Unit 9 Human Biology Topic Talk-2025-2026学年高中英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲选择性必修第三册（北师大版）

高中选修3北师大版 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 精讲专版 【Unit9】Human Biology Topic Talk 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 本单元核心词汇 一、全部单元单词 biology /bar'Dlad3i/n.生物学 核算 *vaccine/'vaeksi:n/n.疫苗 capability/kep3'bilati/n.(完成*physicist/'fizisist/n.物理学家 *resilience/r'zilians/n.恢复力， 困难事情的)能力，才能 *athletics/e0'letiks/n.田径运复原力，适应力 marathon/'mer30o/n.马拉松动会 participant /pa:'tIsipant//n.参加 赛跑 innovate/'mnavert/vi.&t.革新，者，参与者 justify/d3 Astrfar/v.证明…有创新，改革 *doping/'dwp叫/n.使用违禁药 道理，为…辩护 betterment/'betamant/n.(个人物（以提高体育比赛的成绩） infer /m'f3:/vt.推断，推定 社会和经济地位的狗改良，改善， calculate/'kaelkjulert/t.计算，提高 词义辨析及同义替换 1. capability/,kep3blti/n.(完成困难事情的)能力，才能 词义辨析： capability:侧重指人或事物潜在的、能完成复杂任务的能力，后常接of doing sth。 ability:普通用词，指人通过学习或实践获得的做某事的能力，后接to do sth。 同义替换： ability,capacity 例句： Her capability of solving difficult problems impressed the manager 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修3同步练习） The team showed great to overcome the challenges during the project A.capability B.activity C.possibility (答案：A) 高中选修3北师大版 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 2.justify/'d3 Astifar/v.证明…有道理，为…辩护 词义辨析： justify:强调通过理由或证据证明行为、决定的合理性，宾语多为抽象名词（如action,.decision)。 defend:侧重“保卫、辩护”，可指保护某人/某物免受攻击，或为某人的行为辩解。 同义替换： defend,vindicate 例句： The government tried to justify the new policy with economic data. 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修3单元测试） How can you your absence from such an important meeting? A.justify B.forgive C.explain (答案：A) 3.infer/n'f3:/vt.推断，推定 词义辨析： infer:指根据已知事实或证据“推断”出结论，主语多为人。 deduce:逻辑上更严谨，指通过推理步骤得出结论，语气比infer强。 同义替换： deduce,conclude 例句： From her smile,we can infer that she was satisfied with the result 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修3阅读理解改编）》 What can we from the last paragraph of the passage? A.infer B.imagine C.predict (答案：A) 4.calculate/'kaelkjulert/vt.计算，核算 词义辨析： calculate:侧重通过数学运算或公式“计算”具体数值，如时间、数量、成本等。 compute:正式用词，与calculate同义，但更强调用计算机或精密方法计算。 同义替换： compute,figure out 例句： Scientists need to calculate the speed of the satellite accurately. 2 高中选修3北师大版 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修3同步练习） Please the total cost of the project and report it to me tomorrow. A.calculate B.estimate C.count (答案：A) 5.innovate/'neveit/.vi.&t.革新，创新，改革 词义辨析： innovate:指引入新方法、新技术或创造新事物，强调“创新”的动作。 create:侧重“创造出原本不存在的事物”，如艺术作品、想法等。 同义替换： create,introduce new ideas 例句： Companies must innovate to keep up with the changing market. 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修3单元写作） The key to success in science is to and never stop exploring A.innovate B.repeat C.copy (答案：A) 6.betterment/betamant/n.(个人社会和经济地位的)改良，改善，提高 词义辨析： betterment:侧重个人或社会地位、条件的“逐步改善”，为正式名词。 improvement::普通用词，指任何方面（如健康、环境、技能）的“改进、提高”。 同义替换： improvement,advancement 例句： Education is crucial for the betterment of one's social status. 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修3阅读理解） The organization aims to promote the of living conditions in rural areas. A.betterment B.development C.management (答案：A) 7.resilience'zlians/n.恢复力，复原力，适应力 高中选修3北师大版 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 词义辨析： resilience:指人或事物在面对困难、压力时的“恢复力、适应力”，为正式名词。 adaptability:侧重“适应新环境、新情况的能力”，后常接to sth。 同义替换： adaptability,toughness 例句： The plant's resilience to drought makes it suitable for desert areas. 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修3完形填空） Children who grow up in a supportive family often have strong when facing challenges. A.resilience B.patience C.curiosity (答案：A) &.participant/pa:'tisipant//n.参加者，参与者 词义辨析： participant:指“活动、比赛或项目的参与者”，强调主动参与的身份。 participator:与participant同义，但更罕见，多用于正式书面语。 同义替换： participator,attendee 例句： All participants are required to wear uniforms during the competition 真题链接：（北师大版高中选修3听力理解） How many took part in the school's science fair last week? A.participants B.visitors C.organizers (答案：A) 综合演练 综合练习 一、 单项选择 1.The team showed great to overcome the challenges during the project. A.capability B.activity 高中选修3北师大版 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 C.possibility 2.How can you your absence from such an important meeting? A.justify B.forgive C.explain 3.What can we from the last paragraph of the passage? A.infer B.imagine C.predict 4.Please the total cost of the project and report it to me tomorrow. A.calculate B.estimate C.count 5.The key to success in science is to and never stop exploring A.innovate B.repeat C.copy 6.The organization aims to promote the of living conditions in rural areas. A.betterment B.development C.management 7.Children who grow up in a supportive family often have strong when facing challenges. A.resilience B.patience C.curiosity 8.How many took part in the school's science fair last week? A.participants B.visitors C.organizers 二、根据句意及首字母提示填空 1.Education is crucial for the b of one's social status. 2.The plant'sr to drought makes it suitable for desert areas. 3.Companies must i to keep up with the changing market. 5 高中选修3北师大版 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 4.From her smile,we can i that she was satisfied with the result 5.All p are required to wear uniforms during the competition. 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.Her (capable)of solving difficult problems impressed the manager. 2.The government tried to (just)the new policy with economic data. 3.Scientists need to (calculation)the speed of the satellite accurately. 4.The organization works for the (better)of rural education. 5.The team's (resilient)helped them recover quickly from the failure. 四、完成句子 1.我们可以从他的话中推断出他不同意这个计划。 We can from his words that he disagrees with the plan 2.这家公司需要创新以适应市场变化。 The company needs to to adapt to market changes. 3.教育对改善个人生活条件至关重要。 Education is crucial for the of personal living conditions. 4.面对困难时，她表现出了强大的恢复力。 She showed strong when facing difficulties. 五、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 6 高中选修3北师大版 【精讲专版】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 Scientists often need to (calculate/compute)complex data to support their research. Last month,a team ofresearchers conducted a study on the (resilience/adaptability)of plants in extreme environments.They wanted to (infer/deduce)how these plants sur- vive droughts. During the study,participants collected samples and recorded growth data.The team's (capability/ability)to work under pressure ensured the project's success.After analyzing the results, they concluded that the plants' (resilience/adaptability)to dry conditions comes from their unique root structure. The findings were published in a scientific journal,and many experts (justi- fied/defended)the research methods as rigorous.This study not only contributes to botany but also promotes the (betterment/improvement)of agricultural practices in arid regions. 参考答案 I单项选择 1.A2.A3.A4.A5.A6.A7.A 8.A Ⅱ.根据句意及首字母提示填空 1.betterment 2.resilience 3.innovate 4.infer 5.participants I.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.capability 2.justify 3.calculate 4.betterment 5.resilience V.完成句子 1.infer 2.innovate 3.betterment 4.resilience V.语篇填空 1.calculate 2.resilience 3.infer 4.capability 5.resilience 6.justified 7.betterment 7