课时精练(6) Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第二册同步课堂高效讲义配套练习（译林版）

课时精练(六)　Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) [基础达标] 维度一　单句语法填空 1．Many houses have been built(build) in the small town in the past few years. 2．—Can I use your car? —Sorry，I had a flat tyre 10 minutes ago and it is being repaired(repair) now. 3．More than 100 famous films have been shown(show) in the city since July. 4．How to solve that difficult technological problem is being discussed(discuss)now. 5．It is reported that 50 million jobs are being replaced(replace) by artificial intelligence and robots. 6．It is reported that a school talent show is being held(held) to raise money for charity at the present. 7．Over the past ten years，this town has been hit (hit) twice by earthquakes. 8．They are living with their parents because their own house is being rebuilt(rebuild). 9．Most houses have been equipped(equip) with automatic fire alarm systems since then. 10．Results and findings are being announced(announce) through the media now. 维度二　将下列句子改为被动句 1．They have painted the windows white. →The windows have been painted white by them. 2．They are taking care of the children there. →The children there are being taken care of by them. 3．The teachers have printed the dates of each course in the newspaper. → The dates of each course have been printed by the teachers in the newspaper. 4．The company has given its computers away to a local school. →Its computers have been given away to a local school by the company. 5．In that area，the workers are building a supermarket these days. →In that area，a supermarket is being built by the workers these days. 6．They haven't yet decided how to solve that difficult technological problem. →How to solve that difficult technological problem has not been decided yet. 维度三　语法与语篇 Welcome to our school！I will show you around the campus.Look！Our new gym 1.is being built(正在被建造).It looks really splendid，and it looks as if most of it 2.has been completed(已经被完成了).An English speech competition 3.is being held(正在被举行) in the lecture hall now，so let's go to see it. [素能提升] Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Pilates，yoga and the running machine get all the attention when it comes to popular ways to stay healthy.There is，however，a more humble exercise that might not be so attractive，but has all the benefits—walking. Certified fitness professional Jolynn Jaekel explains，“What I love about walking is that anyone can do it at any age and any fitness level.Plus，it is good for your heart，your head and your wallet.” A recent report details the health benefits of walking.The report found that walking regularly to fulfill the 150 minutes of moderate physical exercise every week，recommended by the UK's chief medical officer，could save 37，000 lives each year.Scientists at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in California found that quick walking reduces the risk of heart disease more effectively than running.They observed participants aged between 18 and 80 over a six-year period and found that walking reduced the risk of heart disease by 9.3%，while running reduced it by 4.5%.And there is even more good news：30 minutes of quick walking over five days could help you sleep easily，according to research by Oregon State University.The study by the university showed that walking helped participants sleep better and feel more alert during the day. The sooner you get started，the sooner you'll notice the differences in your mind and body.So，go out for your 30-minute walk in a nearby park or green space. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了通过长时间的研究，科学家们发现步行是一种很好的健身方式——不仅省钱，而且任何年龄段和健康水平的人都可以进行，并且效果很好。 1．The underlined word “humble” in the first paragraph probably means “ ”． A．plain B．relaxing C．popular D．active A　[词义猜测题。根据第一段可知，当提到保持健康的流行方式时首先可以想到普拉提、瑜伽和跑步机。然而，有一种不太引人注目的更humble的运动却让人受益匪浅，那就是步行。根据句意，尤其是however可知，上下文是转折关系，由此推测画线词和popular的意思相反，即为“不那么流行的，普通的”。plain“普通的”符合以上推测，故选A。] 2．What does Jolynn Jaekel think of walking? A．It's loved by people of all ages. B．It's much healthier than running. C．It's a money-saving physical exercise. D．It's becoming more and more popular. C　[推理判断题。根据第二段中的最后一句可知，步行对人的心脏和大脑都有好处，并且可以省钱。即步行是一项省钱的锻炼。故选C。] 3．What did scientists at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory find? A．Walking helps people with sleep problems. B．Walking contributes to curing heart disease. C．Walking 150 minutes per week can save lives. D．Walking is better than running in some cases. D　[细节理解题。根据第三段可知，他们对18到80岁的参与者进行了6年的观察，发现步行降低心脏病的风险为9.3%，而跑步降低了4.5%以及下文将步行和跑步从几个方面进行的对比来看，在某些方面步行优于跑步。故选D。] 4．In which section of a newspaper can we read this text? A．Comment. B．Lifestyle. C．Education. D．Science. B　[文章出处题。纵观全文可知，本文主要介绍了健康生活方式中最简单有效的方式——步行。由此推知，可从报纸上介绍生活方式的部分读到该文章。故选B。] B Most young people enjoy some forms of physical activity.It may be walking，cycling or swimming，or in winter，skating or skiing.It may be a game of some kinds—football，hockey，golf or tennis.It may be mountaineering. Those who have a passion for climbing high and difficult mountains are often looked upon with astonishment.Why are men and women willing to suffer cold and hardship，and to take risks on high mountains？This astonishment is caused probably by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activity to which men give their leisure. Mountaineering is a sport and not a game.There are no man-made rules，as there are for such games as golf and football.There are，of course，rules of different kinds which it would be dangerous to ignore，but it is this freedom from man-made rules that makes mountaineering attractive to many people.Those who climb mountains are free to use their own methods. If we compare mountaineering with other more familiar sports，we might think that one big difference is that mountaineering is not a “team game”．We should be mistaken in this.There are，it is true，no “matches” between “teams” of climbers，but when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may depend，there is obviously team work.The mountain climber knows that he may have to fight forces that are stronger and more powerful than man.He has to fight the forces of nature，his sport requires high mental and physical qualities. A mountain climber continues to improve in skill year after year.A skier is probably past his best by the age of thirty，and most international tennis champions are in their early twenties.But it is not unusual for a man of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in the Alps.They may take more time than younger men，but they probably climb with more skills and less waste of effort，and they certainly experience equal enjoyment. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了登山运动，登山是一项运动，而不是游戏；解释了人们愿意忍受寒冷和困苦在高山上冒险的原因；登山队之间没有“比赛”，但有团队合作；登山运动员的技巧随年龄增长而提高。 5．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A．Differences between Golf and Mountaineering B．Sports and Games C．Mountaineering D．Why are so many people crazy about mountaineering? C　[标题归纳题。根据文章内容可知，文章主要围绕着登山展开，介绍了登山是一项运动，而不是游戏；登山队之间没有“比赛”，但有团队合作；登山运动员的攀登技巧随年龄增长而提高。故选C。] 6．The mountaineering can also be called a team sport because ． A．mountain climbers usually compete in groups B．mountaineers depend on each other while climbing C．mountaineering climbers are free to use their own rules to climb D．mountaineering is a sport not a game B　[推理判断题。由第四段第三句可知登山队之间没有“比赛”，但当登山者处在一个由绳索连接的岩石表面上时，他们的生命系于绳索上，显然此时要靠团队合作。由此可知登山运动也被称为团队运动是因为登山者在登山过程中要互相帮助，互相依靠。故选B。] 7．The biggest difference between golf and mountaineering lies in ． A．team game B．enjoyment C．age D．rules D　[推理判断题。由第三段“There are no man-made rules，as there are for such games as golf and football.”可知在高尔夫和足球这类比赛中存在由人制定的规则，而登山运动没有。这就是高尔夫和登山运动之间最大的区别。故选D。] 8．In the author's opinion，one of the most important reasons why so many people enjoy mountaineering is that ． A．there are no man-made rules for mountaineers B．mountaineering is a sport and not a game C．it is one of the most dangerous sports D．mountaineering brings us more enjoyment than other sports A　[推理判断题。由第三段倒数第二句可知正是因为登山中人们不受人定规则的束缚，使登山吸引了许多人。因此作者认为，人们享受登山运动的最重要原因之一就是登山者不受人定规则的束缚。故选A。] C In recent years，experiments examining exercise and weight loss have found that people lose far much less weight than expected，considering how many additional calories(卡路里) they are burning with their workouts. Scientists have guessed that exercisers are likely to become hungrier and eat more after working out.They also may sit longer when not doing exercise.Together or separately，these changes could make up for the extra energy used during exercise. To prove that possibility，scientists came up with the idea of using infrared light(红外线) to track mice's movements in their cages.Then software can use that information to analyse their daily physical activity. So the researchers prepared special cages，putting inside some locked running wheels，and let mice roam(闲逛) and explore for four days in the cages.This provided the researchers with information about how many calories each mouse burned every day. Then the wheels were unlocked for nine days，the mice could run at will，and they could decide how much to eat and when to get off the wheels，walking around.The mice，which enjoyed running，jumped readily on the wheels and started to run.On and off the wheels，they could run for hours.They showed a following height in their daily energy expenditure(支出) since they had added exercise to their lives. But they did not change their eating habits.Although they were burning more calories，they did not eat more.They did，however，change how they moved.They now usually jogged on their wheels for a few minutes，jumped off，rested or roamed in a while，and then climbed back on the wheels，ran，rested，briefly roamed，and it repeated.These changes in how they spent their time almost counteracted(抵消) the extra calorie costs from running，says Daniel Lark，who led the new study. What caused the running mice to run less is still uncertain.“But it does not seem to have been tiredness or lack of time；wheel running is not arduous for mice，and does not fill their waking hours.” Dr.Lark says. Instead，he says，it is likely that the animals' bodies and brains sensed the increasing energy expenditure when the mice began to run and sent out biological signals that somehow advised the animals to slow down，save energy and lose weight. Mice will never be people，of course，so we cannot say whether the results of this would directly apply to us，Dr.Lark says.But the results do indicate that if we hope to lose more weight through，we should watch what we eat and try not to move less while we work out more. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了最近的一个关于运动和减肥关系的研究，用转轮对老鼠进行实验，分析运动达不到预期减肥效果的原因。 9．What did NOT change for the mice in the experiment? A．How they moved. B．How long they ran. C．How much they chose to eat. D．How they spent their time. C　[推理判断题。根据文章第六段“Although they were burning more calories，they did not eat more.”可知，虽然它们燃烧了更多的卡路里，但它们并没有吃得更多。因此它们选择吃多少是没有改变的。] 10．What happened to the mice in the experiment according to the 6th paragraph? A．They didn't like to run the wheels. B．They ate more after running the wheels. C．They spent less time roaming in the cage. D．They didn't need rest after running on the wheels. C　[推理判断题。根据文章第六段第三、四句可知，然而，它们确实改变了它们的移动方式。现在，它们通常在轮子上慢跑几分钟，跳下来，休息或闲逛一会儿，然后爬回到轮子上，跑，休息，短暂地闲逛，然后又重复。因此可以推测出，第六段实验中的老鼠在笼子里闲逛的时间减少了，故选C。] 11．The underlined word “arduous” in Paragraph 7 is closest in meaning to ． A．tiring B．energetic C．difficult D．different A　[词义猜测题。这似乎并不是因为疲劳或缺乏时间，轮跑对于老鼠来说并不arduous，也不会占用它们醒着的时间。根据句意，尤其tiredness 猜测画线部分的意思是“费力的”。tiring(令人疲倦的)符合以上说法，故选A。] 12．The purpose of writing this passage is ． A．to prove that scientists' guess about exercising is wrong B．to introduce a recent research on exercise and weight loss C.to analyze how wheel running changes mice's movements　 D．to explain why eating and running are bad for exercisers B　[写作目的题。根据第一段可知，近年来，研究运动和减肥的实验发现，考虑到锻炼所消耗的额外卡路里的多少，人们减肥的幅度远远低于预期。再结合下文用老鼠做实验，所以文章的目的是介绍最近的一个关于运动和减肥的研究实验。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五 If you want to keep fit，please refer to the following： Move More Make it a daily habit to find ways to move your body. 1 ．Climb stairs instead of taking the elevator (电梯)；walk your dog；play with your kids.It doesn't have to be an hour in the gym or a 45-minute dance class.But that's great when you're up to it.At the same time，move more. Give up Smoking Ever since 1960 when it was announced that smoking was harmful to health，Americans have been reducing their use of tobacco products.Just recently，we've seen more and more teens smoking.Could it be the Hollywood influence? 2 ．Take care! Warn your children against smoking. 3 While recent studies show a glass of wine or one drink a day can help protect against heart disease，more than that can cause other health problems such as liver and kidney (肝和肾) disease and cancer. Reduce Stress (压力) Easier said than done.Stress comes in many ways. 4 ．Spend 30 minutes a day doing something you like such as walking on the beach or in a park，reading a good book，visiting a friend，listening to relaxing music，and watching a funny movie. Protect Yourself From Pollution If you can't live in a smog-free environment，at least avoid smoke-filled rooms. 5 ．Exercise indoors in air conditioning when air quality is bad. A．Keep a Positive Mental Outlook B．Avoid Excessive (过量的) Drinking C．Think carefully about what you will do D．Exercise outside when the smog (雾霾) rating is low E．It seems that the stars in every movie smoke cigarettes　 F．There are many things you can do to move your arms and legs G．Some techniques given by experts are to think positive thoughts 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如果我们想保持健康，可以参考以下建议：多运动、戒烟、避免过量饮酒、减轻压力、使自己远离污染。 1．F　[由本段主题Move More和本空前一句中的“find ways to move your body”可知，F项符合语境。] 2．E　[由本段主题“Give up Smoking”和本空前一句中的“the Hollywood influence”可知，应选E项。] 3．B　[本段讲的是最新研究表明每天一杯酒可以预防心脏疾病，但多于一杯则可能会引起其他健康问题。由此可知此段建议避免过量饮酒。故选B项。] 4．G　[本段讲的是应减轻个人压力，每天放松自己，G项符合语境。] 5．D　[由本段主题中的Pollution和空前的“smog-free environment...avoid smoke-filled rooms”可知，应选D项。] Ⅲ.语法填空 Sports are the base of my life，next to my mother 1. raised me when my dad left us.I 2. (be) into sports since I was six years old.I have known many 3. (coach) and heard hundreds of their tips，but they usually 4. (focus) on drills(训练) to develop my skills and reach the next level of play. When I was in Senior Two，I met the new school basketball coach，Brian Pawlowski.I thought I was certain to 5. (select) for the school team since I had been in it the year before.I showed up to the tryouts (选拔赛) and put out about 90% effort since I thought I'd make 6. with no problem.That was a big mistake. Brian Pawlowski is the 7. (strict) coach I have ever met.He didn't expect 100% effort，but he expected 200% effort.Some think this is crazy，but it isn't.After training，as we were getting a cup of cold water 8. (drink)，I said，“Mr Pawlowski，your lesson was the best I ever had.” I was 9. (complete) sincere.He expects us to be excellent not just on the court 10. in the classroom.If I am not working on basketball，I am reading a book that he thinks will help us better understand life's challenges. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在高中时期遇到的篮球教练，他对作者要求严格，对作者影响很大。 1．解析：　who/that　考查定语从句。此空引导定语从句，修饰先行词my mother，指人，且引导词在定语从句中作主语。故填who/that。 2．解析：　have been　考查动词的时态。since作“自从”讲，从句用一般过去时，主句常用现在完成时。 3．解析：　coaches　考查名词的单复数。设空处前有many修饰，名词要用复数形式，coach是以-ch结尾的名词，变复数时在词尾加-es。故填coaches。 4．解析：　focused　考查动词的时态。根据句意可知，应用一般过去时，故填focused。 5．解析：　be selected　考查动词的语态。主语I与select之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用被动结构，故填be selected。 6．解析：　it　考查固定搭配。make it为固定搭配，意为“做到；成功”，故填it。 7．解析：　strictest　考查形容词的最高级。此处指他是“我”见过的工作最严厉的教练。定语从句I have ever met修饰先行词coach，根据句意可知此处应用最高级形式，故填strictest。 8．解析：　to drink　考查非谓语动词。此处用动词不定式表目的，故填to drink。 9．解析：　completely　考查词性转换。空后的sincere是形容词，此处应用副词修饰形容词，故填completely。 10．解析：　but　考查固定搭配。not just...but...意为“不仅……而且……”，故填but。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $