Unit 3 Section Ⅳ Grammar-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（外研版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语现在完成时的被动语态这一核心语法点，通过“语法串烧”语篇导入建立语境感知，系统梳理其概念（过去被动动作对现在的影响、主宾动宾关系）、构成（肯定/否定/疑问式结构）、用法（影响结果、持续状态、时间条件从句）及注意事项（单宾语、双宾语转换），形成“感知-解析-应用”的学习支架。 该资料以语篇实例为载体提升语言能力，如通过互联网发展语篇帮助学生直观感知语法结构。结构化表格梳理构成规则，培养思维品质中的分析归纳能力，双宾语转换等注意事项强化严谨表达。分层练习（填空、句式转换）助力学习能力提升，课中辅助教师系统授课，课后学生可通过实例巩固，有效查漏补缺，夯实语法应用基础。

Section Ⅳ　Grammar 现在完成时的被动语态 语法串烧 我的发现 　　The Internet has been greatly improved in the past decades of years. So far, a lot of new software has been developed and applied to the Internet. Many functions have been added to the Internet, which has made people’s lives more convenient. Many search engines have been developed. People can look up the most updated information from large databases. People’s lives have been greatly changed by the Internet. 1．“主语＋have/has been＋过去分词”结构是现在完成时的被动语态； 2．它表示动作或状态在说话之前已经结束或持续到现在并对现在产生影响或造成结果； 3．主语是行为动作的承受者。 一、概念 现在完成时的被动语态强调一个发生在过去的被动性动作，它有两层意思：动作已经完成，强调对现在造成的影响或结果；主语与谓语动词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。 Our classroom has been cleaned.You needn’t clean it now. 我们的教室已经打扫过，你现在没有必要再打扫了。 These flowers have been watered.You can go home. 这些花已经浇水了，你可以回家了。 二、构成 肯定式 主语＋have/has been done... 否定式 主语＋have/has not been done... 一般疑问式 Have/Has＋主语＋been done...？ 特殊疑问式 特殊疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋been done...？ ◎巧学活用1——用所给词的适当形式填空/完成句子 ①Paper money has been used (use) for over a thousand years. ② —Has the letter been sent (send) to Mr. Black? —No.It’s still on the desk. ③You can see the house has not been painted (not, paint) for years. ④ —Why does Mary look so unhappy? —She has been laughed (laugh) at by her classmates. ⑤自1990年以来，这家工厂生产了多少辆汽车？ How many cars have been produced by the factory since 1990? 三、用法 1．现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，通常与already，yet，just，never，recently等副词连用。 The machine has already been repaired. 机器已经修好了。 学生用书第81页 2.表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能一直持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于 “How long...？” 句型中。 Financial problems of the company have been discussed for nearly two hours. 公司的财务问题已被讨论了近两个小时了。 How long have you been employed by this company? 你受雇于这家公司多长时间了？ 3．用于时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已经完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。 You shouldn’t leave school before your homework has been finished. 在你的作业没完成之前，你不应该离开学校。 [联想发散]　常与现在完成时连用的时间状语有： recently/lately (最近)，since then (从那时起)，ever since (自从)，by now (到现在为止)，for a long time (很长一段时间)，ever (曾经)，in recent years (在最近几年里)，yet (已经)，in/during/over the past/last years (在过去的几年里)，already (已经)，so far (迄今为止)等。 四、注意事项 1．只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 His boss has already punished him. →He has already been punished by his boss. 他的老板已经惩罚了他。 2．带有双宾语的动词，如give，send，bring，take，teach，show，tell，make，sing，write，read，sell，buy，pay，lend，pass，promise等，变为被动语态时，一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。 The company has given him a chance to work abroad recently. →He has been given a chance to work abroad recently by the company. →A chance to work abroad has been given to him recently by the company. 最近公司给了他一次出国工作的机会。 ◎巧学活用2——把下列句子改成被动句 ①I haven’t found my schoolbag. →My schoolbag hasn’t been found by me. ②He has sold out all his bikes in the shop. →All his bikes in the shop have been sold out by him. ③People have cut down many big trees along the stream to build houses. →Many big trees along the stream have been cut down by people to build houses. ④They have spent large quantities of funds in bringing up the three children. →Large quantities of funds have been spent by them in bringing up the three children. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $