Unit 12 Innovation Lesson 1-2025-2026学年高中英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲选择性必修第四册（北师大版）

高中选修4北师大版 【创新单元】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 创新单元 【Unit12】Innovation Lesson1 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 本单元核心词汇 一、全部单元单词 scientific/,saian'tfik/adj.科学性事件 million/'miljan/num.百万 的：科学上的 premier/'premia/ad.最好的：最humble/"hAmb/adj.谦虚的；谦 microscope/'makr3 skaup/n.显重要的 卑的 微镜 outspoken/,at'sp3kan/adj.坦outcome/'atkm/n.结果；后果 donate/du'net/vt.&vi.捐赠：率的：直言不讳的 nay/nervi/n.海军 捐献 subsequently/'sAbsikwantli/adv.accuracy/'ekjr3si/n.准确性： correspond/,kDrr'spond/vi.符后来：随后 精准度 合：相应；通信 relativity/,rel'trvati/n.相对性missile/misail/n.导弹；飞弹 instant/'nstant/adj.立即的：即 constant/'kpnstant/adj.恒久不physicist/'fizisIst//n.物理学家 时的：n.瞬间：片刻 变的；持续不断的；n.常量；恒joint/d3omt/ad.联合的：共同 launch /lo:nt∫/t.发射：发起；推量 的：共有的 出：n.发射：发行 finding/'fand如/n.研究结果；发tube /tju:b/n.圆管：管子；电视 satellite/'stat/n.卫星；人造现 显像管 卫星 biologist/bar'olad3Ist/n.生物学circuit/'s3kt/n.电路：线路：环 orbit/'obt/n.轨道：t.&vi.绕 家 形道路 …轨道运行 mould /mauld/n.霉：霉菌 efficiently/'fr[intli/adv.有效率 split/splt/vi.&t.分割：把…penicil训in/,penr'slm/n.青霉素；地：高效能地 分开：分成（不同部分） 盘尼西林 propose /pra'pauz/vt.提出（观 particle/pa:trkl//n.粒子；质点 perceive /p3'si:v/t.察觉：注意点、方法等) drama/'dram/n.戏剧；戏剧到：发觉 词义辨析及同义替换 1.instant/nstant/adj.立即的；即时的：n.瞬间；片刻 词义辨析： instant:强调时间上“瞬间发生、毫不延迟”，作形容词时可修饰具体事物（如instant coffee)或 抽象概念（如instant success):作名词表示“片刻”。 immediate:侧重“直接的、紧迫的”，强调时间上的紧迫性和直接性，如immediate action（立即 高中选修4北师大版 【创新单元】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 行动)。 同义替换： immediate,prompt 例句： The company announced the launch of a new product and received instant popularity. 真题链接： (北师大版高中选修4同步练习) We need an response to the problem before it gets worse. A.instant B.late C.slow ·(答案：A) 2.outcome/'atkm/n.结果：后果 词义辨析： outcome:侧重指“事件经过发展后的最终结果”，尤指经过努力、计划或一系列事件后的结局， 中性词。 esut:含义最广，可指任何行动、过程或事件的最终结果，使用范围更广。 同义替换： result,consequence 例句： The outcome of the experiment surprised all the scientists in the lab. 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修4单元测试） The of the research will be published in a scientific journal next month A.finding B.outcome C.accuracy(答案：B) 3.perceive /p'si:vt.察觉；注意到；发觉 词义辨析： perceive:强调通过感官或思维“意识到、理解”，常指主观上的“感知”，如perceive a change (察觉到变化)。 notice:侧重“偶然注意到”，指通过视觉、听觉等感官发现某物或某事，较口语化。 同义替换： notice,detect 例句： She perceived a slight difference in the color of the two samples. 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修4阅读理解改编） From the experiment,the biologist that the mould had killed the bacteria. A.ignored B.perceived C.forgot (答案：B) 4.prop0sepr3'pUz/t.提出（观点、方法等） 词义辨析： propose:侧重“正式提出计划、建议、观点”，常与todo或that从句连用（从句用虚拟语气）， 2 高中选修4北师大版 【创新单元】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 如propose a solution(提出解决方案)。 suggest:.含义更广，可指“建议、暗示”，语气较委婉，后接doing或that从句（从句可用should+ 动词原形，should可省略)。 同义替换： suggest,put forward 例句： The physicist proposed a new theory to explain the phenomenon 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修4语法填空） He (propose)that we should carry out the experiment together. (答案：proposed) 5.constant/'kpnstant/adj.恒久不变的：持续不断的；n.常量；恒量 词义辨析： constant:作形容词时强调“持续的、不变的”，如constant efforts(持续的努力)：作名词指数 学、科学中的“常量”。 continuous: 侧重“连续不断的”，中间无间隔，如continuous rain(连绵不断的雨)。 同义替换： continuous,steady 例句： The speed of light is a constant in physics. 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修4词汇运用） The noise from the construction site made it hard to focus. A.constant B.occasional C.sudden (答案：A) 6.finding/'famdu)/n.研究结果：发现 词义辨析： finding:常用复数形式findings,指“（学术、研究的）调查结果、发现”，较正式。 discovery:侧重“首次发现、探索到的新事物或新现象”，如the discovery of penicillin(青霉素 的发现)。 同义替换： discovery,result 例句： The team's findings were published in a top scientific magazine. 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修4阅读理解） According to the of the study,the new drug is effective in treating the disease. A.findings B.outcomes C.accuracies (答案：A) 7.humble/"hmbl/adj.谦虚的；谦卑的 词义辨析： humble:指人“谦虚的、不骄傲的”，也可表示“地位低下的、简陋的”，如a humble beginning 高中选修4北师大版 【创新单元】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 (卑微的出身)。 modest:侧重“谦逊的、不夸大的”，强调对自己能力或成就的低调态度，如modest about success (对成功谦虚)。 同义替换： modest,unassuming 例句： Despite his great achievements,the scientist remained humble. 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修4完形填空） Einstein was known for his _nature,though he was one of the greatest physicists. A.proud B.humble C.selfish (答案：B) 8.accurate/'aekjarat/adj.准确的；精准的 词义辨析： accurate:强调“数据、信息、测量等准确无误”，与accuracy（名词)对应，如accurate data(准 确数据)。 exact:侧重“与事实完全一致、精确的”，如exact time(确切时间)。 同义替换： exact,precise 例句： The missile's accuracy depends on the accurate calculation of its orbit. 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修4词汇辨析） The experiment requires measurements to ensure the result is reliable A.accurate B.rough C.casual (答案：A) 9.joint/d3 omt/adj..联合的：共同的；共有的 词义辨析： joint:强调“两个或多个主体共同的、联合的”，如joint research(联合研究)、joint effort(共同 努力)。 common:侧重“普遍的、共有的”，指多人或事物共同拥有，如common interest(共同兴趣)。 同义替换： common,shared 例句： The two universities started a joint project to study climate change 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修4语法填空） They made a (joint)decision to publish the findings together. (答案：joint) l0.launch /lo:ntf/t.发射：发起；推出：n.发射：发行 词义辨析： launch:作动词时可指“发射（卫星、导弹）”“发起（运动）”“推出（产品）”：作名词指“发 高中选修4北师大版 【创新单元】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 射、发行”，如the launch of a satellite(卫星发射)。 send:含义较广，可指“发送、派遣”，如send a letter(寄信)，但“发射”需用launch。 同义替换： send up(发射)，initiate(发起) 例句： The country plans to launch a new satellite next month 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修4阅读理解) The first artificial satellite,Sputnik 1,wasby the Soviet Union in 1957. A.launched B.found C.split(答案：A) 11.split/splrt/vi..&t.分割；把…分开；分成（不同部分） 词义辨析： split:强调“将整体分成若干部分”，常与into连用，如split into groups（分成小组)。 divide:侧重“按比例或数量分割”，常与into或among连用，如divide the cake into pieces(把 蛋糕分成块)。 同义替换： divide,separate 例句： The class split into two teams to discuss the problem. 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修4词汇运用） The project was into three parts to make it easier to complete. A.split B.joined C.launched(答案：A) 12.correspond/,kDr'sppnd/vi.符合：相应：通信 词义辨析： correspond:作“符合、相应”时，常与with/to连用，如correspond with the facts(与事实相符)： 作“通信”时，后接with。 agree:侧重“意见、看法一致”，如agree with sb.(同意某人)。 同义替换： match,communicate(通信) 例句： Her actions do not correspond with her words 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修4语法填空） The results of the experiment (correspond)with the previous findings. (答案：corresponded) 综合演练 高中选修4北师大版 【创新单元】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 综合练习 一、 单项选择 1.The team needs an decision to solve the urgent problem immediately A.instant B.late C.slow 2.The of the project will be announced at the end of this month after all tests are completed. A.finding B.outcome C.accuracy 3.After careful observation,the scientist a small change in the chemical reaction A.ignored B.perceived C.forgot 4.The engineer a new design to improve the efficiency of the machine. A.proposed B.suggested C.put forward 5.The noise from the factory next door made it impossible for her to concentrate on her work. A.constant B.occasional C.sudden 6.According to the of the survey,most students prefer online learning to traditional classes. A.findings B.outcomes C.accuracies 7.Despite winning the Nobel Prize,the scientist remained and never showed off his achieve- ments. A.proud B.humble C.selfish 8.The experiment requires measurements to ensure the results are reliable A.accurate B.rough C.casual 6 高中选修4北师大版 【创新单元】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 9.The two companies started a research program to develop new energy technology. A.joint B.common C.shared 10.The first moon landing mission was by NASA in 1969. A.launched B.found C.split 二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.We need an (立即的)response to the emergency call. 2.The final (of the competition will be announced tomorrow. 3.She (that her friend was upset and tried to comfort her. 4.The professor (提出)a new theory to explain the phenomenon. 5.The (持续的)rain for three days caused flooding in the area. 6.The research team's()were published in a famous science journal. 7.The(G准确的)data is crucial for the success of the experiment 8.They made a_ (联合的)effort to finish the project on time. 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The company(launch)a new product line last month to meet market demand. 2.The results of the experiment(correspond)with the previous research findings. 3.The class (split)into four groups to discuss different topics. 4.He (propose)that we should start the project next Monday. 5.The speed of light is a (constant)in physics. 四、完成句子（每空一词） 1.这个新产品一推出就获得了即时的成功。 The new product gained as soon as it was launched. 1 高中选修4北师大版 【创新单元】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 2.实验的结果与我们的预期完全一致。 The of the experiment our expectations completely. 3.他谦虚地接受了表扬，说这是团队共同努力的结果。 He accepted the praise and said it was the result of 4.为了确保数据准确，科学家们进行了多次测量。 To ensure the data is scientists conducted measurements. 五、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 Scientists often work on projects that require(1)(accurate/exact)measurements and(2) (constant/continuous)efforts.Last year,a team of researchers(3)(proposed/suggested)ajoint study to explore climate change.They split their work into three parts and each group focused on different tasks.After months of research,their (4)(findings/outcomes)showed that global temperatures are rising faster than expected.The results(5) (corresponded/agreed)with data from other studies.The team leader,known for his(6) (humble/modest)nature,emphasized that the success was due to (7) (joint/common)effort. 参考答案 I.单项选择 1.A2B 3B4.A5.A6.A7.B8.A9.A10.A IⅡ.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.instant 2.outcome 3.perceived 4.proposed 5.constant 6.findings 7.accurate 8.joint I.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.launched 2.corresponded 3.split 4.proposed 5.constant V.完成句子 1.instant popularity 2.outcome;corresponded with 3.humbly,joint effort 4.accurate;multiple V.语篇填空 1.accurate 2.constant 3.proposed 4.findings 5.corresponded 6.humble 7.joint P