Unit 4 Words一-2025-2026学年高中英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲选择性必修第三册（沪教版）

高中选择性必修第三册沪教版 【寒假专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 寒假专版 【Unit4】Words 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 本单元核心词汇 一、 全部单元单词 estimate/'estimert/v.估计：估计算机系统)：砍；劈 成 价：估算 extend/k'stend/v.扩大…的horn /ho:n/n.（乐器)号 evolve/'volv/v.逐步发展：逐范围（或影响）：使伸长：扩大 interval/'ntavl/n.间隔；间隙 渐演变 universally/junI'v3sli/adv.burst/b3st/n.突发；迸发 alternative:l't3ntv/n.可供全体地；一致地：普遍地 idiot/1diat/n.傻瓜；笨蛋 选择的事物 cybercrime/'sarbakraim/n.网络 Confucianism /kan'fju:fenizam/ superior/su:'praria(r)/adj.上等犯罪 n.儒家学说 的：较好的 comic/'kpmik/adj.喜剧的 kindergarten /'kindaga:tn/n. elegant/'eligant/adj.优美的：文combine /kam'bam/v.结合；组儿园 雅的：简练的；简洁的 合 hack /haek/v.非法侵入（他人的formation /f:'men/n.组成；形 词义辨析及同义替换 l.estimate/'estmmeit/v.估计：估价；估算 词义辨析： estimate:指根据已知信息或经验对数量、价值等进行大致推算，强调“估算”的动作或结果，既 可作动词也可作名词（如give an estimate)。 evaluate:侧重“评价、评估”，强调对事物的价值、质量或重要性进行判断。 同义替换： assess,calculate 例句： Scientists estimate that the project will take three years to complete. 真题链接：（沪教版高中选择性必修三同步练习） We need to」 the cost of building a new library before making a decision. A.estimate B.evolve C.extend(答案：A) 高中选择性必修第三册沪教版 【寒假专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 2.superior/s:'piaria()/adj.上等的；较好的 词义辨析： superior:强调“质或地位上优于他人/物”，后常接介词to,无比较级形式（本身含比较意义）。 excellent:侧重“极好的、卓越的”，指品质超出一般水平，可用于人或事物。 同义替换： better,excellent 例句： This brand of coffee is superior to the one I bought last week 真题链接：（沪教版高中选择性必修三单元测试） The new model of the phone is in performance to the old one A.superior B.elegant C.alternative (答案：A) 3.elegant/'eligant/adj.优美的；文雅的：简练的：简洁的 词义辨析： elegant:可形容人（举止文雅）、物（设计优美）或语言（简练精准），侧重“高雅、精致”。 graceful:主要指“姿态或动作优雅的”，如舞蹈、礼仪等。 同义替换： graceful,refined 例句： The designer created an elegant dress for the award ceremony. 真题链接：（沪教版高中选择性必修三阅读拓展） Her speech was short and,winning applause from the audience. A.superior B.elegant C.comic (答案：B) 4.extend/k'stend/v.扩大…的范围（或影响）：使伸长；扩大 词义辨析： extend:指“空间、时间、范围等的延伸”，如extend a road(扩建道路)、extend a deadline(延 长截止日期)。 expand:侧重“体积、规模的扩大”，如expand a business(拓展业务)，也可指“思想扩展”。 同义替换： expand,prolong 例句： The company plans to extend its market to Southeast Asia. 真题链接： (沪教版高中选择性必修三语法填空) We need to (extension)the meeting by 30 minutes to discuss the new project. (答案：extend) 5.combine/kam'baI/v.结合；组合 2 高中选择性必修第三册沪教版 【寒假专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 词义辨析： combine:指“两个或多个事物结合成一体”，常用搭配combine A with B。 miⅸ：侧重“混合”，尤指不同物质搅拌融合（如miⅸwater and flour),也可指抽象事物“混淆”。 同义替换： mix,integrate 例句： The recipe tells us to combine sugar with butter before adding flour. 真题链接：（沪教版高中选择性必修三完形填空） Successful learning requires knowledge with practice. A.combining B.evolving C.hacking(答案：A) 6.formation /f:'men/n.组成；形成 词义辨析： formation:指“事物形成的过程或结果”，如the formation of a team(团队的组建)、rock formations (岩层结构)。 creation:侧重“创造出原本不存在的事物”，如the creation of art(艺术创作)。 同义替换： creation,development 例句： The formation of the solar system is a topic studied by astronomers. 真题链接：（沪教版高中选择性必修三词汇运用） The of a good habit takes time and patience. A.formation B.interval C.burst (答案：A) 7.interval/'ntavl/n.间隔：间隙 词义辨析： interval:指“时间或空间上的间隔”，如an inte1 val of 10 minutes(l0分钟的间隔)，也可指“幕 间休息”。 gap:侧重“两个事物之间的缝隙或差距”，如a gap between two buildings(两栋楼之间的gap)、 a generation gap(代沟)。 同义替换： gap,pause 例句： There will be a 20-minute interval after the first act of the play. 真题链接：（沪教版高中选择性必修三听力理解） Trains leave the station at of 15 minutes during rush hour. A.bursts B.intervals C.estimates (答案：B) 8.burst /b3st/n.突发：迸发 高中选择性必修第三册沪教版 【寒假专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 词义辨析： burst:指“突然爆发的动作或状态”，如a burst of laughter(一阵笑声)、入a burst of energy(一股 千劲)，也可作动词(burst into tears突然大哭)。 outbreak:侧重“（疾病、战争等的）爆发”，如the outbreak of a disease(疾病爆发)。 同义替换： outbreak,explosion 例句： The crowd cheered with a burst of excitement when the team scored. 真题链接：（沪教版高中选择性必修三阅读理解） A sudden of rain interrupted the outdoor concert A.burst B.homC.formation(答案：A) 9.comic/'kpmik/adj.喜剧的 词义辨析： comic:指“喜剧的、滑稽的”，侧重通过情节或对话引人发笑（如comic books漫画书），也可 作名词“喜剧演员”。 amusing:含义更广，指“有趣的、引人愉快的”，不一定是“喜剧性”的。 同义替换： amusing,funny 例句： The movie has a comic ending that makes everyone laugh. 真题链接：（沪教版高中选择性必修三写作任务） Write a short story about a misunderstanding between two friends. (答案：comic) l0.alternative/bl't3 natrv/,n.可供选择的事物 词义辨析： alternative:指“多个选项中的另一种选择”，尤指“非传统或替代方案”，后常接介词to。 choice:泛指“选择的权利或对象”，如have no choice(别无选择)。 同义替换： option,choice 例句： If you don't like coffee,we have the alternative of tea or juice. 真题链接：（沪教版高中选择性必修三阅读理解） The government is considering an to the new policy to reduce costs. A.alternative B.cybercrime C.kindergarten (答案：A) l1.universally/jur'v3ssli/adv.全体地；一致地；普遍地 4 高中选择性必修第三册沪教版 【寒假专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 词义辨析： universally:强调“在所有情况下或对所有人都适用”，如universally accepted(被普遍接受)。 generally:侧重“大体上、通常”，指多数情况但非绝对（如generally speaking一般而言）。 同义替换： generally,widely 例句： The value of honesty is universally recognized across cultures. 真题链接：（沪教版高中选择性必修三语法填空） It is (universal)agreed that education is the key to development. (答案：universally) 12.evolve/r'volv/v.逐步发展：逐渐演变 词义辨析： evolve:指“事物随时间逐步发展或进化”，如evolve from(从…演变而来)、evolve a theory (逐步形成理论)。 develop:泛指“成长、发展”，可用于人(develop skills)、物(develop a plan)或抽象概念。 同义替换： develop,advance 例句： Language evolves as society changes over time. 真题链接：（沪教版高中选择性必修三单元测试） Some species to survive in extreme environments. A.evolve B.estimate C.hack (答案：A) 综合演练 综合练习 一、 单项选择 1.The architect needs to the cost of materials before starting the construction. A.estimate B.evaluate C.evolve 2.This new software is far to the old version in terms of speed and efficiency. A.elegant B.superior C.alternative 5 高中选择性必修第三册沪教版 【寒假专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 3.The designer's use of color and texture made the exhibition stand out. A.comic B.graceful C.elegant 4.The company decided to its business into European markets next year. A.extend B.expand C.burst 5.To improve your writing,try totheory with practical examples. A.mix B.combine C.integrate 6.The of a habit requires consistent effort and patience. A.formation B.creation C.development 7.The lecture will be followed by a 15-minute for questions and answers. A.gap B.interval C.pause 8.A sudden of applause broke out when the performer finished singing. A.burst B.outbreak C.explosion 9.The movie's scenes made the audience laugh throughout the film. A.amusing B.funny C.comic 10.If this plan fails,we need to have an ready to implement immediately. A.option B.choice C.alternative 二、根据句意及首字母提示填空 1.The scientist tried to e the number of stars in the Milky Way. 6 高中选择性必修第三册沪教版 【寒假专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 2.This brand of tea is s to others because of its unique flavor. 3.Her e manners at the party impressed all the guests. 4.The government plans to e the highway to connect more cities. 5.It's important to c theory with practice in language learning. 6.The f of the team took three months of careful selection 7.There is an i of 30 minutes between two consecutive flights. 8.A b of heavy rain caused flooding in the low-lying areas. 9.The children were entertained by the c stories in the book. 10.We should consider an a to chemical fertilizers to protect the soil 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The project manager asked his team to make an(estimate)of the total expenses. 2.This painting is (superior)to the one we saw yesterday in terms of technique. 3.The designer created an(elegant)solution to the space problem. 4.They need to (extension)the deadline by one week to finish the report. 5.The recipe requires (combine)flour with sugar before adding milk 6.The (form)of a new government is expected to take place next month 7.Trains leave the station at regular (interval)during peak hours 8.She was shocked by the sudden (burst)of anger from her colleague. 9.The novel is written in a (comic)style that appeals to young readers. 10.Is there an (alternatively)way to solve this problem without using a computer? 四、完成句子（每空一词） 1.专家们估计这个项目将花费超过一千万美元。 Experts that the project will cost over ten million dollars. 2.这种新型材料在强度上优于传统材料。 This new material is traditional materials in strength 1 高中选择性必修第三册沪教版 【寒假专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 3.她的演讲简洁而优雅，赢得了全场的掌声。 Her speech was short and winning applause from the entire audience 4.公司决定将业务扩展到亚洲市场。 The company decided to its business Asian markets 5.成功的学习需要把理论和实践结合起来。 Successful learning requires theory practice. 五、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 Scientists often need to (1)(estimate/evaluate)the potential impact of new technologies.A recent study shows that AI systems are(2)(superior/excellent)to humans in certain tasks,such as data analysis.However,experts emphasize that AI should be(3)(combined/mixed)with human judgment to avoid errors. The (4) .(formation/creation)of ethical guidelines for AI has become a global issue.Gov- ernments around the world are working together to (5)(extend/expand)the scope of these guidelines.During the conference,there was a 20-minute(6)(interval/gap)for discussions, during which a(7)(burst/outbreak)of ideas was shared among participants. Many agreed that an(8)_ (alternative/choice)approach to AI development is necessaryto ensure safety.It is(9) (universally/generally)accepted that collaboration between tech companies and policymakers will help AI(10) (evolve/develop)in a responsible way 参考答案 I.单项选择 1.A2B3.C4.A5.B6.A7B8.A9.C10.A IⅡ根据句意及首字母提示填空 1.estimate 2.superior 3.elegant 4.extend 5.combine 6.formation 7.interval 8.burst 9.comic 10.alternative Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.estimate 2.superior 3.elegant 4.extend 5.combining 6.formation 7.intervals 8.burst 9.comic 10.alternative V.完成句子 1.estimate 2.superior;to 3.elegant 4.extend;to 5.combining;with 8 高中选择性必修第三册沪教版 【寒假专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 V.语篇填空 1.estimate 2.superior 3.combined 4.formation 5.extend 6.interval 7.burst 8.alter- native 9.universally 10.evolve