Unit 11 Conflict and Compromise Lesson 2-2025-2026学年高中英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲选择性必修第四册（北师大版）

高中选修4北师大版 【Umit11】 Conflict and Compromise Lesson 2 词汇精讲 【Unit 11】Conflict and Compromise Lesson 2 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 本单元核心词汇 一、全部单元单词 violently'varelantli/adv.激烈cigarette/,sIg3'ret/n.香烟 tax/taeks/n.税，税款 地，剧烈地：凶猛地，暴力地alcohol /'aelkahpl/n.含酒精饮false/f:Is/adj.不正确的，错的： withdraw /wi'dr/i.&t.品；酒 假的，不真实的 (使)退出（活动、组织等） fried /frard/adj.油炸的，油煎的invest/m'vest/vi.&t.投资 firmly/f3mli/adv.坚定地，坚harm /ha'm/t.伤害：n.损害，conclude /kan'klu:d/t.作出结 决地 危害 论，推断出 ban /baen/t.禁止，取缔；n.禁desirable/d'zarerabl/adj.理想beneficial/benr'f/adj.有利 令，禁止 的，值得拥有的：值得做的 的，有帮助的，有用的 tobacco/t妇'beka/n.烟叶，烟草*obesity/aU'bi:sti/n.肥胖（症） 词义辨析及同义替换 1.ban /ban/t.禁止，取缔：n.禁令，禁止 词义辨析： bn:语气较强，指官方或权威机构正式“禁止”，含严厉制止之意，可接名词或动名词，如ban smoking。 forbid:侧重个人或特定场合的“禁止”，语气较温和，常用forbid sb.to do sth.结构。 同义替换： forbid,prohibit 例句： The government has banned the sale of tobacco to minors. 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修4同步练习） Smoking is in public places in many countries. A.allowed B.banned 高中选修4北师大版 【Uit11】 Conflict and Compromise Lesson 2 C.encouraged (答案：B) 2. harm /ha:m/vt.伤害；n.损害，危害 词义辨析： harm:泛指对人或事物造成的“损害、伤害”，程度可轻可重，常用搭配do harm to。 ut:侧重对身体或情感的“疼痛、伤害”，作不及物动词时指“感到疼痛”。 damage:主要指对物品的“损坏”，强调价值或功能的降低。 同义替换： injure,damage,hurt 例句： Too much screen time may harm your eyesight. 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修4单元测试） Pollution does great to the environment. A.harm B.good C.help (答案：A) 3. beneficial/benr'fil/adj.有利的，有帮助的，有用的 词义辨析： beneficial:强调对健康、发展等“有益的、有正面影响的”，常用搭配be beneficial to。 useful:含义较广，指某物“有用的、具有实用价值的”，可用于各种场合。 advantageous: 侧重“有利的、有优势的”，常与“利益、竞争”等语境相关。 同义替换： useful,helpful,advantageous 例句： Regular exercise is beneficial to both physical and mental health. 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修4学业水平测试） Reading widely isto improving your writing skills. A.harmful B.beneficial C.difficult (答案：B) 4.conclude/kan'klu:d/t.作出结论，推断出 词义辨析： conclude:指通过推理或证据“得出结论”，常用搭配conclude that..或conclude from..o 2 高中选修4北师大版 【Uit11】 Conflict and Compromise Lesson 2 infer:侧重根据已知信息“推断、推定”，语气较客观。 summarize:指对内容进行“总结、概括”，侧重提炼要点。 同义替换： infer,deduce,draw a conclusion 例句： We can conclude from the data that the new policy is effective. 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修4阅读理解题） What can we from the passage? A.conclude B.forget C.ignore (答案：A) 5.withdraw /wio'dro:/vi.&t.(使)退出（活动、组织等） 词义辨析： withdraw:指“退出、撤离”，可接from表示退出的范围，如withdraw from the competition。 quit:强调“主动放弃、辞职”，后接名词或动名词，如quit the job。 retreat:侧重“撤退、退缩”，常指军事上或面对困难时的后退。 同义替换： quit,pull out,retreat 例句： He decided to withdraw from the project due to personal reasons. 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修4词汇运用题） The team had to from the game because of injury. A.withdraw B.join C.start (答案：A) 6.firm/f3m/adj.坚定的：牢固的（注：输入中为firmly,此处补充其形容词形式用于辨析） 词义辨析： fim:作形容词时，指“坚定的、牢固的”，强调立场或物体结构稳定，如firm belief。. steady:侧重“稳定的、持续的”，可形容状态、速度等，如steady progress。 solid:指“固体的、结实的”，强调质地坚硬或内容充实，如solid evidence。. 同义替换(firmly): steadily,resolutely 例句 She held a firm belief that she would succeed. 高中选修4北师大版 【Uit11】 Conflict and Compromise Lesson 2 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修4语法填空） He shook his head (firm)and refused to accept the offer (答案：firmly) 7.false/fo:ls/adj.不正确的，错的：假的，不真实的 词义辨析： false:指信息、声明等“虚假的、错误的”，或物品“伪造的”，如false information。 wrong:含义较宽泛，指“不正确的、错误的”，可用于描述行为、判断等。 fake:侧重“伪造的、冒充的”，指模仿真物制造的假货，如fake money。 同义替换： untrue,incorrect.fake 例句： Spreading false news on the Internet is against the law. 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修4完形填空） The witness gave evidence,which made the case more complicated. A.false B.true C.clear (答案：A) 8.tax/taeks/n.税，税款 词义辨析： tax:泛指各种“税、税款”，如income tax（所得税)、sales tax(销售税)。 duty:侧重“关税、职责”，指对进出口商品征收的税，如import duty。 fee:指“费用、酬金”，如学费、服务费等，如membership fee。. 同义替换： duty,tariff 例句： Citizens have the responsibility to pay tax according to the law. 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修4阅读理解） The government plans to increase on luxury goods to reduce consumption. A.tax B.salary C.price (答案：A) 9.desirable/dr'zaiarabl/adj.理想的，值得拥有的；值得做的 词义辨析： desirable:指“值得拥有的、理想的”，强调符合愿望或需求，如desirable qualities。. 高中选修4北师大版 【Uit11】 Conflict and Compromise Lesson 2 advisable:侧重“明智的、可取的”，指行为或建议合理，如advisable to do sth.。 preferable:指“更可取的、更好的”，用于两者比较，常用preferable to。 同义替换： ideal.beneficial.advisable 例句： It is desirable to start learning a second language at an early age. 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修4书面表达） In your opinion,what is the mostquality for a leader? (答案：desirable) l0.invest/m'vest/vi.&t.投资 词义辨析： invest:指“投资”，可接in表示投资对象，如invest in stocks,也可指“投入（时间、精力）”。 spend:侧重“花费（时间、金钱）”，常用spend.on sth.或spend.(in)doing sth.。 devote:指“致力于、投入”，常与to连用，如devote oneself to a cause。 同义替换： put money into,fund 例句： Many young people choose to invest in education to improve their skills. 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修4词汇填空） They decided to (invest)their savings in a new business. (答案：invest) 1l.violently/varalentli/adv.激烈地，剧烈地；凶猛地，暴力地 词义辨析： violently:指行为“暴力地”或自然现象“剧烈地”，如shake violently。 fiercely::侧重“激烈地、猛烈地”，可形容战斗、竞争或情感，如argue fiercely。 severely:强调“严重地、严厉地”，如be severely injured(受重伤)。 同义替换： fiercely,intensely 例句： The storm hit the coastal area violently last night 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修4完形填空） The two men fought over the property,and both were hurt. A.violently B.gently C.silently (答案：A) 5 高中选修4北师大版 【Unit 11】 Conflict a andC om promise Lesson 2 12.alcohol/'alko hpl/n.含酒精饮品； 酒 词义辨析： alcohol：泛指“酒精、含酒精饮品”， 科学或正式用语， 如alcohol content。 wine：指“葡萄酒”， 尤指果酒。 liquor：指蒸馏制成的“烈酒”， 如白酒、威士忌等。 同义替换： drink， spirits 例句： The doctor advised him to avoid alcohol to protect his liver. 真题链接：(北师大版高中选修4阅读理解) According to the passage， which of the following contains the highest percentage of ? A.alcohol B.water C.sugar (答案：A) 13.obesity /ao'bi：st i//. 肥胖(症) 词义辨析： obesity： 医学术语， 指“肥胖症”， 强调病理状态。 overweight： 指“超重”， 体重超过正常标准， 但未达到肥胖症 综合演练 综合练习 一、单项选择 1.The local goverment has the use of plastic bags to reduce pollution. A.allowed B.banned C.encouraged 2.Staying up late for along time may your health seriously. A.harm B.help C.improve 3.Regular exercise is to maintaining a healthy weight. A.harmful 6 高中选修4北师大版 【Umit11】 Conflict and Compromise Lesson 2 B.beneficial C.difficult 4.What can we from the research results? A.conclude B.forget C.ignore 5.Due to the bad weather,the team had to from the outdoor activity. A.withdraw B.join C.start 6.The witness provided information,which led to the wrong judgment. A.false B.true C.clear 7.The government plans to increaseon high-sugar drinks next year. A.tax B.salary C.price 8.Itis to wear a mask in crowded places during the flu season A.harmful B.desirable C.useless 二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.Drinking too much (酒精)can cause liver damage.. 2.The doctor warned that (肥胖)increases the risk of heart disease. 3.She held a (坚定的)belief that hard work would lead to success. 4.The storm hit the area (剧烈地)，causing many houses to collapse. 5.Many people choose to (投资)in real estate as a long-term plan. 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.He shook his head (firm)and said he would never give up. 7 高中选修4北师大版 【Umit11】 Conflict and Compromise Lesson 2 2.Spreading (false)information online is against the law. 3.Regular reading is(beneficial)to improving language skills. 4.They decided to (invest)their savings in a new tech company. 5.The two teams competed (violently)for the championship. 四、完成句子（每空一词） l.吸烟在许多公共场所被禁止。Smoking in many public places. 2.污染对环境造成了巨大危害。Pollution great the environment 3.我们可以从这些数据中得出结论：新政策有效。We can the data that the new policy is effective. 4.他因个人原因决定退出这个项目。He decided to the project due to personal rea- sons. 五、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 In many countries,smoking is(1) (ban)in public places to protect people's health.Doctors say smoking can(2)(harm)lungs and increase the risk of disease.It is(3) (beneficial) for smokers to quit smoking as soon as possible. Some people try to (4)(withdraw)from smoking by using nicotine patches.Others(5) (invest)time in exercise to distract themselves.(6) (Conclusion)from recent studies,quitting smoking can improve health within a few weeks. 参考答案 I.单项选择 1.B2.A3B4.A5.A6.A7.A8B Ⅱ.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.alcohol 2.obesity 3.firm 4.violently 5.invest ⅡⅡ用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.firmly 2.false 3.beneficial 4.invest 5.violently 8 高中选修4北师大版 【Umit11】 Conflict and Compromise Lesson 2 V.完成句子 1.is banned 2.does;harm to 3.conclude from 4.withdraw from V.语篇填空 1.banned 2.harm 3.beneficial 4.withdraw 5.invest 6.Concluding 9