Unit 1 Decisions三-2025-2026学年高中英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲选择性必修第二册（沪教版）

高中选择性必修第二册沪教版 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及综合训练 精讲专版 【Unit1】Decisions 词义辨析及综合训练 本单元核心词汇 一、全部单元单词 *enclose/m'kloz/v.随函（或包的：最小的：最低限度的n.最 prison/'pIzn/n.监狱 裹等)附上 小值：最低限度 sow/sa/v.播种；种 drama/'dra:ma/n.戏：剧 approve'pu:v/v.赞成：同意seed/sidn.种子；籽 candidate/'kaendidat/n.候选人：freedom/'fii:dem/n.(指权利)discrimination /d,skrii'neum/ 申请人 自由 n.歧视 certificate/sa'tIfikat/n.文凭；合citizen/'SItizn/n.公民 damage/daemid3/v.损害；伤害 格证书 constitution/konstr'jun/n.章church3t/n.(基督教的)教 *catalogue/'kaetalg/n.目录 程：章程 堂 sincerely/sm'sIali/adv.真诚地：arrest/e'rest/v.逮捕：拘留n.逮threat/ret/n.威胁：恐吓 诚实地 捕：拘捕 reform /rI'fm/n.改革；改革v. minimum/'minimom/adj.最低*humiliate /hju:'miliert/v.羞辱改革；改进 词义辨析及同义替换 1.freedom/'firi:dem/n.(指权利)自由 词义辨析： freedom:侧重指“（政治、个人权利等的）自由”，是不可数名词，强调不受限制的状态。 liberty:更正式，常指“（国家或个人的）自由权”，尤指摆脱压迫或奴役的自由，可用于复数形 式表示“特权”。 同义替换： liberty,independence 例句： People in this country fight for freedom and equality. 真题链接：（沪教版高中选择性必修第二册同步练习） After years of struggle,they finally won their from the foreign rule. A.freedom B.power C.wealth(答案：A) 高中选择性必修第二册沪教版 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及综合训练 2.citizen/'stzm/n.公民 词义辨析： citizen:指拥有某国国籍并享有相应权利和义务的人，强调法律身份。 resident:侧重指“居民”，仅表示在某地居住的人，不涉及国籍或公民权。 同义替换： national,inhabitant 例句： Every citizen has the right to vote in democratic countries. 真题链接：（沪教版高中选择性必修第二册单元测试） All of the city must follow the local laws and regulations A.citizens B.tourists C.visitors (答案：A) 3.damage/'daemd3yv.损害；伤害&n.损害；损失 词义辨析： damage(v.n.):指对事物造成部分损害，程度较轻，可修复，作名词时为不可数名词。 destroy(v.):强调彻底破坏，无法修复，语气更强。 同义替换： harm,injure (v.);harm,loss (n.) 例句： The storm damaged many houses in the village. The accident caused great damage to his car.( 真题链接：（沪教版高中选择性必修第二册专项练习） The fire most of the building,and it will take years to rebuild it. A.damaged B.destroyed C.protected(答案：B) 4.reform1'fm/n.改革；改进&v.改革；改进 词义辨析： reform(n.~.):侧重指“（社会、制度等的）改革”，强调通过改变使事物变得更好，可作名词 或动词。 improve(v.):泛指“改进、提高”，对象可以是具体事物或抽象概念，仅作动词。 同义替换： improve,innovate (v.);improvement,innovation (n. 例句： The government plans to reform the education system next year.( The reform has brought great changes to the company.( 真题链接：（沪教版高中选择性必修第二册期中测试） The new policy aims to the healthcare system and provide better services for people. A.reform B.repeat C.reduce(答案：A) 2 高中选择性必修第二册沪教版 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及综合训练 5.threat/ret/n.威胁：恐吓 词义辨析： threat:指对人或事物构成的潜在危险或威胁，可作可数或不可数名词，常用搭配“a threat to.”。 danger:泛指“危险”，强调可能发生的伤害或损失，为不可数名词，常用搭配“in danger'”。 同义替换： menace,risk 例句： The rising sea levels pose a serious threat to coastal cities. 真题链接：（沪教版高中选择性必修第二册同步练习） Pollution is a major to the environment and human health A.threat B.opportunity C.advantage (答案：A) 6.church3t∫n.(基督教的)教堂 词义辨析： church: 指基督教的教堂，首字母大写时可表示“教会”(he Church)。 temple:指佛教、印度教等宗教的“寺庙”，与教堂的宗教属性不同。 同义替换： chapel,cathedral 例句： They go to church every Sunday to attend the service. 真题链接：（沪教版高中选择性必修第二册阅读专项） The old in the town was built in the 19th century and is now a popular tourist attraction. A.church B.temple C.mosque (答案：A) 7.approve/pu:v/V.赞成；同意 词义辨析： approve(v.):侧重指“官方或正式的批准、认可”，常用搭配“approve of sth./sb.”表示“赞成 某事/某人”。 agree(v.):泛指“同意”，语气较随意，常用搭配“agree with sb.to sth.”。 同义替换： agree,accept,support 例句： My parents don't approve of me staying out late at night. 真题链接：（沪教版高中选择性必修第二册语法练习） The manager finally our plan after careful consideration. A.approved B.refused C.doubted(答案：A) 8.mninimum/'minimem/adj.最低的：最小的&n.最小值：最低限度 3 高中选择性必修第二册沪教版 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及综合训练 词义辨析： minimum(adj.m.):强调“最低的、最小的”，反义词是maximum,作名词时表示“最小值”。 least(adj./adv.):指“最少的、最小的”，是little的最高级，仅作形容词或副词，不可作名词。 同义替换： lowest,smallest (adj.)minimum value (n. 例句： The minimum age for driving in China is 1&.(形容词) You need to score at least the minimum to pass the exam.( 真题链接：（沪教版高中选择性必修第二册数学英语融合练习） The temperature in winter here can reach-10C A.minimum B.maximum C.average (答案：A) 9.arrest/A'rest/v.逮捕：拘留&n.逮捕：拘捕 词义辨析： rest(v.n.):指警方依法对嫌疑人进行“逮捕、拘留”，强调法律程序。 catch(v.):泛指“抓住”，对象可以是罪犯、动物等，不涉及法律程序。 同义替换： apprehend,capture (v.);apprehension (n.) 例句： The police arrested the thief after a chase in the street.( The arrest of the suspect surprised everyone.( 真题链接：（沪教版高中选择性必修第二册完形填空） The criminal was by the police when he tried to escape from the city. A.arrested B.protected C.invited(答案：A) l0.discrimination/d,skrir'nem/n.歧视 词义辨析： discrimination:指基于种族、性别、年龄等的“歧视”，为不可数名词，常用搭配“discrimination against..”。 prejudice(n.):指“偏见、成见”，强调个人主观上的不公平看法，可作可数名词。 同义替换： bias,unfair treatment 例句： We should fight against discrimination in the workplace 真题链接：（沪教版高中选择性必修第二册阅读理解） The article mainly discusses the problem of racial. in modern society A.discrimination B.equality C.harmony (答案：A) 11.drama/'dra:ma/n.戏：剧 高中选择性必修第二册沪教版 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及综合训练 词义辨析： dama:指“戏剧”（文学体裁或舞台表演），也可泛指“戏剧性事件”。 play(n.):侧重指“剧本、戏刷演出”，是具体的表演作品，比dama更口语化。 同义替换： play,theatrical work 例句： Shakespeare's dramas are still popular all over the world 真题链接：（沪教版高中选择性必修第二册文学欣赏） We will watch a written by a famous Chinese playwright in the theater tonight. A.drama B.movie C.concert (答案：A) l2.certificate/sa'trfikat/n.文凭：合格证书 词义辨析： certificate:指“证书、文凭”，证明完成某项课程或达到某种标准，如学历证书、资格证书。 diploma(n.):更正式，特指“毕业文凭”，通常指大学或高等教育机构颁发的证书。 同义替换： diploma,qualification 例句： She received a certificate after completing the computer course. 真题链接：（沪教版高中选择性必修第二册写作专项） To get the job,you need to provide your academic and relevant skill certificates. A.diploma B.passport C.license (答案：A) 综合演练 综合练习 一、 单项选择 1.The country has fought for years to gain from foreign control. A.freedom B.liberty C.independence 2.Only of this city have the right to vote in the local election. A.citizens B.residents C.inhabitants 5 高中选择性必修第二册沪教版 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及综合训练 3.The heavyrain the roof of the old house,but it can be repaired easily. A.damaged B.destroyed C.harmed 4.The government plans to the tax system to reduce the burden on low-income families A.reform B.improve C.innovate 5.Air pollution is a serious to people's health in many big cities. A.threat B.danger C.risk 6.Many tourists visit the ancient in this town to admire its beautiful architecture A.church B.temple C.mosque 7.The school board finally the new teaching plan after a long discussion A.approved B.agreed C.accepted 8.The score required to pass the exam is 60 out of 100. A.minimum B.least C.lowest 9.The suspect was by the police when he tried to leave the country. A.arrested B.caught C.apprehended 10.The company was accused of against female employees in promotion. A.discrimination B.prejudice C.bias 二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1. Everyone should have the right to enjoy (自由)of speech. 6 高中选择性必修第二册沪教版 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及综合训练 2.Asa (公民)of China,we must respect the law. 3.The storm caused great (to the crops in the field 4.The (of the medical system has improved people's lives. 5.The rising prices are a()to the stability of the economy. 6.They go to (教堂)every Sunday to pray. 7.The manager didn't(our request for a day off. 8.The (最低的)temperature today is5 C below zero. 9.The police made an (of the thief last night. l0.We should fight against(歧视)of all kinds. 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The government has taken measures to protect the(free)of the press. 2.A11 (citizen)are equal before the law. 3.The accident caused serious (damage)to his car. 4.The company plans to(reform)its management system next year. 5.The new policy has reduced the(threaten)of unemployment 6.She goes to (church)every Sunday with her family. 7.My parents don't approve of my(stay)out late at night. 8.The (minimum)age for applying for a driver's license is 18 9.The police announced the (arrest)of three suspects 10.We should treat everyone with respect and avoid (discriminate) 四、完成句子 1.After years of struggle,they finally achieved (民族独立) 2.The fire (严重损害)the building,.but it can be repaired, 3.The government is determined to (改革教育体系) > 高中选择性必修第二册沪教版 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及综合训练 4.His behavior (对他人构成威胁)in the workplace. 5.They (去教堂)every Sunday morning. 6.The manager (批准了我们的计划after careful consideration. 7.The (最低分数)for passing the exam is60. 8.The police (逮捕了那个小偷)yesterday:. 五、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 In modern society,people are pursuing (1) (free)and equality.As a(2) (citizen),every- one has the right to vote and express their opinions.However,some problems still exist,such as(3) (discriminate)against certain groups.To solve these problems,the government has carried out many (4) (reform)in recent years.For example,the new law aims to prevent environmental (5) (damage)and reduce the (6) (threat)to people's health.Meanwhile,the police are working hard to (7) (arrest)criminals and maintain social order.People also go to (8) (church)or other places of worship to seek spiritual comfort.We should all work together to build a better society where everyone is treated fairly and with respect. 参考答案 I.单项选择 1.A2.A3.A4.A5.A6.A7.A8.A9.A10.A Ⅱ根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.freedom 2.citizen 3.damage 4.reform 5.threat 6.church 7.approve 8.minimum 9.arrest 10.discrimination I.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.freedom 2.citizens 3.damage 4.reform 5.threat 6.church 7.staying 8.minimum 9.arrest 10.discrimination V.完成句子 1.national independence 2.seriously damaged 3.reform the education system 4.poses a threat to others 5.go to church 6.approved our plan 7.minimum score 8.arrested the thief P 高中选择性必修第二册沪教版 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及综合训练 V语篇填空 1.freedom 2.citizen 3.discrimination 4.reforms 5.damage 6.threat 7.arrest 8.church