内容正文:
七年级英语下册Unit2语法讲义
不定代词
学习目标
1. 掌握不定代词 both, all, neither, none, either 的基本用法。
2. 区分 both(两者都)与 all(三者及以上都),neither(两者都不)与 none(三者及以上都不)。
3. 理解 either(两者中任意一个)的用法。
4. 能正确运用这些不定代词进行表达。
一、什么是不定代词?
不定代词用来指代不特定的人或事物。本单元我们学习几个常用的不定代词:both, all, neither, none, either。
二、both 和 all:表示“都”
1. both
both 表示“两者都”,指两个人或物。
结构公式:
both + 名词复数
both of + 代词宾格 / 名词复数
主语 + both + 动词(放在be动词、情态动词后,或实义动词前)
例句:
I like both shirts. (我喜欢两件衬衫。)
Both of them are students. (他们两个都是学生。)
We both passed the exam. (我们俩都通过了考试。)
小练习:用 both 完成句子。
1. ________ my parents are teachers.
2. You can take ________ of the books. They are interesting.
3. They ________ like playing football.
2. all
all 表示“三者或三者以上都”,也可指不可数的事物。
结构公式:
all + 名词复数 / 不可数名词
all of + 代词宾格 / 名词复数
主语 + all + 动词
例句:
All the students went to the cinema. (所有学生都去了电影院。)
All of us are happy. (我们所有人都很开心。)
The food all looks delicious. (所有食物看起来都很美味。)
All was changed. (一切都被改变了。)
小练习:用 all 完成句子。
1. ________ the children like ice cream.
2. I have read ________ these books.
3. We ________ want to help you.
三、neither 和 none:表示“都不”
1. neither
neither 表示“两者都不”,用于否定两个人或物。
结构公式:
neither + 名词单数
neither of + 代词宾格 / 名词复数 + 谓语动词常用单数(也可用复数,但单数更正式)
例句:
I saw two boys, but neither is my brother. (我看到两个男孩,但都不是我哥哥。)
Neither of them knows the answer. (他们两个都不知道答案。)
Neither answer is correct. (两个答案都不对。)
2. none
none 表示“三者或三者以上都不”,也可指不可数的事物,意为“一点也没有”。
结构公式:
none of + 代词宾格 / 名词复数 + 谓语动词可用单数或复数
none 单独使用,表示“没有一个”
例句:
None of the students wants/want to give up. (没有学生想放弃。)
I wanted some coffee, but there was none in the cup. (我想要点咖啡,但杯子里一点也没有。)
— How many postcards did you send? — None. (你寄了多少张明信片?——一张也没寄。)
小练习:用 neither 或 none 填空。
1. There are two apples. ________ of them is red.
2. I asked three people, but ________ knew the way.
3. — Did you see any cars? — ________, the street was empty.
四、either:表示“两者中的任意一个”
either 表示“两者中的任何一个”,强调选择其中一个。
结构公式:
either + 名词单数
either of + 代词宾格 / 名词复数 + 谓语动词常用单数
例句:
You can use either bathroom. (两个卫生间你随便用哪个都行。)
Either plan sounds great. (两个计划听起来都很棒。)
— Which shirt do you want? — Either will do. (哪件都行。)
注意:either 是二选一,而 both 是两个都要。
例:I like both shirts. (两件都喜欢。)
例:I can wear either shirt. (两件中随便哪件都能穿。)
小练习:用 either 完成句子。
1. You can sit on ________ side of the table.
2. ________ of the two answers is correct. (两个答案中任意一个正确。)
3. — Do you want tea or coffee? — ________. Thanks. (随便哪个都行。)
五、配套练习
A. 单项选择
( ) 1. There are two pens on the desk. You can take _______ of them.
A. both B. all C. neither D. either
( ) 2. _______ of the three girls likes singing. They all like dancing.
A. Both B. All C. None D. Neither
( ) 3. My parents _______ teachers. They work in the same school.
A. both are B. are both C. all are D. are all
( ) 4. — Would you like tea or coffee? — _______. I'm not thirsty.
A. Both B. Either C. Neither D. None
( ) 5. There are many apples in the basket. You can take _______ you like.
A. both B. all C. neither D. none
B. 用 both, all, neither, none, either 填空
1. There are two windows in the room. ________ of them are open.
2. ________ of the students in our class like sports. They are all active.
3. I have two brothers. ________ of them is a doctor. They are both teachers.
4. You can ask ________ of the two policemen. They will help you.
5. ________ the milk was drunk by the cat. The bottle is empty.
C. 句型转换(每空一词)
Both of them are from England. (改为否定句)
→ ________ of them ________ from England.
All the students went to the park. (改为否定句)
→ ________ of the students ________ to the park.
You can take this book or that book. (改为同义句)
→ You can take ________ book.
I don’t like either of the two films. (改为同义句)
→ I like ________ of the two films.
D. 翻译句子
这两个女孩都喜欢音乐。
→ ________ of the two girls ________ music.
我们班所有的学生都参加了运动会。
→ ________ the students in our class ________ part in the sports meeting.
这三个答案都不对。
→ ________ of the three answers ________ correct.
两个座位你坐哪个都行。
→ You can sit on ________ of the two seats.
参考答案
A. 单项选择
1. D(either 表示两者中任意一个)
2. C(三个女孩都不喜欢唱歌)
3. B(both 放在be动词后)
4. C(不渴,所以两者都不要)
5. B(all 表示所有苹果)
B. 填空
1. Both
2. All(所有学生都喜欢运动,后面说他们都很活跃)
3. Neither(两个哥哥都不是医生)
4. either
5. All(所有牛奶)
C. 句型转换
Neither; is
None; went
either
neither
D. 翻译句子
Both of the two girls like music.
All the students in our class took part in the sports meeting.
None of the three answers is correct.
You can sit on either of the two seats.
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