Unit 3 Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第二册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（人教版）
Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
——现在完成时的被动语态
阅读以下短文，感知加黑部分，并完成下面的练习
语法串烧 | 我的发现 |
Within the next 80 years，our lives may be changed beyond recognition by 3D printing.Many things in our lives ①have already been affected，right down to the food we eat.For instance，3D-printed hamburgers ②have been served to customers in some restaurants in London.But perhaps the most significant success that ③has been achieved to date is in medicine.Human body parts，including a beating heart，④have been made with 3D printing technology.And it is not just humans that are benefiting—in Brazil，a new 3D-printed shell ⑤has been given to a turtle injured in a forest fire. | 以上黑体部分是现在完成时的被动语态，其构成是have/has been done；黑体部分的动词与句子的主语之间是被动关系，表示“……已经被……”。 |
NO.1 概念
现在完成时表示过去所发生的动作或事情对现在的影响或产生的结果，着眼点在现在。若动作与主语之间构成动宾关系，则用现在完成时的被动语态。
NO.2 基本结构
肯定式 | 主语＋have/has been done... |
否定式 | 主语＋have/has not been done... |
一般疑问式 | Have/Has＋主语＋been done...？ |
特殊疑问式 | 特殊疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋been done...？ |
(2023·全国甲卷)Though DIY has traditionally been seen as a male hobby，the research shows it is women now leading the charge.
虽然DIY传统上被视为男性的爱好，但研究显示，现在是女性主导了这一潮流。
The construction of the bridge has not been finished.
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桥的建设还没有完成。
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Has the date for the next meeting been decided?
下次会议的日期已决定了吗？
How long has the battery not been changed?
电池多久没有更换了？
[巧学活用1]
The children have already been told the good news.
①将上面的句子变为否定句。
The children haven't been told the good news yet.
②将上面的句子变为一般疑问句。
Have the children been told the good news yet?
③对上面句子的the children进行提问。
Who has been told the good news yet?
NO.3 用法
1．表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响和结果，且这个动作与句子的主语有逻辑上的动宾关系。
I have been told the sports meeting will be put off.
我已被告知运动会将要被推迟。(结果：现在我已经知道运动会要被推迟)
All the preparations for the task have been done，and we're ready to start.
这项任务的一切准备都已就绪，我们准备好要开始了。(影响：我们现已具备开始的条件)
2．表示一个被动的动作或状态从过去开始，持续到现在，并且有可能继续持续下去。常与“for＋时间段”或“since＋时间点”等时间状语连用，此时，该被动语态的动词应使用延续性动词。
The machine has been repaired for two hours.
这台机器已被修了两小时了。(持续：两小时前开始修，现在可能已经修好，也可能没有修好，还要继续修)
She hasn't been heard from since then.
从那以后就没有她的消息了。(hear from是非持续动词短语，用在否定句中后可
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跟时间状语)
[温馨提示] 常与现在完成时连用的时间状语：
already已经yet 已经
recently/lately最近 since then 从那时起
ever since自那以来 ever 曾经
so far/up to now/till now/until now迄今为止
for a long time 很长一段时间
by now到现在为止 in recent years在最近几年里
in/during/over the past/last years在过去的几年里
3．在状语从句中，常用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。
I will go home when my homework has been finished.
当我的家庭作业已被完成时我就回家。(将来某时处于被完成的状态)
[巧学活用2]——用现在完成时的被动语态改写句子
①They have built many houses in the village in the past few years.
→Many houses have been built in the village in the past few years.
②We have planted many trees on the hill in the last 5 years.
→Many trees have been planted on the hill in the last 5 years.
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NO.4 注意事项
1．现在完成时的被动语态中have/has been不可漏掉。
The plan has been studied by the experts for three times.
这个计划已经由专家研究三次了。
The dirty clothes have been washed.
脏衣服已经被洗好了。
2．现在完成时的被动语态强调过去发生的事与现在有联系；而一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作只与过去有关，与现在没有关系。
The library has been built.
这座图书馆已经建好了。(图书馆可以用了)
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