来的疑问词引导，如 what, who, whom, whose, which, when, where, why, how 等。 Can you tell me where the station is? （你能告诉我车站在哪里吗？） Do you know what he wants? （你知道他想要什么吗？） I don't understand why he left. （我不明白他为什么离开。） 2. 语序 宾语从句必须使用陈述句语序，即：引导词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他。不能保留疑问句的倒装语序。 错误：Do you know what is his name? （疑问句语序） 正确：Do you know what his name is? （陈述句语序） 错误：Can you tell me where does he live? 正确：Can you tell me where he lives? 特别提醒：当疑问词在从句中作主语时，语序保持“疑问词 + 谓语 + 其他”不变，因为此时疑问词本身就是主语，语序已经是陈述句语序。 I don't know what happened yesterday. （what 是主语，语序不变） Can you tell me who is singing? （who 是主语，语序不变） 3. 时态 宾语从句的时态要遵循以下原则： 主句是现在时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时等），从句可以根据实际情况选用任何需要的时态。 He says he will come tomorrow. （他说他明天来。） I know he has finished his work. （我知道他已经完成了工作。） She tells me she is reading a book. （她告诉我她在看书。） 主句是过去时态（一般过去时），从句必须使用相应的过去时态： 一般现在时 → 一般过去时 现在进行时 → 过去进行时 一般将来时 → 过去将来时（would + 动词原形） 现在完成时 → 过去完成时 一般过去时 → 过去完成时（表示发生在主句动作之前的动作） 例如：He said he would come tomorrow. （他说他明天来。） 例如：I thought you were right. （我原以为你是对的。） 例如：She told me she had finished her homework. （她告诉我她已经完成了作业。） 当从句表达的是客观真理、自然现象、名言警句、永恒事实时，无论主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。 The teacher said the earth goes around the sun. （老师说地球绕着太阳转。） He told me light travels faster than sound. （他告诉我光比声音传播得快。） 三、注意事项 1. 否定转移 当主句主语是第一人称（I/We），谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine 等表示“认为、相信、猜测”的动词时，如果宾语从句表示否定意义，通常将否定转移到主句上。 我认为他不会来。 错误：I think he won't come. 正确：I don't think he will come. 我相信她没看见我。 正确：I don't believe she saw me. 2. 疑问词 + 动词不定式（to do）结构 当主句谓语动词是 know, learn, forget, remember, decide, tell, ask, wonder 等时，如果宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致（或根据上下文可以推断），宾语从句可以简化为“疑问词 + 动词不定式”。 I don't know what I should do. → I don't know what to do. Can you tell me how I can get there? → Can you tell me how to get there? He forgot where he could find the key. → He forgot where to find the key. 3. 主句谓语动词的搭配 有些动词后不能直接跟 that 从句，需要先加 it 作形式宾语，然后再接 that 从句。初中阶段常见的有：like, love, hate, appreciate, enjoy 等。 I hate it that he is always late. （我讨厌他总是迟到。） She appreciated it that we helped her. （她很感激我们帮助了她。） 4. 宾语从句的标点符号 宾语从句的标点符号由主句决定。如果主句是陈述句，句末用句号；如果主句是疑问句，句末用问号。 I wonder if he will come. （陈述句，句末用句号） Do you know where he lives? （疑问句，句末用问号） 5. 宾语从句的简化 在口语中，如果上下文清楚，有时可以省略引导词 that，但 that 在正式的书面语中最好保留。 四、专项练习题 Part 1: 选择题 1. I don't know ______ he will come tomorrow. A. that B. if C. what D. which 2. Can you tell me ______ the nearest hospital is? A. what B. where C. that D. when 3. He asked me ______ I had finished my homework. A. that B. if C. what D. which 4. Do you know ______ they are talking about? A. what B. that C. if D. where 5. I think ______ he is a good student. A. that B. if C. whether D. what 6. The teacher said that the earth ______ around the sun. A. goes B. went C. go D. going 7. I don't know ______ or not he will agree. A. if B. whether C. that D. what 8. Could you tell me ______? A. where does he live B. where he lives C. where he live D. he lives where 9. I ______ think he ______ come tomorrow. A. /; won't B. don't; will C. /; will D. don't; won't 10. She asked me ______ I was going to the party. A. that B. if C. what D. which Part 2: 用适当的引导词填空（that, if, whether, what, where, when, why, how） 1. I wonder ______ he is feeling now. 2. Can you tell me ______ the train leaves? 3. He said ______ he would help us. 4. Do you know ______ she was late? 5. I don't know ______ he lives. 6. She asked ______ I liked the film. 7. The teacher asked ______ we had finished the work. 8. I'm thinking about ______ I should go or not. 9. Could you tell me ______ I can get to the museum? 10. I believe ______ he is honest. Part 3: 句型转换（将下列句子改为宾语从句） 1. Where does he live? Do you know? → Do you know ________________________________? 2. "I am reading a book," she said. → She said ________________________________. 3. Will they come to the party? I wonder. → I wonder ________________________________. 4. What is your name? Can you tell me? → Can you tell me ________________________________? 5. He said, "The sun rises in the east." → He said ________________________________. 6. "I have seen the film," Tom told me. → Tom told me ________________________________. 7. Why was she angry? I don't know. → I don't know ________________________________. 8. "Can you swim?" he asked me. → He asked me ________________________________. Part 4: 改错题（找出错误并改正） 1. I don't know where does he live. ________________________________________________ 2. He said that he will come tomorrow. ________________________________________________ 3. I wonder if or not he is right. ________________________________________________ 4. She asked me that I had finished my homework. ________________________________________________ 5. Do you know what is his name? ________________________________________________ 6. I think he won't pass the exam. ________________________________________________ 7. The teacher said that light traveled faster than sound. ________________________________________________ 8. Can you tell me how can I get there? ________________________________________________ Part 5: 翻译句子 1. 我不知道他住在哪里。 ________________________________________________ 2. 你能告诉我你叫什么名字吗？ ________________________________________________ 3. 她说她正在写一封信。 ________________________________________________ 4. 我想知道明天是否会下雨。 ________________________________________________ 5. 老师问我们是否理解了这个问题。 ________________________________________________ 6. 我相信他会成功。 ________________________________________________ 7. 他问我昨天为什么没来上学。 ________________________________________________ 8. 我认为这不是一个好主意。 ________________________________________________ 9. 你知道火车什么时候到达吗？ ________________________________________________ 10. 她告诉我她已经完成了作业。 ________________________________________________ 五、参考答案 Part 1: 选择题 1. B（不知道他明天是否来，用 if 或 whether） 2. B（问车站在哪里，用 where） 3. B（问我是否完成了作业，用 if 或 whether） 4. A（知道他们在谈论什么，what 作 about 的宾语） 5. A（that 引导陈述句作宾语，可省略） 6. A（客观真理，用一般现在时 goes） 7. B（与 or not 连用，只能用 whether） 8. B（陈述句语序 where he lives） 9. B（否定转移，I don't think he will come） 10. B（问我是否去派对，用 if 或 whether） Part 2: 填空题 1. how（想知道他现在感觉如何） 2. when（告诉我火车什么时候离开） 3. that（他说他会帮助我们） 4. why（知道她为什么迟到） 5. where（不知道他住在哪里） 6. if/whether（问她是否喜欢这部电影） 7. if/whether（问我们是否完成了工作） 8. whether（与 or not 连用，用 whether） 9. how（告诉我怎样能到博物馆） 10. that（相信他是诚实的） Part 3: 句型转换 1. Do you know where he lives? 2. She said that she was reading a book. 3. I wonder if/whether they will come to the party. 4. Can you tell me what your name is? 5. He said that the sun rises in the east. 6. Tom told me that he had seen the film. 7. I don't know why she was angry. 8. He asked me if/whether I could swim. Part 4: 改错题 1. 去掉 does，改为：I don't know where he lives. 2. will 改为 would，改为：He said that he would come tomorrow. 3. if 改为 whether，改为：I wonder whether or not he is right. 4. that 改为 if/whether，改为：She asked me if/whether I had finished my homework. 5. what is his name 改为 what his name is，改为：Do you know what his name is? 6. 改为：I don't think he will pass the exam. 7. traveled 改为 travels，改为：The teacher said that light travels faster than sound. 8. how can I get 改为 how I can get，改为：Can you tell me how I can get there? Part 5: 翻译题 1. I don't know where he lives. 2. Can you tell me what your name is? 3. She said that she was writing a letter. 4. I wonder if/whether it will rain tomorrow. 5. The teacher asked us if/whether we had understood the question. 6. I believe that he will succeed. 7. He asked me why I didn't come to school yesterday. 8. I don't think this is a good idea. 9. Do you know when the train arrives? 10. She told me that she had finished her homework. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $