Unit 12 Innovation Lesson 2、3-2025-2026学年高中英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲选择性必修第四册（北师大版）

高中选修4北师大版 【创新单元】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 创新单元 【Unit12】Innovation Lesson2&3 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 本单元核心词汇 一、全部单元单词 emerge/i'm3:dyvi.出现：浮现 theoretical/,3 retrk/adj.理论论：宇宙学 coincidence/kav'nsidans/n.巧的：理论上的 grand/graend/adj.宏伟的：壮丽 合：巧事 overcome/,aUva'km/t.克服的：隆重的 clueless/'klu:las/adj.一无所知（困难）：控制（感情）：征服 in spite of虽然；不顾；尽管… 的：一窍不通的 decline/dr'klan/v.减少：降低；（仍） incubation/,四kju'bern/n.孵化；谢绝；n.下降；衰退 bonus/bawn3s/n.意外收获；额 潜伏期 PhD (Doctor of Philosophy)n.外好处；奖金：红利 evaluation/,vaelju'erfn/n.评估：博士学位 gravity/'graevati/n.重力：引力 评价 cosmology /kDz'mDlad3i/n.宇宙 词义辨析及同义替换 1. emerge /'im3:d3yvi.出现；浮现 词义辨析： emerge:侧重指从隐藏、遮蔽或困境中“出现，浮现”，强调过程，如太阳从云层中出现、问题 逐渐显露。 appear:含义更广，泛指“出现，显现”，可指人或事物突然或自然地呈现，不强调过程。 同义替换： appear,surface 例句： After the rain,a rainbow emerged from behind the clouds 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修4同步练习） The sun from behind the clouds,warming the whole field. A.emerged B.appeared C.showed (答案：A) 高中选修4北师大版 【创新单元】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 2.decline/d'klan/v.减少：降低：谢绝：n.下降；衰退 词义辨析： decline作动词“谢绝”时：语气较委婉，指礼貌地拒绝邀请或提议，如decline an invitation。 refuse:语气较强硬，明确表示“拒绝”，后接名词或不定式，如refuse to do sth, decline作名词“下降”时：侧重数量、质量或能力的逐渐降低，如a decline in sales。 decrease:作名词时指“减少，降低”，强调数量上的减少，与increase相对。 同义替换： refuse(W.谢绝)，decrease(n.W.减少) 例句： She declined his invitation to the party because she was busy. 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修4单元测试） The company has seen a sharp in profits since last year A.decline B.refuse C.decrease (答案：A) 3.overcome/a5va'km/t.克服（困难）：控制（感情）：征服 词义辨析： overcome: 侧重指成功战胜困难、恐惧、坏习惯等抽象事物，如over come difficulties/fear。 defeat::主要指在战斗、比赛或竞争中“击败，战胜”对手，如defeat the enemy。 同义替换： conquer,get over 例句： With great determination,he overcame his shyness and became a public speaker. 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修4阅读填空） We need to the challenges together to achieve our goals. A.overcome B.defeat C.beat (答案：A) 4.evaluation/I,vaelju'e/n.评估；评价 词义辨析： evaluation:指对人或事物的价值、质量、效果等进行系统、全面的“评估，评价”，常用于正式 场合，如teacher evaluation。 assessment:侧重指对情况、需求或问题进行“评估，评定”，以确定其性质或程度，如risk as- sessment。 2 高中选修4北师大版 【创新单元】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 同义替换： assessment,appraisal 例句： The teacher's evaluation of his performance was very positive. 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修4写作指导） The manager asked for an of the new project before making a decision. A.evaluation B.assessment C.judgment (答案：A) 5.bonus/'baunes/n.意外收获：额外好处：奖金；红利 词义辨析： bonus:指工资外的“奖金，红利”，或计划外的“意外收获，额外好处”，如a Christmas bonus。 award:指因成就、贡献等获得的“奖品，奖项”，如an Oscar award。 同义替换： extra,reward 例句： As a bonus,the company offered all employees a free trip. 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修4完形填空） The workers were excited to receive a year-end for their hard work A.bonus B.award C.prize (答案：A) 6.gravity/'graevati/n.重力：引力 词义辨析： gravity:指地球或其他天体对物体的“重力，引力”，是科学术语：也可指“严重性”，如he gravity of the situation weight:指物体所受重力的大小，即“重量”，是名词，如lose weight。 同义替换： gravitational force 例句： Newton discovered the law of gravity when an apple fell from a tree. 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修4科普阅读） The moon's affects the tides on Earth A.gravity B.weight 高中选修4北师大版 【创新单元】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 C.force (答案：A) 7.theoretical/,0 Ia'retikl/adj.理论的：理论上的 词义辨析： theoretical::指基于理论而非实践的“理论上的”，如theoretical physics:与practical(实践的)相 对。 academic:侧重指与学校、学问相关的“学术的”，如academic research,范围更广。 同义替换： abstract,conceptual 例句： The idea sounds good in theoretical terms,but we need to test it in practice. 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修4词汇运用） knowledge alone is not enough;we must apply it to real life A.Theoretical B.Academic C.Practical (答案：A) 8.in spite of虽然；不顾：尽管…（仍…） 词义辨析： in spite of:是介词短语，后接名词、代词或动名词，如in spite of the rain。. although/though:是连词，后接从句，如although it rained。 同义替换： despite,regardless of 例句： In spite of his illness,he continued to work hard 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修4语法填空） the heavy traffic,we arrived at the station on time. A.In spite of B.Although C.Though (答案：A) 9.grand/graend/adj.宏伟的：壮丽的；隆重的 词义辨析： grand:强调规模宏大、气势雄伟或场面隆重，如a grand building/ceremony。 magnificent:侧重指外观华丽、精美，给人深刻印象，如a magnificent palace。 4 高中选修4北师大版 【创新单元】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 同义替换： magnificent,splendid 例句： The grand opening ceremony of the Olympics attracted millions of viewers 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修4阅读理解) The architecture of the ancient temple shows the wisdom of our ancestors. A.grand B.big C.large (答案：A) l0.coincidence/kau'nsidans/n.巧合：巧事 词义辨析： coincidence:指两件或多件事偶然同时发生，强调“巧合性”，如by coincidence。 accident:指“意外事故”，强调未预料到的不幸事件，如a car accident。 同义替换： chance,happenstance 例句： It was a coincidence that we met at the airport after ten years. 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修4完形填空） What a We both chose the same hotel for our vacation. A.coincidence B.accident C.incident (答案：A) 综合演练 综合练习 一、 单项选择 1.The sun from behind the clouds after the storm,lighting up the whole valley. A.emerged B.appeared C.showed 2.The company announced a in sales due to the economic downturn A.decline 高中选修4北师大版 【创新单元】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 B.refuse C.decrease 3.We need to our fear of failure to achieve success in life. A.overcome B.defeat C.beat 4.The manager requested a detailed of the new product before launching it. A.evaluation B.assessment C.judgment 5.The workers received a year-end for their excellent performance. A.bonus B.award C.prize 6.Newton's discovery of the law of changed the history of physics. A.gravity B.weight C.force 7. knowledge is important,but practical skills are equally necessary. A.Theoretical B.Academic C.Practical 8. the heavy rain,the football match continued as planned. A.In spite of B.Although C.Though 9.The design of the palace attracted tourists from all over the world. A.grand B.big C.large 10.What a We both bought the same book by accident A.coincidence B.accident C.incident 6 高中选修4北师大版 【创新单元】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.The problem (during the meeting and required immediate discussion. 2.There has been a sharp (in the number of students choosing science majors. 3.She managed to (her fear of heights and climbed the mountain. 4.The teacher gave a positive (评估)of the student's presentation. 5.Asa (额外好处)，the hotel offers free breakfast to all guests. 6.The (of the situation made everyone realize the urgency of the problem. 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The team (overcome)many difficulties to win the championship last year. 2.The」 (evaluate)of the project will be finished by the end of this month. 3.She (decline)the invitation because she had to attend an important meeting. 4.The (theoretical)basis of this research is still being discussed by scientists. 5.In spite of (rain)heavily,they continued their journey. 四、完成句子（每空一词) 1.尽管身体不适，他还是坚持完成了工作。 his illness,he insisted on finishing the work. 2.她礼貌地谢绝了参加派对的邀请。 She the invitation to the party politely. 3.我们需要共同努力克服这些挑战。 We need to work together tothese challenges. 4.经理要求在做出决定前对新项目进行评估。 The manager asked for an of the new project before making a decision. 五、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 高中选修4北师大版 【创新单元】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 After the long winter,spring finally arrived.One morning,the sun (1) (emerged/appeared) from behind the clouds,warming the earth.A group of scientists gathered to conduct an(2) (evaluation/assessment)of the local ecosystem.They had to (3)(overcome/defeat)many ob stacles,including bad weather and difficult terrain.During their research,they noticed a(4) (decline/decrease)in the number of birds.To understand the cause,they analyzed data and held dis- cussions.(5) (In spite of/Although)the challenges,they remained determined.As a(6) (bonus/award),they discovered a new species of butterfly,which made their efforts worthwhile. 参考答案 I.单项选择 1.A2.A3.A4.A5.A6.A7.A8.A9.A10.A Ⅱ.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.emerged 2.decline 3.overcome 4.evaluation 5.bonus 6.gravity ⅡI.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.overcame 2.evaluation 3.declined 4.theoretical 5.raining V.完成句子 1.In;spite;of 2.declined 3.overcome 4.evaluation V.语篇填空 1.emerged 2.evaluation 3.overcome 4.decline 5.In;spite;of 6.bonus P