Unit 3 The world of Science 单元综合与提升-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（外研版）

该高中英语单元复习讲义通过分类梳理构建知识体系，将核心词汇、词性转换、短语搭配及重点句型按“基础积累-语法应用-语用实践”递进组织，用表格呈现词汇派生规则，框架图展示“with复合结构”“强调句型”等语法脉络，清晰呈现知识内在联系与重难点分布。 讲义亮点在于分层练习设计与方法指导，如语法填空结合单元核心词汇考查词形转换，读后续写通过“四步曲”引导学生梳理情节、构思框架，培养语言运用与逻辑思维能力。基础题夯实词汇语法，拓展题提升语篇理解，助力不同层次学生发展学习能力，为教师实施精准复习提供系统支持。

单元综合与提升 ◎ 1．shoot v.　　　　　 射出(光线等)，放射 2．virtual adj. 虚拟的，模拟的 3．stuff n. 东西，物品 4．desire n. 渴望，欲望 5．passive adj. 被动的 6．beyond prep. 无法…… 7．cure n. 药剂；疗法 8．experiment n. (科学)实验 9．chemist n. 化学家 10．astronomer n. 天文学家 11．biologist n. 生物学家 12．mental adj. 精神的；精神健康的 13．declaration n. 声明，宣告 14．instance n. 例子，实例 15．account n. 记述，描述 ◎ 选用左栏单词的适当形式填空 1．He gave a detailed account of what had happened on the fateful night. 2．We are to finish with the experiment in two months at the most. 3．I have a strong desire to visit the old castle，whose door is painted red. 4．His movie won several awards at the film festival，which was beyond his wildest dream. 5．The fact is that not all the instances confirm that hard work can lead to success. 6．The mental health benefits from music can’t be argued. 7．The speed of 6G will exceed 125 GB/s, allowing for a new generation of virtual reality. ◎ 1．press v．按→pressure n．压力 2．flexible adj.易弯曲的，柔韧的→flexibility n．柔韧；灵活 3．capable adj.有能力的→capably adv.能干地→capability n．能力→incapable adj. 无能力的 4．significant adj.重要的，影响深远的→significance n. 意义；重要性 5．injure v. 使受伤，弄伤→injury n. 伤，损害→injured adj.受伤的 6．accurate adj.精确的→accurately adv.精确地；准确地 7．minor adj.小的→minority n. 少数；少数派；少数民族 8．origin n. 起源，起因→original adj.原来的；起初的；最早的 学生用书第85页 9．extraordinary adj.非凡的，出色的→ordinary adj.普通的 10．brilliant adj.聪颖的，才华横溢的→brilliantly adv.光彩夺目地；出色，精彩；高明地→brilliancy n. 透明度，亮明，光彩，才华 11．attach v. 系，绑；贴→attached adj.依恋的，爱慕的；附属于→attachment n. 依恋；信念；忠诚；(机器的)附件 12．conduct v. 传导(热、电)→conductor n. 导体；指挥；售票员→conductive adj.具有传导性的 13．scientific adj.科学(上)的→science n. 科学→scientist n. 科学家 14．entirely adv.完全地，彻底地→entire adj. 完全的；整个的 15．proof n. 证明，证据→prove v. 证明是；被发现是 ◎ 用所给单词的适当形式填空 1．The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is that one can be entirely (entire) free from dust. 2．The pressure (press) from her work entirely made her lose heart. 3．To the satisfaction of me, the practice of tai chi contributes to my slow improvement in balance and flexibility (flexible). 4．By practicing hard, you can use the machine accurately (accurate). 5．It’s extremely hard working together but on the whole it works brilliantly (brilliant) and we’re still good friends. 6．①The terrible accident occurred on this street the other day, causing 7 injuries (injure) and 2 deaths. ②Now I have recovered and if one member in the court is injured (injure), I can replace him. 7．①It was all dealt with very capably (capable) by the police and security people. ②I felt some kind of relief and convinced him of his capability (capable) to fulfil this ambition since he had had sufficient practice and strong determination. 8．①All the scientific (science) evidence shows that increasing use of mobile phones is damaging our health. ②The two scientists (science) clicked the button and observed closely, chatting about the progress they had made. 9．①For more detailed information, you might as well check the attached (attach) poster. ②Please email us before the deadline with your photos in the attachment (attach). ◎ 1．as well as 　　　　　　 也，还，除……之外 2．in addition 除此之外，另外 3．in terms of 在……方面，就……而言 4．start with 从……开始 5．lead to 导致；通向 6．virtual reality 虚拟现实 7．wearable tech 可穿戴技术 8．be used to do sth 被用来做某事 9．never say never 别轻易说决不 10．apart from 除……之外 11．be named after 以……命名 12．be attached to 被固定到/附在……上 13．along with 和……一起 14．take place 发生，举行 15．die from 死于 16．come up with 提出；想出 ◎ 选用左栏短语的适当形式填空 1．Apart from a small team of paid staff，the organization is made up of unpaid volunteers. 2．It is often a good idea to start with small，easily achievable goals. 3．As the saying goes，all roads lead to Rome. 4．In terms of population，China is the largest country in the world. 5．American children eat too many snacks between meals. In addition，they drink too many sugary drinks. 6．I don’t know who came up with this idea，but it is really wonderful. 7．The plotlines (主要情节)of cartoons are simple and they often take place at home or school. 8．Lily’s father died from an earthquake 10 years ago. That’s why she comes to the earthquake-stricken area to help. 学生用书第86页 ◎ 1．“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构 And now，we find ourselves in the great new age of technology. 2．“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构(with的复合结构) It is capable of using GPS technology to travel to different places，with computing technology controlling its “legs”. 3．强调句型的特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that...? So what is it that inspires us to invent things? 4．“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构 For example，the title “Franklin’s Experiment：How Much Is True？”makes it clear what question is being answered within the essay. 5．neither... nor... “既不……也不……” However，neither the story nor the details of the experiment are entirely true. ◎ 1．他回到家却发现自己的一根手指受伤了。 He returned home，only to find one of his fingers injured. 2．由于天气变化，我们不得不推迟运动会。 With the weather changed, we had to put off the sports meeting. 3．昨天是谁在校园里捡到你的钥匙的？ Who was it that picked up your key in the campus yesterday? 4．请不要让他一直站在那儿。 Please don’t make him standing there all the time. 5．约翰和汤姆都不知道怎样拼写这个单词。 Neither John nor Tom knows how to spell the word. 语法填空(文中加黑词汇为本单元的重点词汇) Benjamin Franklin was a 1.creative (create) inventor. He helped draft the Declaration of Independence and the US Constitution. His famous experiment with lightning is known 2.to all. The story is that Franklin flew a kite during a storm. A metal key 3.was attached (attach) to the end of the kite string. A flash of lightning hit the kite, and 4.electricity (electric) was conducted through the string to the key. 5.However, new research suggests that the story may be fiction instead of fact. Neither the story nor the details of the experiment are entirely true. 6.Similarly (similar), some people have questioned the story about the apple 7.falling (fall) on Newton’s head, 8.which led him to come up with his theory of gravity. In fact, more than one account suggests that there is no 9.proof (prove) that the apple hit him on the head. The above shows that the procedure of 10.scientific (science) experiments must be true. 学生用书第87页 Four years ago, more than 700 computer scientists competed① in a contest to build artificial intelligence (AI) that could pass an 8-grade science exam.They all flunked②.Even the most developed system couldn’t score higher than 60 points on the test.AI can’t match the language and logic skills that students are expected to have when they enter middle school. Later, a system named Aristo was developed by the Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence, a lab in the US.It recently passed an 8-grade science exam taken by many US students, The New York Times reported.It correctly answered more than 90% of the questions.Then it was given a 12-grade exam and it scored more than 80 points.Aristo was able to pass the exam because it can not only understand language but also use logical③ thinking to solve difficult problems.For example, it can understand what a forest fire is and how it could affect animals like rabbits.The Aristo system used Bert, a kind of technology developed by a famous company, to answer the questions.Bert has “read” thousands of Wikipedia articles④ and books.If it looks at a sentence with a missing word, it can correctly guess what the word is.With the help of Bert, Aristo has “read” a lot of science questions and answers.Over time, it was able to find logical patterns⑤ on its own. “Aristo’s success means that AI systems are getting better at understanding language and even responding⑥ to language.However, we can’t compare this technology to real human students and their logical ability，” said Jingjing Liu, a Microsoft researcher, who has been working on similar technologies. [词海拾贝] ①compete v. 竞争；参加比赛(或竞赛) ②flunk v. (考试、测验等)失败，不及格 ③logical adj.符合逻辑的；按照逻辑的 ④article n. (报刊上的)文章 ⑤pattern n. 模式；方式 ⑥respond v. 回答，回应；作出反应 [阅读问答] 阅读文本，回答以下问题 1．Why was Aristo developed? To improve the logical skills of AI. 2．What do Jingjing Liu’s words show? Aristo’s logical ability still needs improving. 读后续写之科学精神 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 When Edith heard there was a competition to invent a brand-new machine, she longed to enter. Her idol (偶像), the famous inventor Mathew, was going to be the judge! Edith planned and worked on her invention every day after school. Finally, a huge light-up music box was finished—just in time for the competition. She was sure it would win first prize. Everyone would 学生用书第88页 certainly be amazed when the lights shone and the music began to play. However, when Edith slowly turned the handle (手柄), nothing happened. The machine needed more power. Edith turned the handle faster, but no matter how quickly she went, she couldn’t get more than a flash from the lights. There was no way this would win and she had run out of time to fix it. On the competition night, Edith went to the town hall with a heavy heart. She set up her music machine, feeling like a failure. Mathew burst through the doors on his bike, whose pedals (脚踏板) gave off light. Everyone cheered excitedly. He got off the bike and walked around the rooms to see the inventions on show. Edith was nervous as he came over. “Can you tell me about your machine？” he asked. “It is a music machine that lights up.” Edith said in a low voice. Mathew clapped happily. “Amazing! Show me how it works.” Edith turned the handle faster than she’d ever managed before. Terrible slow music started and the lights flashed on and off. Someone nearby laughed. Edith’s cheeks turned red. “Don’t worry.” Mathew smiled, “All my inventions went wrong when I was younger. You mustn’t give up.” Hiding behind the machine, Edith couldn’t wait for the competition to end. The judging had almost finished when suddenly the lights of the hall went out. No one could get the lights to work and the competition couldn’t carry on. Edith thought for a moment. If only she were stronger, she could have turned the handle of her machine faster and lit up the room. In the dark, Edith could just see Mathew climbing onto his bike, with his pedals glimmering (发出微光). 注意：1．续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 “Don’t go！” Edith shouted, “I know how to light up the room！”______________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ Everyone jumped with joy as light and music from the machine filled the room.________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ [读后续写四步曲] 第一步　通读全文，理清脉络 1．读要素，弄懂故事大意 本文大意：主要讲述了Edith参加一场发明全新机器的竞赛，她设计了一个通过转动手柄就会发光以及发出音乐的发光音乐盒。但在比赛时，她一个人的力气不够，所以无法让音乐盒亮起来，以为自己要失败了。这时候大厅的灯突然熄灭了。 2．读人物，理清人物关系 Edith, Mathew, the audience 3．读时态，确定主体时态 一般过去时 4．读结构，了解叙述方式 第1－3段：Edith参加了一个发明比赛，她精心制作了一个巨大的发光音乐盒，然而需要更多的动力才能亮起来，她意识到自己不可能赢得比赛。 第4－5段：比赛之夜，Edith 心情沉重地带着她的音乐盒参加比赛，Mathew询问了她的发明。Edith小声地向他解释了她的发明。 学生用书第89页 第6－7段：在Mathew的鼓励下，Edith尽可能快地转动手柄以让音乐盒运转，但音乐盒只发出了缓慢而刺耳的音乐，灯光闪烁不定，有人嘲笑她，Edith感到尴尬和羞愧，Mathew鼓励她不要放弃。当评判快要结束时，大厅的灯光突然熄灭了，没有人能让灯光重新亮起。 续写部分：第一段主要描写Edith如何让房间亮起来的过程；第二段则讲述Edith最终征服众人，获得冠军的场景 由此可见，材料是按照事情发展的阶段来划分的。我们在构思续写时应从这个叙述方式去进行拓展。 5．读语言，把握语言特色 原文中的语言特色： (1)丰富的情感描写 Mathew clapped happily. “Amazing! Show me how it works.” Edith was nervous as he came over. (2)被动语态的使用 Finally, a huge light-up music box was finished—just in time for the competition. Everyone would certainly be amazed when the lights shone and the music began to play. (3)语言描写的使用 “Can you tell me about your machine？” he asked. “It is a music machine that lights up.” Edith said in a low voice. Mathew clapped happily. “Amazing! Show me how it works.” “Don’t worry.” Mathew smiled, “All my inventions went wrong when I was younger. You mustn’t give up.” 第二步　依据首句，构思框架 1．读懂两段首句 第一段首句译文：“别走！”伊迪丝喊道：“我知道如何点亮房间！” 第二段首句译文：当机器发出的光和音乐充满整个房间时，每个人都高兴地跳了起来。 第一段框架：Edith讲述如何让房间亮起来的方法，按照Edith的方法，音乐盒亮了，点亮了房间。 第二段框架：比赛继续进行，Edith获得了比赛的第一名，成功是给永不言败且有想法的人。 2．写好两个衔接句 第一段首句后的衔接句：Edith said, “The machine needs a lot of power to turn the handle. 第二段首句后的衔接句：Everyone was grateful that Edith had let the competition carry on. 3．写好一个升华句 第二段的尾句，即文尾句。能体现故事圆满结局的句子或故事给我们的启示的句子： Mathew said success belongs to those who never give up and have ideas. 第三步　增加细节，展开续写 基于第一段的框架，我们可以补充以下细节： Edith的语言描写(说她知道如何点亮房间，向Mathew解释原理并请求他的帮助)→描述性语言(Mathew同意并帮助她把他的自行车和音乐盒连接起来)→描述性语言(Mathew骑着自行车，音乐盒逐渐照亮了房间) 基于第二段的框架，我们可以补充以下细节： 描述性语言(当机器运转时，每个人都很感激Edith)→Edith的动作描写和情感描写(宣布获奖时，Edith开心地跳了起来)→主题升华(成功属于那些永不放弃和有想法的人) 第四步　检查优化，整洁誊写 “Don’t go！” Edith shouted, “I know how to light up the room！” Edith said, “The machine needs a lot of power to turn the handle. The faster people turn the handle, the brighter the light is. However, I’m not strong enough to turn the handle. I think you and your bike can be helpful.” Hearing the method that Edith offered, Mathew agreed and helped her link his bike with the music box. As Mathew rode the bike, the music box gradually lit up the room. Everyone jumped with joy as light and music from the machine filled the room. Everyone was grateful that Edith had let the competition carry on. It was time for judgment. When Mathew announced that the first place was Edith, Edith jumped with joy. Mathew said success belongs to those who never give up and have ideas. 学生用书第90页 科学家祖冲之 Zu Chongzhi, a renowned Chinese ancient scientist, was known for his contributions to mathematics and astronomy. Born in the 5th century, he grew up in a scholarly family that emphasized learning. Inspired by his father, Zu Chongzhi dedicated his life to the pursuit of knowledge. 祖冲之是中国古代著名的科学家，以其在数学和天文学方面的贡献而闻名。他出生在5世纪，成长在一个强调学习的学术家庭中。受到父亲的启发，祖冲之将他的一生奉献给了对知识的探求。 From an early age, Zu Chongzhi showed exceptional talent in mathematics. He devised a method to accurately calculate the value of pi, pushing the boundaries of mathematical understanding. His work was groundbreaking and highly regarded by his peers. 祖冲之从小就在数学方面展现出非凡的才能。他设计了一种方法来准确计算圆周率的值，推动了数学理解的边界。他的工作具有开创性，并受到同行的高度评价。 Zu Chongzhi’s interest in astronomy led him to develop a new method for calculating the length of a year, which was called “Daming Calendar”， far superior to previous Chinese astronomers’ calculations. His precise measurements helped improve the accuracy of the Chinese calendar, benefiting agricultural practices and societal planning. 祖冲之对天文学的兴趣促使他发展了一种计算一年长度的新方法，被称为“大明历”，远优于以前中国天文学家的计算。他的精确测量帮助提高了中国历法的准确性，对农业实践和社会规划都有益。 Beyond his scientific achievements, Zu Chongzhi was also admired for his humility and moral integrity. He never hesitated to share his knowledge and teachings with others, inspiring a new generation of intellectuals. 除了他的科学成就外，祖冲之还因其谦逊和道德正直而受到人们的钦佩。他从不犹豫与他人分享他的知识和教导，激励了新一代的知识分子。 Zu Chongzhi’s legacy as a pioneering scientist and his dedication to the pursuit of knowledge continue to inspire scientists and mathematicians around the world. His contributions to Chinese ancient science are a testament to the rich scientific heritage of China. 祖冲之作为一位开创性的科学家的遗产以及他对知识追求的奉献，继续激励着世界各地的科学家和数学家。他对中国古代科学的贡献证明了中国丰富的科学遗产。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $