Unit 2 Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structure-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（人教版）

本讲义聚焦动词-ing形式作宾语补足语和状语这一核心语法点，通过"语法串烧"短文引导学生感知用法，系统梳理宾补（含感官动词、使役动词及with复合结构）和状语（时间、原因等七类功能及时态、语态注意事项）的具体规则，配套巧学活用练习与核心词汇拓展，构建从感知到应用的学习支架。 该资料以真实语境短文导入，结合高考真题实例（如2023全国甲卷语法填空）提升语言能力，通过对比宾补与不定式、状语与从句的差异培养思维品质，分层练习与词汇应用设计助力学习能力发展。课中便于教师结合实例讲解，课后学生可通过练习巩固语法规则、查漏补缺核心词汇。

Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structure ——动词-ing形式作宾语补足语和状语 阅读以下短文，感知加黑部分，并完成下面的练习 语法串烧 我的发现 　　On our way home，we saw a big branch lying on the road①.Considering it might cause some trouble②，we decided to move it away.With some passers-by helping us③，we managed to remove it from the road.Seeing what we had done④，many people applauded warmly for us，saying that⑤ we really did a good deed and were good teenagers. 　　文中的黑体部分都是动词-ing形式，其中①③在句中作宾语补足语，②④⑤在句中作状语。 NO.1　动词-ing形式作宾语补足语 1．动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时，宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是主谓关系。 Suddenly we heard someone knocking gently on the window. 忽然我们听见有人在轻轻地敲窗户。 2．能用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词： (1)表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词，常见的有see， hear，feel，smell，find，notice，observe，look at，listen to等。 I felt somebody standing behind me. 我觉得有人站在我后面。 Listening to music at home is one thing；going to hear it being performed live is quite another. 在家里听音乐是一回事，去现场听又是另一回事。 On the bank of the river，we found him sitting on a bench，with his eyes fixed on a kite in the sky. 在河岸上，我们发现他坐在长凳上，眼睛盯着天上的风筝。 [温馨提示]　在see，hear，feel，watch 等感官动词后，既可用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语，也可用省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。用动词-ing形式时，表示动作正在进行；用省略to的动词不定式时，表示动作经过从开始到结束的全过程。 I saw a boy getting on the bus.(表示动作正在进行) 我看见一个男孩正在上公共汽车。 I saw a boy get on the bus.(表示动作完成了) 我看见一个男孩上了公共汽车。 (2)表示指使意义的使役动词，常见的有have，keep，get，catch，leave等。 We kept the fire burning all night long. 我们让火整夜燃烧着。 I won't have you running about in the room. 我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。 (3)用于with复合结构中。 With spring coming，trees turn green. 春天到了，树变绿了。 学生用书第45页 ◎巧学活用1——同义句转换 ①As time passes by，we will have a better and better life. →With time passing by，we will have a better and better life. ②I saw that they were coming across the street. →I saw them coming across the street. ③I stood on the bridge and watched boats were passing by. →I stood on the bridge and watched boats passing by． ④I felt that someone was patting me on the shoulder. →I felt someone patting me on the shoulder. ⑤I heard that Mary sang a song in the next room last night. →I heard Mary sing a song in the next room last night. NO.2　动词-ing形式作状语 1．动词-ing形式可以作状语，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。动词-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随状语时常位于句末。动词-ing形式作状语时，与句子主语是主谓关系。 (1)表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。 Having made full preparations，we are ready for the examination. ＝After we have made full preparations，we are ready for the examination. 我们已经做好充分的准备，现在可以应考了。 (2)表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。 Being ill，he didn't go to school yesterday. ＝Since he was ill，he didn't go to school yesterday. 由于生病，他昨天没去上学。 (3)表示结果，相当于一个并列谓语。 His parents died，leaving him an orphan. ＝His parents died and left him an orphan. 他的父母去世了，留下他成了孤儿。 [温馨提示]　动词-ing形式和动词不定式作结果状语的区别： a．动词-ing形式作结果状语表示自然而然的结果，有时可加thus表强调； b．动词不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果，其前常加only表强调。 Newly-built wooden cottages line the street，turning the old town into a dreamland. 新建的小木屋排列在街道两边，使这个古镇变成了梦境之地。 The reporter hurried to the airport，only to be told the film stars had left. 那个记者急匆匆地赶到机场，却被告知电影明星们已经离开了。 (4)表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。 Working hard at your lessons，you will succeed. ＝If you work hard at your lessons，you will succeed. 如果你努力学习，就一定能成功。 (5)表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。 Knowing all this，they made me pay for the damage. ＝Although they knew all this，they made me pay for the damage. 尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。 (6)表示方式或伴随情况，相当于一个并列结构。 He lay on the grass，staring at the sky for a long time. ＝He lay on the grass and stared at the sky for a long time. 他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。 学生用书第46页 (7)作评注性状语 有些动词-ing形式在句中没有逻辑主语，它们往往作为句子的评注性状语来修饰整个句子，表明说话者的态度、观点等。如：generally speaking“一般来说”，judging by/from...“从……判断”，taking everything into consideration “从全盘考虑”。 Judging from his behaviour，he must be mad. 从他的行为来判断，他一定是疯了。 ◎巧学活用2 (1)单句语法填空 ①(2023·全国甲卷) “There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins，borrowing (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. ②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Covering(cover)an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park，the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. ③(2022·全国甲卷)He flew 4，700 kilometers from Xi'an to Kashgar on Sept.20，planning(plan)to hike back to Xi'an in five months. (2)同义句转换 ④It rained heavily and it caused great damage. →It rained heavily，causing great damage． ⑤The boy sat in front of the farm house，and cut the branches. →The boy sat in front of the farm house，cutting the branches． ⑥As he was ill，he couldn't attend the meeting. →Being ill，he couldn't attend the meeting. ⑦John watched curiously，and thought that the woman seemed a little crazy. →John watched curiously，thinking that the woman seemed a little crazy． ⑧When she turned around，she saw a car driving up. →Turning around，she saw a car driving up. 2．作状语时的注意事项 (1)动词-ing形式的时态 动词-ing形式作状语时，要注意其时间性，是用一般式(doing)，还是用完成式(having done)。当动词-ing形式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，用一般式；当动词-ing形式的动作先发生，而谓语动词的动作后发生时，用完成式。 Walking in the street，I met an old friend of mine. 我正在大街上行走时，遇到了一位老朋友。(Walking和谓语动词met同时发生) Having finished the letter，he went to post it. 他写完信后就把它寄了出去。(Having finished是先发生的，went是后发生的) (2)动词-ing形式的语态 使用动词-ing形式的主动式还是被动式，这主要取决于动词-ing形式和句子主语之间的关系。 Having been shown around the factory，they were very happy. 被带领着参观了工厂后，他们很高兴。(动词-ing形式的被动式) Having finished his homework，he went to bed. 完成了作业后，他上床睡觉了。(动词-ing形式的主动式) (3)动词-ing形式的否定式 动词-ing形式的否定式为：not＋动词-ing形式；not＋having＋动词-ed形式 Not knowing this，he didn't come. 他不知道这件事，所以没有来。 Not having made full preparations，we put off the sports meeting. 因为没有做好充分的准备，我们把运动会延期了。 学生用书第47页 3．独立主格结构 如果作状语的动词-ing形式的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致，分词就要带上自己的逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。 Class being over，the children went home. 一放学，孩子们就回家了。 All audience having taken their seats，the play began. 所有观众就座之后，戏剧开始了。 ◎巧学活用3 (1)单句语法填空 ①(2023·全国乙卷) Having visited (visit) several times over the last 10 years，I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new，and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. ②Winter coming(come)，it gets colder and colder. (2)同义句转换 ③After he had eaten his dinner，the boy rushed out. →Having eaten his dinner，the boy rushed out. ④As I did not know how to get there，I had to ask the way. →Not knowing how to get there，I had to ask the way. ⑤Because she had been bitten by a snake，she was frightened of it. →Having been bitten by a snake，she was frightened of it. 核心词汇练全 whisper vi.&vt.悄声说；耳语；低语n.耳语(声)；低语(声)；传言；谣传 (教材原句)I saw her whispering something into his ear，obviously not wanting to be heard. 我看见她对他耳语了几句，显然不想被人听见。 whisper (sth)to sb 与某人悄声说…… in a whisper 低声地；悄声地 　　 佳句 “I can't believe the twist in the plot！” exclaimed Sarah，following it with a whisper as she remembered they were in a theater.(读后续写之语言、心理描写)“我简直不敢相信剧情的这个转折！”Sarah叫道，然后突然意识到他们在剧院里，于是压低了声音。 单句语法填空/语段填空/读后续写之动作描写 ①He whispered to her so that no one else would hear. ②“What is it？” he asked in a whisper(悄声地). 学生用书第48页 ③检查了他的伤口后，医生在护士耳边低声说了些什么。 After examining his wound，the doctor whispered something in the nurse's ear. assist vt.帮助；援助(assistance n．帮助；援助assistant n．助手；助理) (教材原句)...Dr Bethune did whatever he could to assist the Chinese people. ……白求恩大夫尽其所能帮助中国人民。 assist sb in doing sth＝assist sb to do sth　 帮助某人做某事 assist sb with sth 帮助某人某事　　 佳句 In order to assist with the school play，many parents volunteered to create costumes and design the set.(读后续写之动作描写)为了帮助学校戏剧表演，许多家长自愿制作服装和设计舞台。 单句语法填空/一句多译 ①Despite his cries，no one came to his assistance(assist). ②我乐意帮助你学习普通话。 →I am willing to assist you with your Mandarin. →I am willing to assist you to learn your Mandarin. →I am willing to assist you in learning your Mandarin. pass away去世 (教材原句)Sadly，Dr Bethune passed away in November the following year and was buried in Shijiazhuang. 不幸的是，白求恩大夫第二年11月去世，葬在石家庄。 pass by　　　　 通过，经过(……旁边) pass down 流传，使世代相传 pass on (to sb) 转交给(某人)，传给(某人) pass out 失去知觉，昏迷 pass through 穿过；贯穿；经过 　　 佳句 He had no children of his own，and most of his relatives had passed away.(读后续写之人物描写) 他没有自己的孩子，并且他的大多数亲人已经去世了。 用pass的相关短语填空/读后续写之心理描写 ①During the school trip，as we passed by/through a forest，one of my classmates fainted and passed out，causing a wave of panic. ②It has been passed down through generations in our family，and soon，I'll pass it on to my son. ③当他去世时，所有的人都陷入了深深的悲痛之中。 When he passed away，all the people were in deep sorrow. in memory of作为对……的纪念 (教材原句)After Dr Bethune's death，Chairman Mao Zedong wrote an article in memory of him... 白求恩大夫死后，毛泽东主席写了一篇文章纪念他…… in honor of...　　 为了向……表示敬意；为了纪念…… in search of... 寻找…… in the face of... 面临…… in charge of... 掌管…… 　　 佳句 The class made a scrapbook in memory of their fun school trip，filling it with photos and notes about their adventures.(读后续写之动作描写)为了纪念他们有趣的学校旅行，班级制作了一个剪贴簿，里面装满了关于他们冒险的照片和笔记。 学生用书第49页 补全句子/读后续写之人物描写 ①A great many college graduates went to the big cities in search of(寻找)better jobs. ②He is in charge of(掌管)the company when his father is away. ③They held a meeting in memory of/in honor of (为了纪念) the famous musician. ④面对困难，他表现出了巨大的勇气。 He showed great courage in the face of difficulty． 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $