Unit 3 Section Ⅳ Grammar-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第二册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（外研版）

Section Ⅳ　Grammar 动词不定式作定语和结果状语 语法串烧 我的发现 　　Last Monday, we had a class meeting ①to talk about the spirit of utter devotion, ②only to find many students had different ideas.They said that the new modern heroes and heroines are more worthy of our learning.Honestly, there are also too many other people worthwhile ③to learn from.Most importantly, we must seize any chance ④to study hard ⑤to contribute to our motherland. ①动词不定式作定语，修饰a class meeting； ②动词不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果； ③动词不定式作定语，修饰too many other people； ④动词不定式作定语，修饰chance； ⑤动词不定式作目的状语。 动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等，但不能作谓语。 一、结构 基本结构：to＋动词原形，有时动词不定式符号to可以省略。 否定形式：not to＋动词原形。 动词不定式有形式和语态变化，通常有下表中的几种形式(以do为例)： 形式 主动 被动 一般式 to do to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done 进行式 to be doing 完成进行式 to have been doing 二、动词不定式作定语 动词不定式及其短语作定语，与其他短语作定语一样，一般都放在被修饰的词之后，通常表示一个将来的动作。 动词不定式作定语与被修饰的词之间有一定的逻辑关系。这些关系常见的有三种。 1．动词不定式与被修饰的名词或代词有逻辑上的动宾关系。 He told me he had a composition to write. 他告诉我他有一篇作文要写。 I want to get something to drink. 我想喝点东西。 [名师点津]　由上述例句得知，此时的动词不定式必须是及物动词。如果是不及物动词，其后就带一个结构或含义上所需要的介词。 Will you please bring me a chair to sit in? 请给我拿把椅子来坐好吗？ She has nothing to worry about. 她没有什么可担心的事。 2．动词不定式与被修饰的名词或不定代词有逻辑上的主谓关系。 He was the last one to arrive. 他是最后一个到达的人。 Is there anyone to take care of the child? 有人照顾这个孩子吗？ [名师点津]　上述例句中的动词不定式动作的逻辑主语分别是one和anyone。此时的动词不定式在意义上相当于一个定语从句。 Among the men to take part in the work(＝Among the men who are to take part in the work)，he is probably the most active. 在参加这项工作的人当中，他可能是最活跃的。 学生用书第82页 3．动词不定式所修饰的词在意义上通常是用于动词不定式所做某种事情的。 We have got a new way to kill field mice. 我们找到了一种杀死田鼠的新方法。 I think he will have a chance to go to his hometown. 我认为他有机会去他的家乡。 4．特殊用法 (1)动词不定式作定语，修饰the first，the last，the third等，中心词为动词不定式的执行者时用to do(主动式)，中心词为动词不定式承受者时用to be done(被动式)。 The newspaper reporter was the last to walk out of the cave. 那位报社记者是最后一个走出山洞的。 This is the third question to be discussed. 这是要讨论的第三个问题。 (2)中心词是由动词派生的名词，原动词常用动词不定式作宾语，此类名词有wish，decision，refusal，arrangement，intention，agreement，hope，need，plan，promise，failure，attempt等。 They made a decision to put off the meeting until next week. 他们做出了把会议推迟到下个星期的决定。 He expressed his wish to visit the Great Wall. 他表达了参观长城的愿望。 He made a promise to be a good boy. 他许诺要做一个好孩子。 There is no need to build a dam on the small river. 没有必要在这条小河上筑坝。 (3)中心词是由形容词派生的名词，原形容词常用动词不定式作状语，此类名词有ability，eagerness，anxiety，patience，willingness等。 A good teacher must have the ability to make himself understood. 一个好老师必须有让别人理解自己的能力。 (4)名词本身是抽象名词，常用动词不定式解释其中的内容，此类名词有chance，plan，means，courage，effort，measure，movement，opportunity，power，reason，right，skill，strength，struggle，idea，way，approach等。 In our country，everyone has the right to go to school. 在我们国家，每个人都有上学的权利。 He has a strange way to make his classes lively and interesting. 他有一种奇特的方法使他的课生动有趣。 (5)中心词是动词不定式的执行者，动词不定式应后于谓语或在未来发生。 He had no photographs to remind him of the past. 他没有照片来回忆过去。 We are in need of nurses to look after the patients. 我们需要护士照顾病人。 Is there anybody to carry on the work? 有人继续做这项工作吗？ (6)中心词是动词不定式的承受者，动词不定式应该是及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语，动词不定式通常不能带宾语。动词不定式的执行者是句子的主语、间接宾语或泛指的人，用主动式to do；强调动词不定式另有一个执行者，用被动式to be done。 I have a letter to post，so I can't go to swim with you. 我有一封信要寄，所以我不能和你一起去游泳。 I have a letter to be posted.Can you help me? 我有一封信要寄出去，你能帮我吗？ [名师点津]　动词不定式为不及物动词时，应有必要的介词。 She has a lot of things to attend to. 她有许多事情要处理。 Is there something to be ashamed of? 有什么丢脸的事吗？ 学生用书第83页 ◎巧学活用1——单句语法填空 ①From the earliest ages, they desire to help (help) others and to participate in achieving common goals. ②I am exactly where I want to be and have no plans to retire (retire). ③The building to be completed (complete) next year will be splendid. ④What is the best way you can imagine to reduce (reduce) the overuse of water in our school? ⑤The lecture to follow (follow) will include the changes brought about by the incident. 三、动词不定式作结果状语 动词不定式作状语表示结果时常用如下结构： so＋形容词/副词＋as to do　如此……以至于…… such＋形容词＋名词＋as to do　如此……以至于……enough＋名词＋to do　足够…… 形容词/副词＋enough＋to do　足够…… too＋形容词/副词＋to do　太……以至于不能…… 动词不定式作结果状语时，注意下面几种情况： 1．only to do表示出乎意料、意想不到的结果。 He hurried to the railway station，only to find the train had left. 他匆忙赶到车站，却发现火车已经开走了。 2．enough to do，too...to do结构。 The boy isn't old enough to go to school.＝The boy is too young to go to school. 这个男孩年龄太小以至于不能去上学。 3．so(such)...as to do结构，意为“如此……以至于……”。 I am not such a fool as to believe a cheat. 我还没有傻到相信一个骗子。 He is so kind as to help the old lady off the bus. 他是如此善良以至于帮助这位老太太下公共汽车。 ◎巧学活用2——单句语法填空 ①I am too tired to carry (carry) the heavy box. ②Her father disappeared, never to be heard (hear) again. ③Would you be so kind as to tell (tell) me the way to the station? ④I arrived at the shop only to find (find) I'd left all my money at home. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $