课时测评14 Reading and Thinking-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义配套练习（人教版）

课时测评14　Reading and Thinking (时间：45分钟　满分：57.5分) [基础语境练] Ⅰ.根据汉语意思或首字母提示填入单词的适当形式(每小题1分，共8分) 1．Police insisted that Michael did not follow the correct procedure(程序；步骤)in applying for a visa. 2．The trainees practiced emergency procedures in the flight module(舱). 3．I want to be an astronaut(宇航员)，traveling to the moon in a spacecraft. 4．The satellite(人造卫星)enables us to calculate their precise location anywhere in the world. 5．With no gravity (重力)，it's just as easy to pedal. 6．The driver managed to escape from the vehicle(车辆)and shouted for help. 7．Poor housing and family stress can affect both physical and mental health. 8．She signal(l)ed a passing taxi and asked him to take her to the railway station. Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空(每小题1分，共5分) 1．Her intelligence (intelligent) was evident from an early age，solving complex puzzles that even adults found challenging. 2．The scientist spoke about the universal (universe) laws of physics，which apply everywhere in the universe. 3．His determination (determine) was evident in his eyes，promising himself to win the championship despite the challenges. 4．She felt deeply disappointed (disappoint) when the summer camp was canceled，but she found other ways to enjoy her vacation. 5．The young eagle struggled at first，but it quickly became independent (independence)，learning to fly on its own. Ⅲ.完成句子(每小题3分，共12分) 1．不但他而且我都得为此负责。(not only...but also...) Not only he but also I am responsible for it. 2．他的母亲希望他出国。(desire that...) His mother desires that he(should)go abroad． 3．要做的第二件事是我们应该与其他人和睦相处。(动词不定式短语作定语) The second thing to do is that we should get along well with others. 4．我们早早来到报告厅，以便能坐在前排座位。(so as to...) We arrived early at the lecture hall so as to sit in the front seats． [素能提升练] Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2025·陕西省铜川市高一期末) By 2035，NASA wants to land humans on Mars.But reaching the red planet，on average around 140 million miles away，will be difficult.Colder than Antarctica and with little to no oxygen，Mars is an unfriendly environment.Besides，the longer it takes astronauts to get there and the longer they stay，the more they are at risk. That's why scientists are looking at ways to reduce trip time.Seattle-based company Ultra Safe Nuclear Technologies (USNC-Tech) has offered a solution: an NTP engine that could get humans from Earth to Mars in just three months.Such an engine takes advantage of nuclear technology.Currently，the shortest possible trip for an unmanned spacecraft is seven months，but a manned mission is expected to take at least nine months.Shorter missions would limit the astronaut's exposure to space radiation，but there is still concern about the radiation sent out from the nuclear reactor inside the spacecraft.This would be mitigated through the rocket's design. To protect people on the ground，the NTP spacecraft would not lift off directly from Earth，Jeff Sheehy，a NASA scientist，adds.Instead，a regular chemical rocket would carry it into orbit，and only then would it fire up its nuclear reactor.Once in orbit，it could do little harm，as heat radiation cannot move through a vacuum (真空).If disaster hit and the rocket's reactor broke up，the pieces would not land on Earth—or any other planet — for thousands of years.By that time，the radioactive substance would have “naturally got to the point where it wasn't dangerous anymore”． Michael Eades，director of engineering at USNC-Tech，says that nuclear-powered rockets would be more powerful and twice as efficient as the chemical engines used today，meaning they could travel further and faster，while burning less fuel.“Nuclear-powered rockets will be key to opening up the solar system but it could be at least two decades before they are used widely，” he says，adding that numerous demonstrations and tests would need to be carried out before an astronaut is sent to Mars in an NTP rocket. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，讨论了NASA计划在2035年将人类送上火星的挑战，以及Ultra Safe Nuclear Technologies (USNC-Tech)公司提出的利用核热推进(NTP)引擎来缩短地球到火星的旅行时间。 1．What does the underlined word “mitigated” in Paragraph 2 mean ? A．Shortened. B．Relieved. C．Achieved. D．Simplified. 答案：B 解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“Shorter missions...through the rocket's design.”可知，缩短任务时间会减少宇航员暴露在太空辐射中的时间，但依然有人担心航天器内核反应堆的辐射。后文提到这种辐射问题将通过火箭的设计来缓解，由此可推测“mitigated”意思是“减轻，缓和”。选项B“relieved”与“mitigated”意思相近，故选B项。 2．Why is the NTP spacecraft safe according to the text? A．It barely spreads radiation in orbit. B．Its radioactive substance will disappear soon. C．Its broken reactor will be left on Mars. D．It doesn't give out unclear radiation in space. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Once in orbit，it could do little harm，as heat radiation cannot move through a vacuum.”可知，NTP航天器一旦进入轨道，它几乎不会传播辐射，所以它是安全的。故选A项。 3．What do Michael Eades' words indicate about the NTP spacecraft? A．It will fly to Mars without astronauts for tests. B．It has been widely used for NASA． C．It will be a breakthrough in space exploration. D．It carries more fuel than a regular one. 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Nuclear-powered rockets will be key to opening up the solar system but it could be at least two decades before they are used widely”可知，迈克尔·伊德斯认为核动力火箭将是打开太阳系的关键，但至少需要20年才能广泛使用。由此可推知，核动力火箭将是未来太空探索的一个重大突破。故选C项。 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Deep solar Exploration Is Possible B．NASA Finds the Only Way for Man to Mars C．New Rocket Makes the Trip to Mars More Convenient　 D．New Rocket Could Get Astronauts to Mars Faster 答案：D 解析：标题归纳题。本文主要讲的是核技术可以使载人航天器更快地到达火星，D项适合作本文的标题。故选D项。 B (2025·陕西省咸阳市高一期末) For any astronaut hoping to survive on the surface of the moon，growing crops will be important.Now，scientists have taken “one small step” towards growing plants on the lunar surface，after showing it's possible to grow thale cress (阿拉伯芥)，a small flowering plant，in the lunar soil. The findings raise hopes that plants could be grown on the moon during future space missions，and even enable mankind to set up a lunar settlement.“For future，longer space missions，we may use the moon as a launching platform，” explained Professor Rob Ferl.“It makes sense that we would want to use the soil that's already there to grow plants.” Until now，scientists have not grown plants in the soil.“So，what happens when you grow plants in the lunar soil? What would plants do in a lunar greenhouse? Could we have lunar farmers？” Professor Ferl questioned. To answer these questions，researchers from Florida set out to plant thale cress seeds in the lunar soil，add water，nutrients and light，and see what happened.The researchers chose to use thale cress because its genetic code has already been fully mapped.For comparison，the researchers also planted seeds in a range of soils，including those that are similar to the Martian soil.To their delight，the researchers found that nearly all of the seeds grew.However，they did observe differences between the plants grown in the lunar soil and those grown in the control soils.Some of the plants grown in the lunar soil were smaller，while others grew more slowly or were more varied in size. “Growing plants in the lunar soil may also change the moon itself，” according to Dr.Stephen Elardo.“The moon is a very，very dry place，” he said.How will minerals in the lunar soil respond to having a plant grown in them，with the added water and nutrients? Will adding water make the minerals friendlier to plants? The researchers hope to answer these questions in follow-up studies. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，即在月球土壤中种植植物是可能的，这一发现为未来在月球上种植作物提供了希望，也为人类在月球上建立定居点提供了可能。 5．What's the second paragraph mainly about? A．The plants grown in the lunar soil. B．The significance of the findings. C．The missions of future space exploration. D．The hope for setting up a lunar settlement. 答案：B 解析：段落大意题。根据第二段第一句“The findings raise hopes...set up a lunar settlement.”可知，第二段主要讲的是这一发现的意义，特别是它对未来太空任务的影响。故选B。 6．Why did researchers use thale cress in the experiment? A．It has a long evolutionary history. B．Its genes are suitable for the lunar soil. C．People have a good knowledge of its genes. D．It has been tested with the lunar soil before. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，研究人员选择阿拉伯芥进行实验，因为它的基因已经被完全绘制出来。故选C。 7．What did researchers find about the plants grown in the lunar soil? A．They didn't grow well enough. B．They grew slowly in the dark. C．They absorbed few minerals. D．They needed more water to grow bigger. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，研究人员发现月球土壤中的植物生长得不如预期，甚至有些植物生长缓慢或大小不一。故选A。 8．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Growing plants in the lunar soil doesn't need any water. B．The lunar soil is actually not suitable for growing plants. C．Growing plants in the lunar soil is as easy as that in normal soil. D．There are still problems on growing plants in the lunar soil to be solved. 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Will adding water...in follow-up studies.”可推知，月球土壤中种植植物还存在许多问题，特别是矿物质的反应和水分的影响，研究人员计划在后续研究中进一步解决这些问题。故选D。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五(每小题2.5分，共12.5分) (2025·北京朝阳高一期末) Future astronauts could potentially rely on food made from bacteria (细菌) that feed on minor planets，to produce a kind of yogurt.While astronauts on the International Space Station have experimented with growing salad leaves，the vast majority of food consumed in space is transported from Earth. 1 That's why Joshua Pearce at Western University in Ontario，Canada，decided to try using bacteria to change carbon-containing (含碳的) material from minor planets into eatable food. This process has not been carried out yet on real minor planets.But Pearce's team has performed similar experiments using bacteria to break down plastic from leftover in army food supply bags. 2 The collective bacteria end up looking something like a brown milkshake and the team has also experimented with drying out this material to produce something like yogurt or even a powder. 3 “We did a nutritional (营养的) research and it turned out to be almost a perfect food，” he says.“It turned out that the bacteria mixture that we were using，more or less，has a third each for the three major nutrients people need.” If the idea is sound，a 500-metre-wide minor planet similar to Bennu，which NASA visited in 2020，could feed between 600 and 17，000 astronauts for a year，says Pearce. 4 A fully working minor planets food project would require an “industrial-sized smart machine” in space.This would take a long time to get everything in place. 5 They plan to start off with coal and then move to space rocks that have fallen to Earth. A．It would be impossible for more distant，longer-lasting tasks. B．So the researchers hope to test the idea on a lower level in the coming year. C．Future astronauts could soon enjoy a nutritionally perfect diet made from bacteria. D．While that might not sound delicious，Pearce says the bacteria are well-suited for human needs. E．They heated the plastic without oxygen and then fed this to a mixture of bacteria that eat carbon. F．Although there is certainly hope，it is still a very futuristic idea that needs to be thought through. G．The exact number depends on how effectively the bacteria can break down the minor planet's carbon materials. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了一种未来宇航员可能在太空中获取食物的新方法：利用细菌将小行星中的含碳物质转化为可食用的食物，类似于酸奶或粉末。如果成功，这种方法可以在小行星上大规模生产食物，为未来的太空探索提供支持。 1．答案：A 解析：根据空前和空后可知，太空使用的大部分食物来自地球，因此更加遥远且持久的任务是不可能的，因为食物无法供应，因此推断A项“这对于更远距离、更长时间的任务来说是不可能的。”符合语境，并且引出下文的解决办法——尝试使用细菌将小行星中的含碳物质转化为可食用的食物，故选A。 2．答案：E 解析：根据前文和后文可知，本段讲述实验过程，因此E项“他们在没有氧气的情况下加热塑料，然后将其喂给一种以碳为食的细菌混合物。”符合语境，承上启下。故选E。 3．答案：D 解析：根据后文可知，此处是一位研究人员介绍的研究结果，结合前文应是Joshua Pearce说的话，因此推断D项“虽然这听起来可能不太美味，但皮尔斯表示，这些细菌非常适合人类的需求。”符合语境，承接前一段，介绍实验的食物。故选D。 4．答案：G 解析：根据前文可知，实验成功后可以在一个500米宽的小行星，每年可以为600到17 000名宇航员提供食物，因此推断G项“具体数字取决于细菌分解小行星碳物质的效率。”符合语境，与前文语境相符。故选G。 5．答案：B 解析：根据前文和后文可知，在太空运行的“工业级智能机器”需要很长时间才能安排妥当，研究人员计划从煤炭开始研究，因此推断B项“因此，研究人员希望在来年在较低水平上测试这个想法。”符合语境，前后文是因果关系，故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $