Unit 4 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第二册同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（译林版）

该高中英语课件聚焦情态动词，通过教材示例引导学生观察黑体句，自主归纳其表请求、能力、必要性、可能性等功能，再系统讲解can/could等基本用法及“情态动词+have done”结构，构建从观察到归纳再到深化的学习支架。 其亮点在于以学生思维发展为核心，“我的发现”环节培养思维品质，知识拾遗结合语境提升语言能力，课时精练含语法与语篇练习。既助学生在真实语境中运用语言，又为教师提供清晰教学框架，提升教学效率。

UNIT 4　Exploring literature Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage 内容索引 课时精练 3 语法探究 1 知识拾遗 2 语法探究 返回 新知导学 情态动词 [教材示例] 观察黑体部分并感悟规律 1．“What shall I read？” 2．You might have asked yourself this question more than once. 3．If you are not sure what to read，you can get ideas from different sources，but it is also important to develop your own taste. 4．To start with，ask your friends，parents and teachers to recommend what books you ought to read. 5．Teachers in particular can provide suggestions for interesting reading materials that can be found in the library or bookshop easily. 6．You could also read book reviews in newspapers，in magazines or online. 7．A book review can often tell you whether a book is worth reading or not. 8．These ideas should　point you in the right direction. 9．However，you must also decide for yourself what kind of books to read. 10．You do not have to read a book just because everyone recommends it. 11．Over time，you may find yourself better able to seek out books to your taste and enjoy reading all the more. [我的发现] 情态动词可以表示__________(句1、 句3、 句6)、_____(句5、句7)、_______(句4、句9 、句10)和_______(句2、句 8 、句11)。 请求/建议 能力 必要性 可能性 语法精讲 一、概述 情态动词本身有一定的词义，通常跟动词原形一起构成谓语，表示说话人的看法或主观设想。常见的情态动词主要有：can，could，may，might，must，ought to，need，shall，should，will，would 等。 二、情态动词的基本用法 1．can与could的用法 (1)表示能力，此时could 是can 的过去式。 My grandmother can do some shopping on the Internet，but she couldn't last year. 我奶奶会网购了，但是去年她还不会。 [名师点津]　在一般过去时中，was/were able to 通常表示能做并且已经做了的事，could 仅表示能力。 I was able to swim to the bank when the ship sank. 当船下沉时，我已经游到岸边了。 I could lift the heavy box. 我能把那个沉重的盒子举起来。 (2)表示可能性，一般用于疑问句和否定句中，can't/couldn't 意为“不可能”。 Can this news be true？这则消息可能是真的吗？ Your story can't/couldn't be true. 你的故事不可能是真的。 (3)表示请求和许可，could表示更委婉的语气。 —Can/Could I go now? —Yes，you can. ——我现在可以走了吗？ ——是的，你可以。 (4)表示理论上或习惯上的可能性，意为“有时会”。 As we all know，anyone can make mistakes. 我们都知道，任何人都可能犯错。 2．may与might的用法 (1)表示允许、许可。might在语气上比may更委婉。 May/Might I play the computer games after supper? 晚饭后我可以玩电脑游戏吗？ (2)表示可能性，用于肯定句。 I think he may come tomorrow. 我认为明天他可能会来。 3．must与need的用法 (1)表示必要性。must意为“必须”，其否定式为mustn't(不准，禁止)。need 意为“需要”，其否定式为needn't(不必)。 You mustn't do that，because you must keep your word. 不准你那么做，因为你必须得遵守诺言。 You needn't do it if you don't want to. 如果你不想做，你就不必做。 (2)must表示可能性，只能用在肯定句中，意为“一定，准是”。 You have worked hard all day.You must be tired. 辛苦工作了一整天，你一定累了。(对现在情况的推测判断) (3)must表示感情色彩，意为“偏偏，偏要”，常指令人不快的事情。 The car must break down just when I was about to start. 我正要出发时车偏偏抛锚了。 4．will与would的用法 (1)表示意志、意愿和决心。will指现在，would指过去。 I will never do that again.我再也不那样做了。 They said that they would fight against the haze. 他们说会与雾霾作斗争的。 (2)表示请求。would表示更委婉的语气。 Will/Would you please take a message for me? 你能帮我捎个口信吗？ (3)表示习惯性的动作，意为“总是；习惯于”。will指现在，would指过去。 Fish will die without water.没有水鱼儿就会死。 We would sit around Grandpa after supper，listening to his stories. 过去，晚饭后我们总会坐在爷爷周围，听他讲故事。 [名师点津]　used to也表示过去的习惯性动作，往往指后来停止了的动作。 He used to take a walk near the forest in the evening. 他过去常在晚间到森林附近散步。(而现在已不在那里散步了) 5．shall的用法 (1)shall在疑问句中，表示建议或征求对方的意见。 What shall I/we do next？我/我们下一步该做什么？ When shall my brother be able to leave hospital? 我哥哥什么时候可以出院？ (2)shall表示承诺或要求。 You shall go with me.你跟我走。 You shall have a new dress for your birthday. 你在生日时会得到一件新衣服。 (3)用于正式文件、法律、规章制度等，表示规定。 Students shall not use calculators during exams. 学生在考试中不得使用计算器。 6．should与ought to的用法 (1)should表示义务或建议，意为“应该”，其同义词是ought to。 You should/ought to go to class right away. 你应该立刻去上课。 (2)should与ought to也可以表示主观判断，意思是“可能会，应该会”。 It's nine o'clock now.My mother should come back. 现在九点钟了，我妈妈应该回来了。 7．dare与need的用法 dare和need既可以作实义动词，也可以作情态动词。 (1)dare和need作情态动词时，多用于疑问句、否定句中。 I dare not walk through the wood at night. 夜间我不敢在小树林里走。 You needn't worry about it. 你没有必要担心。 (2)dare作实义动词时，在否定句、疑问句中动词不定式符号to可以省略。need作实义动词时，后可接名词、动词-ing形式、动词不定式等，有人称、时态和数的变化。 The children don't dare (to) make a sound while their parents are sleeping. 孩子们在父母睡觉时不敢弄出一点声音。 The bike needs repairing.＝The bike needs to be repaired. 这辆自行车需要修理。 三、情态动词＋have done的用法 1．should/ought to have done表示“本来应该做某事而实际上未做”，而shouldn't/ought not to have done则表示“本不应该做某事而实际上做了”。 You should/ought to have told me about it earlier. 关于这件事你本应该早点告诉我的。 You shouldn't/ought not to have said such words to your parents. 你本不应该给你父母说这样的话。 2.needn't have done表示“本无必要做某事而实际上做了”。 You needn't have walked so quickly since time was enough. 你本来不必走这么快的，时间很充足。 3．could have done表示“本来可以做某事而事实上未做到”。 I could have come on time，but my car broke down on the way. 我本来可以准时到的，但是我的车在路上坏了。 4．may/might have done表示“可能发生过某事”或“本来也许可以做某事(实际上没做)”。 You might have given him more help，but you were so busy. 你也许可以给他提供更多帮助的，但你太忙了。 体系构建 返回 情态动词 基本用法 1．can与could的用法 2．may与might的用法 3．must与need的用法 4．will与would的用法 5．shall的用法 6．should与ought to的用法 7．dare与need的用法 情态动词＋have done的用法 1．should/ought to have done表示“本来应该做某事而实际上未做”。 2．needn't have done表示“本无必要做某事而实际上做了”。 3．could have done表示“本来可以做某事而事实上未做到”。 4．may/might have done表示“可能发生过某事”或“本来也许可以做某事(实际上没做)”。 知识拾遗 返回 1　particular adj.特别的，格外的；特指的；挑剔的 (教材原句)Teachers in particular can provide suggestions for interesting reading materials. 尤其是教师，能在有趣的阅读材料方面提出建议。 (1)in particular　　 尤其，特别 be particular about/over... 对……挑剔，讲究 (2)particularly adv. 特别是，格外，异乎寻常地 [佳句背诵]　The far side of the moon is of particular interest to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters.科学家们对月球的远端特别感兴趣，因为它有许多深深的环形山。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①The boy likes anything to do with nature __ particular. ②We are ____________ (particular) grateful to him for his timely help. ③Mary is going on a diet，so she is very particular ___________ food. ◎能力提升——微写作 ④作为客人，我们应该注意我们的行为，尤其是餐桌礼仪。 As guests，we should pay attention to our behaviour，___________________ _________． in particularly over/about table manners in particular [语境串记]　Betty is very particular about/over food.However，she likes the food cooked by her grandma in particular. Actually，her grandma is particularly good at cooking. 贝蒂很挑食。然而，她特别喜欢吃她奶奶做的饭。实际上，她的奶奶特别擅长烹饪。 2　mean adj.吝啬的，小气的；不善良的，刻薄的 (教材原句)The book's main character is Scrooge，a rich but mean old man. 这本书的主角是斯克罗吉，一个富有但吝啬的老人。 (1)be mean to sb.　　　 对某人刻薄 (2)mean v. 意味着；打算，意欲 mean to do sth. 打算/有意做某事 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 be meant for... 专门为…… [佳句背诵]　This collection of short stories is meant for English beginners. 这本短篇小说集是为英语初学者编写的。 ◎基础练透——单句语法填空 ①Don't be so mean __ your relatives. ②Missing the flight means _______(wait) for another three hours. ③This book is meant ___ designers，but is read by people of all walks of life. ◎能力提升——微写作 ④我并非有意让你在这等那么长时间。 I ________________________________ for such a long time. to waiting for didn't mean to keep you waiting here 维度一　单词拼写 1．All the ___________ (收藏品)will be on show from June 16 to 18 in the gym. 2．They will be ___________ (运送)to Paris by air tomorrow. 3. There are stories about his __________(慷慨) and the massive amounts of money he gave to charities. 4. These issues will be discussed more fully in the next _______(部分). 5．Have you read the _______ (章节)on the legal system? 随堂演练 collections transported generosity section chapter 维度二　单句语法填空 1．Wherever she goes，she is particular ___________ what she eats. 2．Her husband is very mean ___________ money. 3．His suggestion put forward at the conference is worth ___________ (consider). 4．The national park has__ large collection of wildlife，ranging from butterflies to elephants. 5．She began to be ___ the stage when she was a teenager. about/over about/with considering a on 维度三　完成句子 1．我无意伤害他。 这只是个误会。(mean) ________________________．It was just a misunderstanding. 2．我不怎么讲究着装，我的妻子却很在乎我穿什么。(particular) ___________________________________ while my wife minds what I wear. 3．他在电脑上搜索地方新闻文章时碰到了这篇报道。(come across) He ___________________ while he was doing a computer search of local news articles. 返回 I didn't mean to hurt him I am not particular about/over my clothes came across this story 课时精练 返回 维度一　单句语法填空 1．It is strange that such a famous poet ______ be so rude to a lady. 2．You ____ come here on time，or you'll be fined next time. 3．I ________ have cooked so much food.Nobody was hungry. 4．He told me he ______ be free tonight. 5．I __________ finish reading the novel tomorrow，but I am not sure about it. 6．You _____ to have given him some advice.He was too upset at that time. 7．It is a long time since we met last time.You ______ come and see me more often. 基础达标 should must needn't would may/might ought should 8．She was so frightened that she didn't dare __________(breathe) a word of it to anyone else. 9．He finished all the work himself；in fact，he _____ have asked his friends for help. 10．You _____ feel all the training a waste of time，but I'm a hundred percent sure later you'll be grateful you did it. to breathe could may 维度二　语法与写作 1．走了这么久，她一定累了。 _________________ after such a long walk. 2．当她在这所大学学习时，她常在图书馆做作业。 _________________________ in the library when she studied in the university. 3．我想了又想，但我记不起我在哪里买的词典。 I have searched my memory，but I ________________ where I have bought the dictionary. 4．我们本可以共同面对困难，可你为什么不告诉我呢？ __________________________________ together，but why didn't you tell me? 5．他现在会骑自行车了，但几星期前他不会。 He can ride a bike now，but __________________________． She must be tired She would do her homework can not remember We could have faced the difficulty he couldn't a few weeks ago 维度三　语法与语篇 　　Lucy can 1.__________________________________(能演奏各种各样的乐器).Actually，she 2.____________________(会弹钢琴) when she was 8 years old.She also keeps taking exercise every day because she 3.______________(必须保持苗条).“You shall get fat soon if you don't take exercise every day.” She usually says to her friends. 　　However，last week，she found that she 4.___________________(或许增重了) because of lack of time and her husband suggested that she 5.__________________(应该减肥).One night after supper，she walked quickly to go dancing at the park.On her way，she thought that the dancing 6._______________(一定已经开始了) and the coach could have taught many new moves，but the coach was absent that night，so she was regretful. play many kinds of musical instruments could play the piano must keep slim might put on weight should lose weight must have begun 素能提升 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 　　The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas This book takes you through waves of emotion as you start to understand the main character，the 9-year-old boy Bruno.The story taking place during the Holocaust(大屠杀)，we witness the horror from the boy's viewpoint.You'll be shocked by some of the surprising aspects of the book as the boy befriends one of the boys on the other side of the fence. 　　The Book Thief The story is about a young girl named Liesel who has to live with foster parents(养父母)during World WarⅡ.On the way to her new home，her brother dies，setting the sad tone for the story.There is hope，however，when Liesel discovers her love for reading and shares her stolen books with her neighbors during bombing attacks with a Jewish man hidden in her basement. The Fault in Our Stars This is probably the most touching book that makes you cry，as it records the experiences of teens who are dying of cancer and living their last days in love.Their life is tragic and jarring at the same time as we watch their health deteriorate(恶化).The real tragedy is the love between the main characters，who know that it is certain to “die”． 　　A Child Called “It” It's one of the saddest stories of abuse in recent decades.A Child Called “It” is based on the true story of Dave Pelzer，a boy from California who suffered at the hands of his sadistic(施虐狂的) family.The tears will come from both sadness and the inspiration tied to Dave's fight for survival in an environment where he is considered useless. 语篇解读　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四本小说。 1．Which book is a love story? A．The Book Thief. B．A Child Called “It”． C．The Fault in Our Stars. D．The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas. 细节理解题。根据第三部小说中的“teens who are dying of cancer and living their last days in love”和“The real tragedy is the love between the main characters”可知，The Fault in Our Stars讲的是爱情故事。故选C项。 √ 2．Who may be considered unpopular in the family? A．Liesel's brother. B．The 9-year-old boy Bruno. C．A young girl named Liesel. D．Dave Pelzer，a boy from California. 细节理解题。根据第四部小说中的“one of the saddest stories of abuse”　“Dave Pelzer，a boy from California who suffered at the hands of...”“sadness”以及“in an environment where he is considered useless”可知，Dave Pelzer在家中备受虐待，被认为一无是处，不受欢迎。故选D项。 √ 推理判断题。根据第一本小说中的“waves of emotion”，第二本小说中的“her brother dies，setting the sad tone for the story”，第三本小说中的“This is probably the most touching book that makes you cry”以及最后一本小说中的“The tears will come from both sadness and the inspiration”可知，这四部小说的共同之处是它们都充满了强烈的感情。故选C项。 3．What do the four novels have in common? A．They all have a sad ending. B．They are all connected with wars. C．They are all emotionally powerful. D．They all expose the dark side of society. √ B 　　At thirteen，I was diagnosed (诊断) with a kind of attention disorder.It made school difficult for me.When everyone else in the class was focusing on tasks，I could not. In my first literature class，Mrs Smith asked us to read a story and then write on it，all within 45 minutes.I raised my hand right away and said，“Mrs Smith，you see，the doctor said I have attention problems.I might not be able to do it.” She glanced down at me through her glasses，“You are not different from your classmates，young man.” I tried，but I didn't finish the reading when the bell rang.I had to take it home. 　　In the quietness of my bedroom，the story suddenly all became clear to me.It was about a blind person，Louis Braile.He lived in a time when the blind couldn't get much education.But Louis didn't give up.Instead，he invented a reading system of raised dots (点)，which opened up a whole new world of knowledge to the blind. 　　Wasn't I the “blind” in my class，being made to learn like the “sighted” students？My thoughts spilled out and my pen started to dance.I completed the task within 40 minutes.Indeed，I was not different from others；I just needed a quieter place.If Louis could find his way out of his problem，why should I ever give up? 　　I didn't expect anything when I handed in my paper to Mrs Smith，so it was quite a surprise when it came back to me the next day — with an “A” on it.At the bottom of the paper were these words，“See what you can do when you keep trying.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者患有一种注意力障碍的病症，不能集中精力于所做的事情，当他想放弃时，受到Louis Braile的故事和Smith老师的激励，终于克服困难很好地完成了答卷并得到了老师的认可。 4．What problem did the author meet when he was in class? A．He didn't like the teacher. B．He was not fond of literature. C．The classroom was too noisy. D．He couldn't focus his attention in class. 细节理解题。根据第一段“13岁时，我被诊断出患有某种注意力障碍。这让我在学校感到很困难。当班上的其他人都在专注于任务时，我却不能”可知，作者患有一种注意力障碍的病症，他在课堂上无法集中注意力，故选D。 √ 5．What can we learn about Louis Braile from the passage? A．He managed to cure his blindness. B．He got a good education at school. C．He made an invention which helped the blind. D．He couldn't see and read for the whole life. 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“相反，他发明了一个凸点阅读系统，为盲人打开了一个全新的知识世界”可知，Louis Braile发明了盲文来帮助盲人。故选C。 √ 6．What's Mrs Smith's attitude to the author in the classroom? A．She encouraged him. B．She looked down on him. C．She sympathized (同情) him. D．She was angry with him. 观点态度题。根据最后一段“当我把论文交给Smith老师的时候，我并没有期待什么。所以，当我第二天收到她给我的答卷时，我感到非常惊讶，因为论文上有一个‘A’。下面有这样一句话：‘看看当你不断尝试的时候你能做什么。’”可知，Smith老师给了作者一个“A”，并且附上留言，可见Smith老师对他是鼓励的，故选A。 √ 7．What can we learn from the passage? A．How to be a great teacher. B．Keep trying，and you can do it. C．What you should do as a blind. D．Ways to overcome attention disorder. 推理判断题。通读全文，本文讲述了作者受到Louis Braile的故事和Smith老师的激励战胜自己的疾病，完成答卷并得到老师的认可的故事。根据“If Louis could find his way out of his problem，why should I ever give up? ”和“At the bottom of the paper were these words，‘See what you can do when you keep trying.’”可知，本文告诉我们，持续努力，你会成功的。故选B。 √ C 　　“A serious attack on the fantasy story for children comes from those who do not wish children to be frightened，” writes C．S.Lewis in an essay named Three Ways of Writing for Children.Those who say that children must not be frightened mean two things.Firstly，they mean that we mustn't do anything likely to give children fears，and secondly，they want to keep out of their minds that they are born into a world of death，violence，wounds，good and evil (邪恶).C.S.Lewis says he agrees with the first reason，but not the second. 　　He goes on to remark，“Since it is so likely that they will meet cruel enemies，let them at least hear of brave fighters and heroic courage.By limiting your child to perfect and nice stories of child life in which nothing alarming ever happens，they would fail to face fears and hardships.” “It would be nice，” he continues，“ if no little boy in bed ever hears a frightening sound. But if he is to be frightened，I think St.George，or any bright hero in armor，is a better comfort than the idea of the police.” 　　Bruno Bettelheim，a well-known child psychologist，also points out that fantasy stories provide children with a valuable education about good and evil. He believes that all children have many personal fantasies filled with fears and fantasy stories that comfort them and offer solutions.Happy endings tell them that solutions and hope are real and model the kind of happy life children want to find. 　　A good fantasy suggests rather than teaches possible answers to life.It's believed that reading fantasies quickens the ability to get and put ideas from books to reality.It's what good literature does — it makes life larger. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了幻想文学对儿童的好 处——可以帮助他们克服恐惧、提高解决实际问题的能力。 8．According to the first paragraph，C.S.Lewis thinks that____． A．children shouldn't read any fantasy story because it is bad B．adults shouldn't do things that may frighten their children C．death and badness should be kept out of children's minds D．writing a fantasy story is the best way of writing for children √ 细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，C.S.Lewis认为成年人不应该做可能吓到孩子的事情。故选B项。 9．What probably is St.George according to the text? A．He is a policeman in real life. B．He is a murderer caught by the police. C．He is a brave man in a fantasy novel. D．He is a frightening person in a story. √ 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可知，St.George是幻想小说里的一个勇敢的人物。故选C项。 10．Why should children read fantasy literature according to Bruno Bettelheim? A．Because it encourages children to have a lot of fantasies. B．Because it helps children overcome fears and find solutions. C．Because it teaches children to write their own fantasy stories. D．Because it gives children a happy memory when they grow up. √ 细节理解题。根据第三段的内容可知，Bruno Bettelheim认为孩子们要读幻想故事(文学)，因为它能帮助孩子克服恐惧，找到解决办法。故选B项。 11．It can be inferred from the text that ____． A．good literature can give readers more valuable stories　 B．fantasies can improve one's ability to solve problems C．personal fantasies can help children get away from danger D．most children can understand what fantasy literature is 推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，幻想文学可以提高一个人解决问题的能力。故选B项。 √ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 　　While you are travelling abroad，cultural mistakes are more serious than linguistic(语言的) mistakes，which can lead to serious misunderstanding and even ill-feeling between individuals. 1 ·Touching Someone 2 In Mediterranean countries，if you don't touch someone's arm when talking to them or if you don't greet them with kisses or a warm hug，you'll be considered cold.But backslap(拍背) someone who isn't a family member or a good friend in Korea，and you'll make them uncomfortable.In Thailand，the head is considered sacred—never even pat a child on the head. ·Talking over Dinner In some countries，like China，Japan and some African nations，the food is the thing，so don't start chatting about your day's adventures while everyone else is digging into dinner. 3 It's not because your group is unfriendly，but because meal times are for eating，not talking. ·Removing Your Shoes or Not Take off your shoes when arriving at the door of a London dinner party and the hostess will find you uncivilized，but fail to remove your shoes before entering a home in Asia，Hawaii，or the Pacific Islands and you'll be considered disrespectful.So，if you see a row of shoes at the door，start undoing your laces. 4 Once you are on the ground of a different country，remain highly sensitive to native behavior. 5 And don't feel offended(冒犯) if something seems offensive—like queue jumping.After all，this is a global village，and we are all very different. A．Personal space varies as you travel the globe. B．Asians consider removing shoes impolite at home. C．Never be completely surprised by anything. D．The linguistic mistake means that someone is not fully expressing his idea. E．Look out for the following cultural mistakes and try to avoid them. F．If not，keep the shoes on. G．You'll likely be met with silence. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了当你出国旅行时，文化错误比语言错误更严重，这会导致严重的误解甚至是个人之间的厌恶感。文章给出了一些需要避免的文化错误。 　　While you are travelling abroad，cultural mistakes are more serious than linguistic(语言的) mistakes，which can lead to serious misunderstanding and even ill-feeling between individuals.___________________________________ __________________________ E．Look out for the following cultural mistakes and try to avoid them. 根据空前内容可知，当你出国旅行时，文化错误比语言错误更严重，这会导致严重的误解甚至是个人之间的厌恶感。再根据下文主要介绍了需要避免的文化错误可知，E项(注意下面的文化错误，尽量避免它们)符合文意。 　　______________________________________________ In Mediterranean countries，if you don't touch someone's arm when talking to them or if you don't greet them with kisses or a warm hug，you'll be considered cold.But backslap(拍背) someone who isn't a family member or a good friend in Korea，and you'll make them uncomfortable.In Thailand，the head is considered sacred—never even pat a child on the head. A.Personal space varies as you travel the globe. 根据本段的内容可知，在不同的国家，你的一些行为会给当地人带来误解。A项(个人空间随着你的环球旅行而变化)符合文意。 　　In some countries，like China，Japan and some African nations，the food is the thing，so don't start chatting about your day's adventures while everyone else is digging into dinner._______________________________ It's not because your group is unfriendly，but because meal times are for eating，not talking. G．You'll likely be met with silence. 根据本段的“It's not because your group is unfriendly，but because meal times are for eating，not talking.”可知，不是因为你的团队不友好，而是因为吃饭时间是为了吃饭，而不是为了说话。G项(你可能会遇到沉默)符合文意。 　　Take off your shoes when arriving at the door of a London dinner party and the hostess will find you uncivilized，but fail to remove your shoes before entering a home in Asia，Hawaii，or the Pacific Islands and you'll be considered disrespectful.So，if you see a row of shoes at the door，start undoing your laces._________________________ F．If not，keep the shoes on. 根据本段的小标题Removing Your Shoes or Not(脱鞋子还是不脱)和空前句“So，if you see a row of shoes...，start undoing your laces.”可知，F项(如果不是，请穿着鞋子)符合文意。 　　Once you are on the ground of a different country，remain highly sensitive to native behavior.______________________________________And don't feel offended(冒犯) if something seems offensive—like queue jumping. After all，this is a global village，and we are all very different. C．Never be completely surprised by anything. 根据空后句“And don't feel offended(冒犯) if something seems offensive—like queue jumping.”可知，空处也是一个否定的祈使句。C项(永远不要对任何事情感到惊讶)符合文意。 Ⅲ.语法填空 　　In science fiction，space 1.___________(describe) as a silent，empty place but things are different.In fact，all of the equipment 2.____(use) to keep a space station functioning can be so noisy 3.____ the astronauts working there cannot talk with one another 4._____(easy)—they have to shout.The high levels of sound may affect their work，and can sometimes even mean that they are 5._______(able) to sleep.In addition，they must face other problems in space. Scientists have found over 70，000 items of rubbish 6.__________ still remain in orbit(轨道) around the earth.Most of them are 7._______(small) than a tennis ball，but they still threaten(威胁) the 8._____(safe) of exploring in space.Even a small piece of metal could cause a terrible disaster if it hit a manned spacecraft. is described used that easily unable that/which smaller safety Although generally astronauts do make an effort 9.________(bring) most of their rubbish home，they don't always manage it.And they don't just leave their rubbish in space either.There is even a broken camera behind on 10.____ moon. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了太空中有很多噪音，以至于在那里工作的宇航员彼此之间交谈不容易，有时甚至意味着他们不能睡觉，并且太空中还有许多太空垃圾。 to bring the 1．答案：is described　 2．答案：used　 考查动词的时态和语态。space与describe之间是被动关系，用被动语态，表示经常或反复发生的事情，用一般现在时。综上所述，应该使用一般现在时的被动语态，故填is described。 查非谓语动词。all of the equipment与use之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语，故填used。 3．答案：that　 4．答案：easily　 5．答案：unable　 考查状语从句。so...that...如此……以至于……，是固定用法，故填that。 考查词性转换。修饰动词短语talk with用副词，故填easily。 考查词形转换。作be动词后的表语，用形容词；且根据语境可知，此处指不能睡觉，故填unable。 6．答案：that/which　 7．答案：smaller　 8．答案：safety　 考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词items of rubbish，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，故填that/which。 考查形容词的比较级。由“than a tennis ball”可判断这里需要使用比较级，故填smaller。 考查词性转换。此处作threaten的宾语，且前面有定冠词the，所以用名词，故填safety。 9．答案：to bring　 10．答案：the　 考查非谓语动词。make an effort to do sth.“努力做某事”，是固定用法，故填to bring。 返回 考查冠词。表示世界上独一无二的事物，用定冠词。故填the。 谢 谢 观 看 UNIT 4　Exploring literature 返回 $