课时测评15 Discovering Useful Structures-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义配套练习（人教版）

课时测评15　Discovering Useful Structures (时间：45分钟　满分：77分) [基础语境练] Ⅰ.单句语法填空(每小题1分，共9分) 1．If you don't like something，you almost always have the power to change (change)it. 2．The ability to download (download) apps can enrich a visitor's experience. 3．He is one of the first scientists to study (study) outer space. 4．My family's flight was delayed，so we were the last group to arrive (arrive). 5．To catch (catch) the early flight，we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early. 6．Before the Spring Festival，many people travel home to see (see) their family. 7．As a senior high school student，you must make efforts to improve (improve) your communication and problem-solving skills. 8．To publish (publish) their researches in journals，scientists have to work hard，even without financial reward. 9．We hurried there，only to find (find) a note pinned on the door，informing us of the delay of the meeting. Ⅱ.语法与写作(每小题3分，共15分) 1．我认为挖井取水是解决缺水问题的好方法。 I think digging wells for drinking water is a good way to solve the problem of water shortage． 2．我决定利用一切机会练习我的英语口语。 I decide to take advantage of every opportunity to practise my spoken English． 3．我珍惜这个好机会来开阔我的视野，提高我的英语口语。 I treasure this as a good chance to broaden my horizons as well as improve my spoken English. 4．屠呦呦是第一位被授予诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的中国科学家。 Tu Youyou is the first Chinese scientist to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. 5．为了专心于她的学习，她已经拒绝了几次参加演出的邀请。 She has turned down several invitations to star at shows to concentrate on her studies． Ⅲ.语法与语篇(每小题3分，共18分) 根据括号内的汉语提示补全短文 　　Li Hua is a naughty child.Several months ago，his mother sent him to a training school 1.to correct his bad habits (改正他的坏习惯).He was glad 2.to see the teacher (看见老师).The teacher was easy 3.to get along with (相处).The teacher told Li Hua to raise his hand if he had something 4.to say (要说的).He was always the first 5.to ask questions in the class (在班上问问题).To everyone's happiness，he did very well in school.Later his mother took him home，6.only to find (结果发现) that he really changed. [素能提升练] Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2024·衡水高一检测) In 1969，watching the landing of Apollo 11 on the Moon on TV from his parents' farm in Canada，Chris Hadfield was amazed and excited.On that day，at only nine years old，Chris made the most important decision of his life：He was going to be an astronaut. There wasn't even a training program in Canada to become an astronaut，but Chris was determined.He spent a great deal of time studying and fixing engines.After school he joined the Canadian army where he learned to fly many different types of planes.Chris did a lot of research for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in the United States and had special training.Finally，in 1995，he rode his first rocket into space. Chris became the first Canadian astronaut to walk in space，and went on a number of space missions throughout his career.The most memorable was his five-month stay on the International Space Station (ISS) as commander，between December 2012 and May 2013.He posted on social media thousands of photos of Earth and videos of himself explaining how things work in zero gravity.His followers could watch him sleeping，brushing his teeth，washing his hands，or preparing “space” snacks in zero gravity，which turned him into a social media phenomenon. Today，Chris travels the world giving talks about his work.He once said，“Decide in your heart of hearts what really excites and challenges you，and start moving your life in that direction.Every decision you make，from what you eat to what you do with your time tonight，turns you into who you are tomorrow.Look at who you want to be，and start sculpting yourself into that person.You may not get exactly where you thought you'd be，but you will be doing things that suit you in a profession you believe in.Don't let life randomly kick you into the adult you don't want to become.” 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了加拿大宇航员Chris Hadfield小时候看到阿波罗11号登陆月球后，立志成为一名宇航员的故事。 1．What led Chris to make up his mind to be an astronaut? A．The life on his parents' farm. B．His ability to fly various planes. C．Apollo 11's landing on the Moon. D．His passion for studying engines. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段可知，1969年，克里斯·哈德菲尔德通过电视观看阿波罗11号登陆月球。在那一天，只有九岁的克里斯做出了他一生中最重要的决定：他要成为一名宇航员。 2．What made Chris popular in the media? A．The space tasks he conducted in his life. B．The pictures and videos he posted online. C．His inspiring talks about his work around the world. D．His great contributions to Canada's space industry. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知，克里斯上传到网上的照片和视频使克里斯在媒体中很受欢迎。 3．What can we learn from Chris' words in the last paragraph? A．Courage is what it takes to overcome difficulties. B．Opportunities go hand in hand with challenges. C．From small beginnings comes great things. D．The key to success lies in the firm aim. 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Decide in your heart of hearts what really excites and challenges you，and start moving your life in that direction.”可知，从克里斯的话中，我们可以知道，想要成功，一定要坚持自己的目标。 4．Which of the following best can describe Chris? A．Strong-willed and hard-working. B．Adventurous and outgoing. C．Optimistic and responsible. D．Smart and knowledgeable. 答案：A 解析：推理判断题。通读全文，尤其根据第二段中的“There wasn't even a training program in Canada to become an astronaut，but Chris was determined.He spent a great deal of time studying and fixing engines.”可知，克里斯意志坚定而且工作勤奋。 B (2025·北京市通州高一期末) Space exploration has produced valuable insights about Earth，the solar system and beyond.However，massive space activity over the past few decades has led to unintended orbital debris (残骸). Every launch of satellites or rockets adds to the problem，increasing the risk that negatively influences not only space missions but also future endeavors.Since the 1957 launch of Sputnik-1，human activity in Earth's orbit has caused significant distortions in space，raising serious concerns about the debris left behind. This ever-increasing threat can be best understood through the Kessler syndrome in space.This phenomenon occurs when objects in low Earth orbit (LEO) become so crowded that they begin to hit each other，creating more debris and more collisions (碰撞)，thus resulting in chain reactions of mergers and fissions.Many experts warn that LEO is moving towards Kessler's syndrome. Accidental collisions in space also increase the orbital overload，such as the 2009 collision between two satellites，Kosmos 2251 and Iridium 33.Such events have worsened the orbital debris problem and raised the prospect of disastrous space conditions. The need for sustainable space activities and the reduction of space debris are being emphasized globally to address the rising space pollution.Therefore，governments have issued many regulatory measures，including active debris removal (ADR) technologies and pollution prevention，which are either planned，tested，or already carried out to protect both existing spacecraft and ones set to be launched. Besides regulatory measures，several mitigating methods are also used to reduce the orbital overload.One such method involves causing a satellite to break down naturally by bringing it closer to Earth's surface so it burns up in the atmosphere.This method is considered cost-effective because the defunct satellite can be pushed toward the Earth's surface at a lower altitude using a physical tool like a net or an air-bursting tool.Another similar technology uses a harpoon that is fired in the direction of the targeted spacecraft to capture it and direct it towards Earth in an active manner，causing the debris to deorbit and plan atmospheric incineration. To reduce the long-term risk of collisions，the focus needs to be on reducing the amount of debris in the orbit.International cooperation and continued investment in debris reduction technologies are carried out to reduce the potentially disastrous consequences of an overcrowded orbit. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了太空活动产生的轨道碎片问题，以及如何通过各种方法和技术来减少和处理这些碎片。 5．What is the primary concern regarding orbital debris? A．Its impact on weather patterns. B．Its impact on future space missions. C．Its impact on satellite communication. D．Its impact on natural atmospheric processes. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Every launch of satellites...but also future endeavors.”可知，轨道碎片的主要问题是对未来太空任务的影响，因此增加的风险影响不仅是当前的太空任务，还包括未来的努力。故选B。 6．What does the underlined word “mitigating” in Paragraph 6 most probably mean? A．Lessening. B．Worsening. C．Curing. D．Strengthening. 答案：A 解析：词义猜测题。根据第六段中的“mitigating”以及上下文语境可知，文章提到的“mitigating”指的是减少轨道碎片问题的一些方法，如使卫星解体或使用鱼叉捕捉卫星并引导其烧毁。因此，“mitigating”的意思是“减轻”。故选A。 7．What are some regulatory and mitigation measures to address space debris? A．Frequent satellite launches. B．More space tourism for tax. C．Active debris removal technologies. D．More space telescopes for monitoring. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段“governments have issued...or already carried out”可知，政府已出台包括主动清除碎片技术在内的监管措施来处理太空碎片。故选C。 8．What can we learn from this passage? A．There are no existing methods to reduce space debris. B．Reducing space debris calls for joint and further efforts. C．The Kessler syndrome is a minor concern for space missions. D．Active debris removal (ADR) technologies are the only solution to space debris. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可推知，减少太空碎片的工作需要国际间的合作以及持续投资于碎片减少技术，目的是减少轨道过度拥挤的潜在灾难性后果。故选B。 Ⅱ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) (2025·河北省邢台市高一期末) Space exploration demands the most creative minds and has long been a proof of our thirst for knowledge.It is a journey full of challenges，yet driven by the dream of uncovering the universe's 1. (secret). Space exploration is about figuring 2. the mysteries that lie light-years away，in 3. hope of expanding the frontiers of human understanding.The development of such technologies often contributes to innovations(创新)4.______ benefit everyday life. Space agencies around the globe 5. (launch) many missions so far，with the aim of understanding the origins of stars and seeking out the potential for life beyond Earth.These missions，while awe-inspiring，are not without 6. (they) share of failure.The disappointment of a failed launch or a lost signal can be 7. (deep) felt by the teams who pour their hearts and minds into these projects. However，it is in the face of such disappointment that the 8. (determine) of the scientific community truly shines.These persistent individuals continue to push the boundaries and learn from past experiences.Each failure is an opportunity 9. ______ (improve)，and each new launch represents a fresh start. As a result of these efforts，humanity has achieved remarkable achievements.Each achievement shows everything is possible when the 10. (intelligence) people combine a strong will and the hope of turning dreams into reality. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了太空探索的重要性、挑战性以及人类在太空探索中所取得的成就。 1．答案：secrets 解析：考查名词的数。此处表示泛指的“宇宙的秘密”，应该使用secret的复数形式，故填secrets。 2．答案：out 解析：考查固定短语。figure out为固定短语，意为“弄清楚，弄明白”，故填out。 3．答案：the 解析：考查冠词。此处应该使用定冠词the，be in the hope of为固定短语，表示“希望”，故填the。 4．答案：that/which 解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构，空格处引导的是一个定语从句，修饰先行词innovations，且关系词在从句中作主语，故填that/which。 5．答案：have launched 解析：考查时态。根据时间状语so far可知，此处应该使用现在完成时，主语Space agencies around the globe为复数，故填have launched。 6．答案：their 解析：考查代词。空白处在句子中作定语，应该使用they的形容词性物主代词their，表示“它们的”，故填their。 7．答案：deeply 解析：考查副词。根据语境，此处应该使用deep的副词形式deeply，修饰动词felt，表示“深切地”，故填deeply。 8．答案：determination 解析：考查名词。空白处在从句中作主语，应该使用determine的名词形式determination，表示“决心”，该词表示“决心”含义的时候为不可数名词，使用单数形式，故填determination。 9．答案：to improve 解析：考查不定式。空白处在句子中作后置定语且表示一个指向将来的不确定的动作，应该使用improve的不定式形式to improve，故填to improve。 10．答案：intelligent 解析：考查形容词。空白处在句子中作定语，使用形容词，故填intelligent。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $