课时测评21 Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas—Comprehending-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义配套练习（外研版）

课时测评21　Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas—Comprehending (时间：45分钟　满分：32.5分) (本栏目内容，在学生用书中以独立形式分册装订！) Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A The word tsunami, meaning “harbour wave”， is a combination of the Japanese characters “tsu” which means harbour and “nami” which means the wave.Tsunamis are commonly known as “killer waves”． A tsunami is usually a huge number of ocean waves which get stronger as they move along.It’s caused by pressure in the atmosphere (大气层), a volcanic explosion, an underwater earthquake or a landslide or even a meteor hitting the ocean. They have happened all over the world including Greece, Italy, Venezuela, Great Britain, Canada, Portugal, Indonesia, Chile, the US, New Zealand and by far most occurrences have been in Japan.That’s why the name comes from the Japanese language. Tsunamis are not like normal tidal waves and the water from them flows straight and with unbelievable power.Typical waves are where the water flows in circles.They can travel at the speed of up to 800 kilometres per hour without losing energy as they go along. The tsunami that hit Hawaii in 1946 was going almost as fast as a jet plane.That’s seriously fast.How big do you think a normal wave gets at a beach? Well, it is normally about 1 metre high.Now a tsunami wave can reach dozens of metres in height.But the highest recorded one was at the 1958 Lituya Bay mega tsunami with a recorded height of 524 metres. The Asian tsunami of 2004 in the Indian Ocean is considered the deadliest tsunami ever, which was caused by an earthquake with the energy of 23,000 Hiroshima-type atomic bombs (原子弹)! This brought with it unbelievably destructive waves hitting the coastlines of more than ten countries, killing more than 290,000 people and wiping out cities, causing huge losses. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了海啸名称的由来、海啸发生的历史以及有记录的大海啸。 1．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．What a tsunami is and how it happens. B．How a tsunami influences people. C．Why a tsunami is so powerful. D．How to prevent a tsunami. 答案：A 解析：段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，本段讲述了什么是海啸以及海啸发生的原因。 2．Which country has the most tsunamis? A．Greece.　 B．Indonesia. C．Japan. D．New Zealand. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“by far most occurrences have been in Japan.That’s why the name comes from the Japanese language”可知，到目前为止，日本是发生海啸次数最多的国家。 3．What can we know about the mega tsunami in Lituya Bay? A．It happened in 1946. B．It brought the highest waves on record. C．It influenced more than ten countries. D．It has been the most destructive tsunami up to now. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“But the highest recorded one was at the 1958 Lituya Bay mega tsunami with a recorded height of 524 metres.”可知，1958年利图亚湾大海啸引发的海浪是有记载以来最高的。 4．What does the underlined phrase “wiping out” mean in the last paragraph? A．Destroying completely. B．Beautifying gradually. C．Influencing slowly. D．Building quickly. 答案：A 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线短语前的“killing more than 290,000 people”和画线短语后的“causing huge losses”可知，画线短语表示对城市造成巨大的破坏。 B Some scientists have traced the increase in earthquakes to human activities, especially in areas not known for the presence of fault lines or past seismic(地震的) activity. The idea of humans causing earthquakes may seem strange at first.After all，you can run around your backyard and jump up and down as you want, and the ground isn’t going to start shaking. However, scientists have identified a variety of human activities that can result in earthquakes. Scientists have confirmed over 700 places where human activities have caused earthquakes over the last century.While many human-related earthquakes are small and don’t cause much damage，some of them can be serious and dangerous.In fact，scientists believe human activities have caused earthquakes with magnitudes as high as 7.9 on the Richter scale. Scientists believe that most human-related earthquakes are the result of mining.As humans drill deeper and deeper below the earth’s surface to get natural resources，holes left behind usually cause the instability(不稳固)of rocks，which leads to earthquakes.Another human activity leading to earthquakes is fracking(水力压裂)for oil and gas，including the high pressure waste water processing that usually goes with fracking.In this process，water，sand and chemicals are pressed underground under high pressure to break rocks to release natural resources. Building large dams can also cause earthquakes.Many people died as a result of a big earthquake caused by millions of tons of water that had been collected in a reservoir after a large dam was built over a known fault line. These are not the only human activities that can result in earthquakes，though.Scientists point out that earthquakes can also be caused by other human activities，such as construction of skyscrapers and nuclear explosions. There is no doubt that human activities have contributed a lot to social and economic development，but for our own benefit，we humans had better not push nature too hard，or we will have to pay a price. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些地震是由人类活动造成的，并介绍了哪些人类活动会造成地震。 5．What does the underlined part“fault lines”in Paragraph 1 probably refer to? A．Places with active human activities. B．Places connected with the natural balance. C．Areas where natural resources are rich. D．Areas where earthquakes tend to happen. 答案：D 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线部分所在句中的“or past seismic(地震的)activity”可知，“fault lines”和“past seismic(地震的)activity”为选择关系，由此可推知，fault lines指的也是一些容易发生地震的地区，故选D。 6．What do mining and gas producing have in common? A．They break the balance of nature. B．They destroy the stability of rocks. C．They do much damage to the earth’s surface. D．They use high pressure to get natural resources. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“As humans drill deeper and deeper... cause the instability(不稳固)of rocks”和“In this process，water，sand and chemicals... break rocks to release natural resources.”可知，采矿和石油生产的共同点在于它们都破坏了岩石的稳定性。故选B。 7．What is the author’s attitude towards human activities? A．Objective. B．Supportive. C．Doubtful. D．Responsible. 答案：A 解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段可知，作者既说明了人类活动的优点，也指出了人类活动的弊端，因此作者对人类活动的态度是客观的，故选A。 8．What does the author mainly tell us in the passage? A．All the earthquakes are caused by humans. B．Humans are responsible for certain earthquakes. C．Nature punishes humans by means of earthquakes. D．Much progress has been made on earthquake research. 答案：B 解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一些地震是由人类活动造成的，并介绍了哪些人类活动会造成地震，B项能够概括文章主要内容，故选B。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) How To Garden When There Is Too Much Water Unusual weather in summer has hurt many gardens in the United States. __1__ For others it is too much. In some gardens, water sits on the surface of the ground or the ground stays wet for hours after rain stops. We will look at three ways you can deal with the problem of too much water—you can use one, or all three, in the same garden. Use a waterway to let water run away __2__ The simplest way is with a ditch (沟), or, if your garden is large, a few ditches. You will also, of course, need the ditch to flow into lower ground. Ditches crossing your garden need not be unpleasant to look at or troublesome. Design a garden in which flat stones line ditches and form bridges across ditches that cross paths. __3__ Use pipes Another way to do away with water—without changing the look of your garden—is to bury pipes with small holes underground. Dig a ditch, as described above, then lay in a black pipe that is about 10 cm across its width. The pipe is made to bend easily, and the holes in it let in water. __4__ The cloth can keep out dirt. Then, put a layer of small stones and finally some soil. Raise the roots (根) The third way to give your plants more air is to raise them above the water. Trees and bushes can be planted on raised piles of soil, often called “beds”. __5__ How wide depends on the final size of the plant. If you want a bigger plant, give its roots more room to grow. A．Try to get enough air into the soil. B．For many, the problem is not enough rain. C．Build a box at least 15 cm high of wood or stone. D．Cover the pipe with a cloth that water can pass through. E．The beds need to be wide enough to allow roots to spread. F．The whole system can look like a beautiful water-town sight. G．One way is to let the water flow(流) to some lower place. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章阐述了美国夏天的多雨天气导致许多花园内涝， 并详细介绍了几种解决内涝的方法。 1．答案：B 解析：根据设空处的上一句和下文可知， 不寻常的天气导致雨水过多， 以至于在一些花园里， 雨停后地面仍保持湿润数小时。因此， B项“For many, the problem is not enough rain.”符合语境， 该选项阐述的“雨水不足”与下文“雨水过多”形成鲜明对比， 且该选项中的“For many”与下一句中的“For others”相呼应。故选B。 2．答案：G 解析：通读本段并结合本段标题Use a waterway to let water run away 可知， 本段阐述的让水流走的第一个方案是“让水流到较低的地方”。因此G项“One way is to let the water flow(流) to some lower place.”符合语境， 且该选项中的“lower place”与本段中的“lower ground”相呼应。故选G。 3．答案：F 解析：根据设空处的上一句可知， F选项“The whole system can look like a beautiful water-town sight.”符合语境， 该选项承接上文，且进一步概括了上文阐述的设计看起来就像是一个美丽的水城景观。故选F。 4．答案：D 解析：根据设空处的下一句“The cloth can keep out dirt.”可知， D项“Cover the pipe with a cloth that water can pass through.”符合语境， 该选项阐述用一块布盖住管子， 衔接下文进一步说明这块布的作用是能阻挡泥土。故选D。 5．答案：E 解析：根据设空处的上一句可知， E项“The beds need to be wide enough to allow roots to spread.”符合语境， 该选项承接上一句提到的“beds”， 且进一步阐述这种“beds”必须足够宽才能使根系扩散， 选项中的“beds”与上一句中的“beds”相呼应。故选E。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $