Unit 4 Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structure-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（人教版）

该高中英语讲义以“动词不定式作定语和状语”为核心，通过“语法串烧短文+表格对比”构建知识体系，将动词不定式的构成、功能分类（定语和状语）及细分用法（如定语的主谓/动宾/修饰关系，状语的目的/结果/原因功能）按逻辑层次梳理，用实例标注重难点，呈现清晰知识脉络。 讲义亮点在于“巧学活用”练习设计，融合高考真题（如2024新课标Ⅰ卷“to give”、2023全国甲卷“to teach”），通过单句语法填空、同义句转换等题型培养语言运用能力，核心词汇部分结合教材原句与佳句拓展，助力学习能力提升。基础练习夯实语法基础，真题实例适配拔高需求，为教师分层教学和学生自主复习提供精准支持。

Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structure ——动词不定式作定语和状语 阅读以下短文，感知加黑部分，并完成下面的练习 语法串烧 我的发现 　　I am looking for a sports watch ①to help me keep track of my fitness and chart my training progress.I learned from an advertisement that whether I am a professional athlete or keen sportsperson，DX Sports Watch is the ideal choice for me.It has a digital display ②to record my steps，speed and distance，as well as monitor the heart rate and calories burnt.It also has a voice control setting ③to enable me to stay hands-free，while its waterproof band is fully adjustable ④to be comfortable to wear.So I hurried to the supermarket ⑤to buy one，⑥only to be told that the DX Sports Watch is only available online now. 　　以上黑体部分均是动词不定式，其构成是to＋动词原形，即to do，否定式是not to do；动词不定式可以在句中作定语，如①，②和③，也可以在句中作状语，如④，⑤和⑥，其中⑥only to do作状语表示意料之外的结果。 NO.1　动词不定式作定语 1．动词不定式作定语常表示将来的动作。 The question to be discussed at the meeting is very important. 将在会议上讨论的那个问题非常重要。 The airport to be completed next year will help promote tourism in this area. 明年将要完工的机场将有助于促进这一地区的旅游业。 学生用书第100页 2．动词不定式(短语)作定语一般情况下会置于所修饰词的后面，并且与被修饰的词之间构成一定的逻辑关系。 (1)主谓关系 被修饰词是动词不定式动作的发出者。此时被修饰词通常由only，very，next，last，序数词或者形容词的最高级修饰。 China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. 中国成为首个将航天器降落到月球背面的国家。 (2)动宾关系 被修饰词是动词不定式动作的承受者。此时需要注意，如果动词不定式中的动词是不及物动词，其后应接必要的介词。 The teacher left us a lot of problems to solve. 老师给我们留了许多问题要解决。 He can find no one to make friends with. 他找不到可以交朋友的人。 Mr Brown has something important to deal with at present. 目前布朗先生有重要的事情要处理。 [温馨提示]　动词不定式与所修饰词之间是动宾关系时，若句中有其逻辑主语或者是说话人做该动作时，用主动形式表示被动意义；若句中没有其逻辑主语或说话人不做该动作，则用被动形式。 I have a letter to write. 我有一封信要写。(“我”写) The old lady has a letter to be written. 老妇人有一封信要写。(让“别人”帮忙写) (3)修饰关系 动词不定式对所修饰的词起到补充说明的作用。这些被修饰词一般为：ability，ambition，attempt，chance，courage，time，decision，effort，failure，offer，promise，right，way，wish，reason等。 Now it is time to begin our class. 现在是上课的时间了。 Is that the way to open the can? 那是打开罐头的方法吗？ The voluntary service gives you a chance to change lives，including your own. 志愿服务给你一个改变生活的机会，包括(改变)你自己的生活。 You should grasp the ability to solve the complex problems. 你应该掌握解决复杂问题的能力。 ◎巧学活用1——单句语法填空 ①(2022·全国甲卷)A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked(徒步)40 days to Xi'an，as a first step to journey(journey)the Belt and Road route(路线)by foot. ②Our tour also includes a chance to walk(walk)in the footsteps of Van Gogh and Gauguin. ③A housewarming party is a special party to be held(hold)when someone buys or moves into a new apartment or house. ④He has no pen to write with． ⑤You might think that with all these dangerous animals，Australia is an unsafe place to live in or visit. ⑥Do you have anything to do(do)tonight? ⑦The best way to improve(improve)your English is to join an English club. 学生用书第101页 NO.2　动词不定式作状语 1．作目的状语 动词不定式(短语)作目的状语，主要用来修饰动词，表示某一动作或状态的目的。 (1)to do...为了做…… 这种形式可置于句首(起强调作用，有逗号与句子隔开)或句尾(通常不用逗号隔开)。在句首时常意为“为了……”；在句尾时常意为“以便……，目的是……”。 To help us prepare for the exam，the teacher suggested reading through our notes. 为了帮助我们准备考试，老师建议通读我们的笔记。 We work hard to be admitted to a key university. 我们努力学习，目的是考上重点大学。 [温馨提示]　动词不定式(短语)表示的是主语的目的，因此其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。 为了画好地图，你需要一支特殊的钢笔。 [误]To draw maps properly，a special pen is needed. [正]To draw maps properly，you need a special pen. (2)in order to do...为了做…… 这种形式更能突出目的性，既可以置于句首又可以置于句尾。 In order to lose weight，he takes exercise like crazy. ＝He takes exercise like crazy in order to lose weight.为了减肥，他拼命锻炼。 (3)so as to do...为了做…… 这种形式与in order to do...一样突出目的性，但so as to do...不能置于句首。 He closed the window so as to keep warm. 为了保暖他关上了窗户。 [温馨提示]　动词不定式的否定式均是在to前加not。 We had better hurry up in order/so as not to be late for class. 为了上课不迟到，我们最好快点。 (4)动词不定式的复合结构作目的状语 当动词不定式(短语)有自己的执行者时，需用动词不定式的复合结构for sb to do作状语。 He opened the door for the children to come in. 他打开门以便孩子们进来。 (5)目的状语从句与动词不定式的转换 动词不定式(短语)作目的状语可以与目的状语从句相互转换。 ·当目的状语从句中的主语与主句中的主语相同时，可以直接简化为动词不定式(短语)作状语。 We dressed up in order that/so that we could start early. ＝We dressed up in order to/so as to start early. 我们穿戴整齐以便早点动身。 ·当目的状语从句中的主语与主句中的主语不相同时，要用动词不定式的复合结构作状语。 I came early in order that you might read my report before the meeting. ＝I came early for you to read my report before the meeting. 我早点来是为了你在会前可以看我的报告。 ◎巧学活用2 (1)单句语法填空 ①(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)These sepals open on warm days to give (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. ②(2023·全国甲卷)For thousands of years，people have told fables (寓言) to teach (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. ③(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside.He pushed 学生用书第102页 a chair onto the balcony，and climbed up to see(see)them. ④(2021·浙江6月卷)Mary's sister，Frances Todd Wallace，often came over to plant　(plant)flowers in the front yard. (2)同义句转换 ⑤We stayed in Beijing so that/in order that we could visit the Bird's Nest. →We stayed in Beijing so as to/in order to visit the Bird's Nest. ⑥We will do everything in order that/so that they can live happily. →We will do everything for them to live happily． ⑦We'll hold a meeting for you to know the programme. →We'll hold a meeting in order that you can know the programme. 2．作结果状语 动词不定式(短语)作结果状语常用于以下结构： (1)so/such...as to do sth太……以至于做某事 Would you please be so kind as to help me? 您能好心帮帮我吗？ He is such a fool as to believe them. 他如此傻以至于相信他们。 (2)表示出乎意料的结果，常与only，never 等连用。 He went to school early only to find nobody was there. 他早早地去了学校，结果发现学校里没人。 She went abroad never to return. 她出国了，再也没回来。 (3)too...to...太……以至于不能…… The box is too small to hold all these things. 这个箱子太小以至于装不下这些东西。 (4)...enough to do sth足够……做某事 The girl was lucky enough to get a train ticket. 这个女孩足够幸运地抢到了一张火车票。 [温馨提示]　动词不定式作结果状语常表示令人意外的结果。 Tom took a taxi to the airport，only to find his plane high up in the sky. 汤姆乘出租车去了机场，结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。 ◎巧学活用3——补全句子 ①He hurried to the railway station only to find the train had left(结果发现火车开走了). ②He is old enough to join the army(到了参军的年龄了). ③The girl is so kind as to help the old man(很善良帮助了那位老人). 3．作原因状语 (1)常用于“主语(人)＋系动词＋形容词/过去分词＋to do”结构中。 形容词或过去分词作表语时，后可接动词不定式作原因状语，用以说明产生这种情绪的原因或所表示的情况，常用于这类结构中的形容词和过去分词有：sorry，surprised，astonished，disappointed，excited，glad，happy，anxious，delighted，pleased，foolish等。 We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition. 令我们吃惊的是，这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。 (2)常用于“主语(物)＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中。 这类形容词有：easy，difficult，hard，cheap，expensive，fit，comfortable，heavy，good，important，impossible，dangerous等，表示主语的特征或性质，动词不定式和句子主语之间存在动宾关系，但常用主动形式表示被动意义。 学生用书第103页 The morning air is so good to breathe that he gets up early every day. 早上的空气呼吸起来很清新，因此他每天都起得很早。 ◎巧学活用4——单句语法填空 ①The old man sits in front of the television every evening，happy to watch(watch)　anything that happened to be on. ②Tom was very happy to be elected(elect)monitor of the class. 核心词汇练全 lack n．缺乏；短缺vt.没有；缺乏 (教材原句)Astronauts' bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity... 由于缺乏重力，宇航员的骨骼和肌肉在太空中会变得非常脆弱…… (1)(a)lack of　　　 没有，缺乏；不足，不够 for lack of... 因缺乏/缺少/没有…… (2)lacking adj. 缺少的，不足的 be lacking in sth 在……方面缺乏　　 佳句 The girl used to be lacking in confidence and it was her teacher's encouragement that made her more confident.(读后续写之人物描写)　这个女孩过去曾经缺乏自信，是她的老师的鼓励让她更加自信了。 语段填空/单句语法填空/应用文写作之佳句 ①The charges were dropped for lack of (缺少) evidence. ②He is a father who seems to be lacking(lack)in responsibility since he is so selfish. ③努力工作常常可以弥补能力的不足。 Hard work can often make up for a lack of ability. beyond prep.在更远处；超出 (教材原句)Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal to achieve. 把人类送到其他行星甚至太阳系以外的地方不是一个容易实现的目标。 beyond belief　　 难以置信 beyond control＝out of control 不受约束，不受控制 beyond description 无法描述 beyond one's power 超出某人的能力范围 beyond one's reach＝out of one's reach 够不着，超出某人的能力范围　　 佳句 The beauty of the scenery is beyond description.(读后续写之环境描写)风景之美难以形容。 单句语法填空/读后续写之人物描写 ①What had happened was beyond belief(believe). ②The town center had changed beyond recognition(recognise). ③Despite his efforts to help，the situation was beyond his power (powerful). ④去太空旅行的梦想似乎遥不可及，但她对天文学仍然充满热情。 The dream of traveling to space felt beyond/ out of her reach，but she remained passionate about astronomy. 学生用书第104页 figure out弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白 (教材原句)Will scientists figure out a way to store sufficient food and water for the long journey? 科学家们能找到一种储存足够的食物和水以备长途旅行之用的方法吗？ find out　　 找出，查明；发现，揭发 work out 解决；算出；实现；制定出；弄懂；锻炼　　 佳句 Whenever I ran into some challenges，it was my headteacher who assisted me to figure out how to overcome them.(人物介绍)每当我遇到一些挑战时，是我的班主任帮助我弄清楚如何克服它们。 用out的相关短语填空/读后续写之动作描写 ①The medical students have to figure out how to treat the patients. ②I work out at a gym or swim twice a week. ③We found out later that we had been at the same school. ④最后我听到有人叫我的名字。声音从远处传来，但我能辨别出来那是我哥哥。 At last I heard my own name called.The voice came from distance，but I could figure out it was my brother． 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $