Unit 2 SectionⅢ Learning About Language（教师版）-【创新教程】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册五维课堂同步复习（人教版）

世五维课堂 The World Heritage Committee added Liangzhu to the UNESCO list 10 (encourage)better pro- tection of the site,which is considered to be of"out- standing universal value"to humanity. [语篇解读]这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了联合国教 科文组织世界遗产委员会在阿塞拜疆的首都巴库举 行的第43届会议上宣布中国良渚古城遗址为世界遗 产，同时说明了良渚遗址的一些情况。 l.was declared[declare是谓语动词，与主语之间为 被动关系，且根据时间状语on Saturday可知，此处 为一般过去时，所以应用一般过去时的被动语态。 故填was declared。.] 2.which is located in Yuhang District in Hangzhou City..·为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行 词site,关系词在从句中作主语，故用关系代词 which。故填which。] 3.and[between..and..为固定短语，意为“在 …和…之间”。故填and。] 4.surrounding[句意为：良渚古城遗址于2007年被 发现，2009年以后，环绕良渚古城的大型水坝遗址 Section IⅢ Learn 要点。 [词汇精讲] 1.P16)the establishing of a new institution or organisation 新机构或组织的建立 establish vt.创立，设立；建立；证实，确定 ◆汇佳句感知] Our goal is to establish a new research centre in the North. 我们的目标是在北方建立一个新的研究中心。 Before we take any action we must establish the truth. 我们在采取任何行动之前必须弄清事实真相。 汇归纳拓展] establish contact/relations with... 与…建立联系/关系 establishment n.确立，建立 established adj.早已确立的；著名的 ◆[即学即练] [语法填空] ①He left his library and half of his estate(个人财 to the organisation,which were the biggest do- nation ever since its establishment (establish). 2The school has established a successful relation- ship with the local community. ·5 英语·选择性必修第四册 陆续出土。surround在此是非谓语动词，与其逻辑 主语dam sites之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形 式。故填surrounding。.] 5.officially[设空处修饰谓语was submitted,应用 副词，故填officially。] 6.recognition[此处作win的宾语，且表示“认可； 正式承认”，应用名词recognition。故填recogni- tion。 7.includes[include在此是主句谓语动词，与主句 主语是主动关系，且结合语境可知，此处描述客观 事实，应用一般现在时，主语为site,故谓语动词用 第三人称单数形式。故填includes。] 8.an[area为可数名词，此处表示泛指，应用不定冠 词，且area是发音以元音音素开头的单词。cover an area of指“占地面积”，故填an。] 9.earlier[根据空后的than previously thought可 知，此处应用比较级，故填earlier。] l0.to encourage[encourage在此是非谓语动词，且 作目的状语，应用不定式。故填to encourage。] ng about language 层层精析 对应学生讲义P37 [完成句子] 3 We would like to establish direct business rela- tionship with you. 我方希望与你方建立直接的商业关系。 2.(教材Pl6)Ethnic minority groups in China are often entitled to special funds from the govern- ment to help protect their cultural heritage. 中国的少数民族群体经常享有政府用来帮助保护 他们的文化遗产的专项资金。 entitle vt..使享有权利；使符合资格；给…命名（题名） ◆[佳句感知] You will be entitled to your pension when you reach 65. 你到65岁就有资格享受养老金。 Full-time employees are entitled to receive health in- surance. 全职雇员都有资格享受健康保险。 归纳拓展了 entitle sb.to sth.使某人享有…权利 be entitled to do sth.有资格做某事 ◆[即学即练] [语法填空] DHe is trying to recite a poem entitled (entitle) “Salt”. UNIT 2 ICONIC ATTRACTIONS [完成句子] ②在这个国家所有儿童都可以免费上学。 Every child in this country is entitled to free educa- tion at school. ③持这张票你可以免费听音乐会。 This ticket entitles you to a free seat at the concert. 3.(教材Pl6)Consisting of76 provinces that stretch all the way down to Malaysia in the south,the country has a lot to offer and is a great getaway. 这个国家由向南一直延伸至马来西亚的76个省组 成，有很多可供游客选择的地方，是一个很好的度 假胜地。 consist of由…组成（或构成） ◆[佳句感知] Their diet consists largely of vegetables. 他们的日常饮食以蔬菜为主。 As we grow up,we find life consists of the moments that we remember. 随着我们长大，我们发现生活是由我们记忆中的瞬间 组成的。 汇归纳拓展] consistency n.[U] 连贯性，一致性 派生词 consist in在于，存在于 consist vi. consist of..由…组 派生词 成，由…构成 consistent adj. be consistent with... 一致的；连续的 与…一致 be made up of 由…组成构成 be composed off ◆[即学即练] [语法填空] DThis village consists of three streets and their dec- orations are consistent (consist)with the main style of the town.Their consistency (consist)creates unique beauty. [完成句子] 2 The value of the teaching method consists in students'interest it arouses(在于它激发的学生 兴趣). 3An investigation group consisting of/made up of/ composed of five men and two women(由五男两女 组成)has been sent to look into the matter. 5 五维课堂型 4.P16)Unfortunately,elephants are endan- gered in Thailand,but special parks have been set up to protect their safety and freedom. 不幸的是，在泰国，大象有灭绝的危险，不过专门的 公园已经建立起来以保护它们的安全和自由。 set up vt..建立，设立，创建；设置；安排，策划 ◆汇佳句感知] The school has set up a special class to help poor readers. 学校专门办了一个班来帮助阅读能力差的人。 The police set up roadblocks on routes out of the city. 警察在城外设置了路障。 Give me a call on Friday to set up a time for the meeting,OK? 星期五给我打电话安排会议的时间，好吗？ 汇归纳拓展 set about(doing)sth.着手做某事 set off出发，动身，启程（为不及物短语动词 set sth.aide省出，留出（钱或 sLof使（炸弹等）爆炸：使警报)响起：使显 时间)：暂时不考虑 set 得更突出（咸更漂亮） set...back使推迟，耽误，使延误 etou出发，动身，启程（为不及物短语动词 et.dowm写下，记下，登记 怀着日标)开始工作，展开任务（后接动词不 定式 ◆[即学即练] [完成句子] ①The project set up in1989(建于1989年的那个项 resulted in farmers replacing their crops with trees or grass. ②I will set down that story(写下那个故事)as it is told to me. 3On arriving home,I set about preparing supper (我就着手准备晚餐). OIt was said that the harvest was set back by bad weather(因坏天气推迟了). 5After high school,Jennifer attended a local tech- nical college,working to pay her tuition(学费)，be cause there was no extra money set aside (for a college education. 5.(教材Pl7)Divided into32 counties,Ireland brings in hundreds of thousands of visitors each year due to its golf tourism. 爱尔兰被划分为32个郡，由于它的高尔夫旅游业， 爱尔兰每年吸引了成千上万的游客。 bring in吸引，引入；引进；提出 ◆[佳句感知] The unique beauty of the scenery here brings in thousands of tourists every year. 这儿独特的美景每年吸引成千上万的游客。 They have brought in some advanced equipment from abroad. 他们从国外引进了一些先进设备。 A new bill has been brought in to control house prices. 一项控制房价的新议案已经被提出来了。 世五维课堂 英语·选择性必修第四册 [归纳拓展了 ◆[佳句感知] bring forward提 The house I grew up in has been taken down and re- bring about引起，导致 议；将…提前 placed by an office building. 我小时候住的那所房子已经被拆除，取而代之的是一 bring back把…送 bring out使 座办公楼。 回，归还；使想起；恢复 bring 显现：出版 Please take down the books from the shelf. bring down降低，减少 请把书从书架上取下来。 bring up养育， At the scene of the accident,the policeman took 教养；提出；呕吐 down all the details. ◆[即学即练] 在事故现场，警察把所有细节都记录下来了。 [完成句子] 归纳拓展] DExperts from all over the country are brought in take off起飞， take out取出； (全国各地的专家受邀)to develop the new system. 突然成功 把…带出 2Born into a family with three brothers,David was brought up(被教导)to value the sense of sharing. take up 拿起；占用： take on承担； 3Recently,an old milk box I saw in the countryside take brought back my childhood to me(使我想起了我的 开始从事 呈现；雇用 童年). take over take in吸收； DNearly all educators believe that a challenging sit- 接管，接收 领会；欺骗 uation can often bring out the best in a person(- 个人表现出最好的一面). ◆[即学即练] 5The outstanding educational achievements of this [写出take down的意义] school have brought in large numbers of teachers to DThey plan to take down all these buildings and visit and learn(已吸引大量老师来访学习)： turn the land into a park. 拆除 6.(教材Pl7)Originally,the tower was planned 2I took down every word they said so I could re- view the conversation later. 记录，写下 to be taken down after 20 years,but it proved to [完成句子] be too useful as a communications tower,not to ③You'd better take down all the key points(记下所 mention a giant advertisement board,before fi- 有的要点)while the memory is still fresh in your nally becoming the iconic attraction that we all mind. know today. ④His business took off(大有好转)after the period 起初，（人们）打算20年后把这个铁塔拆掉，但在它 of COVID-19. 最终成为今天我们所熟悉的标志性景点之前，它作 ⑤Our village has taken on(呈现)a new look 为一个通信塔证明是非常有用的，更不用说用作 since 1978. 个巨大的广告牌。 ⑥After retirement the teacher took up(开始从事)a take down拆除；拿下，取下；记下，写下 voluntary job. 语法。探究突破 对应学生讲义P40 过去分词一作定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语 自我探究 总结归纳 DMost of their musical instruments are really just sticks found on the ground,among which there is an amazing instrument called the didgeri- ①②两句中的过去分词在句中作 doo. 定语 2If you want to hold a koala,you have to go to certain licensed zoos... 3Located to the south of the equator,below many other countries on Located to..过去分词短语在句 the globe,it's often informally referred to as "down under". 中作状语 ·56· UNIT 2 ICONIC ATTRACTIONS OHowever,as I major in social studies,I'm more in people in Australia and experiencing their culture, life. 5I watched the desk carried out of the classroom. [基本概念] 过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式，其基本构成 为done,在句中起到不同的功能，通常起到：定语、表 语、状语及宾（主）语补足语四种功能。 [思维导图] 定语（与所修饰的词 状语（与逻辑主语构成 构成动宾关系，表示 被动关系，表示原因、方 被动) 式、条件、让步等) 过去分词 (短语) 宾（主）语补足语与逻辑 表语（与主语构成被动 宾（主）语构成被动关系 关系，通常表示人的状 说明宾（主）语所发生 态) 的动作或存在的状态 [语法精析] 一、过去分词作定语 1.过去分词作定语的位置 (1)单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之 前，但left只作后置定语。 The broken vase has been thrown outside. 那个碎了的花瓶已经扔到外面去了。 The books left are for my students. 剩下的书是给我的学生的。 汇温馨提示] ①单个的过去分词修饰something,everything,an ything,nothing,nobody等复合不定代词或those 等指示代词时，要放在这些词的后面。 He is one of those invited. 他是那些受到邀请的人之一。 Is there anything unfinished? 还有什么没有完成吗？ ②非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间存在被动关系时， 用被动形式。现在分词的被动式(being done)、不定 式的被动式(to be done)之间的区别。 done表示被动、完成 being done表示正在进行的被动动作 to be done表示将来的被动动作 The bridge being built now is very important. 正在建造的那座桥梁很重要。 (2)过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词之后， 其作用相当于一个定语从句。 From the library I borrowed a book written by Mark ·5 五维课堂型 terested in meeting interested在句中作表语，说明 food,and way of “”的状态 carried在句中作宾语desk的补 足语 Twain.(=From the library I borrowed a book which/that was written by Mark Twain. 我从图书馆里借了一本马克·吐温写的书。 2.过去分词作定语的用法 (1)及物动词的过去分词作定语：被修饰词与构成过 去分词的动词之间通常为逻辑上的动宾关系且表示 动作已经完成，或只有被动意义。 Tom drank some boiled water and hurried to school. 汤姆喝了一些白开水，就匆匆忙忙朝学校赶去。 (boiled表示被动和完成) When he came to power,he decided to be a leader loved by everyone. 当他开始执政时，他决定做一个受大家爱戴的领袖。 (loved只表示被动意义) (2)不及物动词的过去分词作定语：不及物动词没有 被动语态，因此作定语时只表示动作的完成，不表示 被动意义，且只作前置定语。 When I woke up next morning,I found the ground was covered with fallen leaves. 当我第二天早上醒来时，我发现地上全是落叶。 (fallen只表示完成) (3)形容词化的过去分词作定语：英语中某些表示感 觉的动词，其过去分词形式表示“感到…的”，表示 被修饰词所处的状态。 There was a frightened horse in the street. 街上有一匹受惊的马。 The scared boy told me the news in a scared voice. 那个吓坏了的男孩用惊恐的声音告诉了我这个消息。 P[学以致用] [语法填空] 1.Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially designed (design)to help them succeed academically and personally. 2.I like eating fried (fry)tomatoes with eggs,and I thought it must be easy to cook. 3.The bridge built (build)1,000 years ago is still in use. 4.The girl dressed (dress)in red is my daughter. 5.The bridge to be built(build)next year will bring us great convenience. 世五维课堂 二、过去分词作状语 1.过去分词作状语的功能、类型及位置 (1)过去分词作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语 动词的动作和状态，即动作发生时的背景或状况：构 成过去分词的动词与句子主语之间是逻辑上的动宾 关系。 Built thirty years ago,the house looks very beautiful. 这座房子是30年前建造的，它看起来很漂亮。 (2)过去分词作状语的类型 类型 例句 When combined with practice,theory be- 时间 comes easier to learn. 状语 当与实践相结合时，理论就变得更容易学。 Born in a poor family,he had to work 原因 when he was a child. 状语 由于出身贫寒，他小时候就不得不工作。 The old man walked into the room,suppor- 方式 ted by his son. 状语 这位老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。 The little deer silently crossed the fields, half hidden in the mists of the early morn- 伴随 ing. 状语 小鹿静静地穿过田野，在清晨的薄雾中若隐 若现。 Cleared,this site would make a good play- 条件 ground. 状语 这块场地清理出来会成为一个很好的娱乐 场所 让步 Even if invited,I won't go. 状语 即使受到邀请，我也不会去。 (3)过去分词作条件、原因及时间状语时，通常放在句 首；作结果、方式及伴随状语时，一般放在句末；作让 步状语时，一般放在句首，有时也放在句末。 Given health,I can do it. 如果身体健康，我就能做。（条件状语） He walked slowly in the forest,followed by a dog. 他在森林里慢慢地走着，后面跟着一条狗。（伴随 状语) Wounded,the brave soldier still continued to fight. 尽管受伤了，那位勇敢的士兵仍然继续作战。（让步 状语) 英语·选择性必修第四册 P[学以致用] [语法填空] 6.We've all been there:in a lift,in line at the bank or on an airplane,surrounded (surround)by peo- ple who are,like us,deeply focused on their sm- artphones or worse,struggling with the uncom- fortable silence. 7.First celebrated (celebrate)in 1970,the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and re- gions(地区). 8.Given (give)more time,we could do it better. 9.Warned (warn)of the storm,the farmers were still working in the fields. 2.过去分词与动词-ig形式作状语的区别 语法 逻辑关系 时间概念 过去分词所表示的 过去分词作状语 动作往往发生于谓 时，构成过去分 语动词所表示的动 过去分词 词的动词与句子 作状语 的主语之间是逻 作之前；也可以表示 “一种状态”，与谓语 辑上的动宾关 动词所表示的动作 系，即表被动。 同时发生或存在。 动词-ing形式的 动词-ing形式的一 一般式(doing) 般式(doing)表示的 和完成式(hav- 动作与谓语动词所 动词-ing ing done)作状 表示的动作同时发 语时，构成动词 生或几乎同时发生； 形式作 状语 ing形式的动词 动词-ing形式的完 与句子的主语之 成式(having done) 间是逻辑上的主 表示的动作发生在 谓关系，即表 谓语动词所表示的 主动。 动作之前。 Seeing from the hill,you will find the city looks like a big garden. 从山上看，你会发现这座城市就像一个大花园。 (see与句子的主语you之间是逻辑上的主谓关系) Seen from the hill,the city looks like a big garden. 从山上看，这座城市就像一个大花园。(see与句子的 主语the city之间是逻辑上的动宾关系) [巧学妙记] 分词作状语记忆口诀： 分词作状语，主语是问题。逗号前后两动作，共用一 主语。主语找出后，再来判关系。主动用动词-ing, 被动用过去分词。having done表先后，千万要牢记。 UNIT 2 ICONIC ATTRACTIONS [学以致用] [语法填空] 10.Children,when accompained (accompany)by their parents,are allowed to enter the stadium. 11.Having spent (spend)nearly all our money,we couldn't afford to stay at a hotel. 12.Used (use)in an ordinary way,the soap can kill bacteria. 13.Using (use)the soap in an ordinary way,we can kill most of the bacteria on our hands. 三、过去分词作宾补 1.作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语之间的关系 (1)及物动词的过去分词作宾语补足语时，宾语和构 成过去分词的动词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。 I want the letter posted. 我想把这封信寄出去。 (2)少数不及物动词如go,fall等的过去分词作宾语 补足语时，仅表示动作已完成。因此，宾语与构成过 去分词的动词之间不存在逻辑上的动宾关系。 She found her necklace gone on her way home. 她在回家的路上发现项链不见了。 (3)动词seat,hide,dress等的过去分词作宾语补足 语一般表示状态，而不表示被动意义。 When I came in,I found a strange girl seated in the corner. 我进来时发现一个陌生的女孩坐在角落里。 2.过去分词作宾语补足语的情况 (1)感官动词后的过去分词作宾补：在see,notice, watch,hear,feel等感官动词后作宾补的过去分词 与宾语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动动作的完 成或只表示被动。 I heard the English song sung twice in the next room. 我听到隔壁房间里唱了两遍这首英文歌。（表示被 动、已完成) I'd like to see the plan carried out. 我想看到这个计划被实施下去。（只表示被动） (2)使役、致使动词后的过去分词作宾补：在make, have,get,leave,keep等使役、致使动词后作宾补的 过去分词与宾语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。 He tried to speak slowly to make himself under- stood. 他试图慢慢地说话，以使别人明白他的意思。 Please keep us informed of the latest developments. 请将最新的发展情况不断通报给我们。 。 五维课堂兰 P[学以致用] 14.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)They make great gifts and you see them many times decorated(decorate)with red envelopes and messages of good fortune. 15.I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph taken (take). 16.Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself reminded (remind)of his own dreams. 17.Mr Smith had his house broken break)into while he was away on holiday. 18.He stood there with his eyes fixed (fix)on the picture. 四、过去分词作表语 1.过去分词作表语的基本用法 (1)过去分词作表语，多表示主语所处的状态，多位于 系动词之后。这些系动词有be,remain,feel,seem, look,become等。 The door remained locked. 门仍然锁着。 (2)有些过去分词作表语时，已经具有了形容词的性 质，最常见的有：amazed,delighted,disappointed, discouraged,amused,astonished,tired,satisfied, pleased,surprised,worried,excited,annoyed,puz- zled等。 We were amazed at the beauty of the lake. 这个湖泊的美使我们感到惊奇。 She was disappointed at the result of the game. 她对比赛结果很失望。 He looked puzzled so I repeated the question. 他好像并没听懂，所以我把问题重复了一遍。 (3)过去分词作表语与被动语态相似，区别在于过去 分词作表语表示的是一种状态或状况，而被动语态表 示的是一个被动的动作，且后面常跟by短语。比较 下面两组句子： [They were shocked about the news. 他们对这个消息感到震惊。（状态） I was shocked by his words. 我被他的话惊到了。（被动） The glass is broken. 玻璃碎了。（状态） The glass was broken by him. 玻璃被他打碎了。（被动） 2.过去分词与动词ing形式作表语的区别 英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其动词 -ing形式意为“令人…的”，多用来形容物；其过去 分词意为“感到…的”，多用来形容人、人的声音或 表情等。这类词常见的有： 世五维课堂 (exciting令人激动的 (surprising令人惊讶的 excited激动的，兴奋的 surprised感到惊讶的 (encouraging令人鼓舞的 (frightening令人恐惧的 encouraged受到鼓舞的 (frightened受惊的 (interesting令人感兴趣的 (moving令人感动的 interested感兴趣的 moved受感动的 (pleasing令人满意的 (shocking令人震惊的 (pleased满意的 (shocked感到震惊的 (tiring令人劳累的 (worrying令人担心的 tired感到劳累的 worried感到担心的 (satisfying令人满意的 (puzzling令人迷惑的 satisfied满意的 (puzzled感到迷惑的 [学以致用] [语法填空] 19.(2019·全国Ⅱ)These kids are so absorbed(ab sorb)in their studies that I just sit back. 20.(2019·天津)We succeed in our field of speciali- zation and then become trapped (trap)in it. ● 随堂 I.单词拼写 l.A frog(青蛙)can live both in water and on land.. 2.Turn right where you see a waymark arrow 头). 3.The novel consists(组成)of5 chapters. 4.The first time I dived (into the water is an experience I will never forget. 5.Will you sponsor (the players for a charity walk? 6.He thinks children have too much freedom ( these days. 7.I'm planning to write a book,which I intend to entitle(命名，题名)it The Journey Eastward. 8.Work out the exact design before you start con- struction(施工，建造). Ⅱ.语法填空 1.Dreams and ideals mean nothing if one does not have the freedom (free)to pursue them. 2.An international medical conference was estab- lished (establish)for the interchange (of new ideas and approaches last year. 3.According to the government policies,all the un- employed are entitled entitle)to free medical treatment in this area. 4.Happiness doesn't consist in how many posses- sions you own. 6 英语·选择性必修第四册 [选词填空] 21.excited/exciting (1)I don't really like the author,although I have to admit his books are very exciting. (2)Being the coach of the new team,I was excited because I knew we were going to win,but to my disappointment we were defeated. 22.surprised/surprising (1)It's surprising that your brother picked up Russian so quickly-he hasn't lived there very long. (2)She was surprised to find the fridge empty;the children had eaten everything! 23.interested/interesting (l)(20l9·全国I卷)I became interested in playing football thanks to a small accident. (2)What's particularly interesting is the attitude va- rious cities have toward Dubanchet's cause. 步步夯实 对应学生讲义P43 5.Alice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur(创业者)， who in May 2015 set up her business AilieCandy. 6.The firm decided to bring in a new management team to improve workers'working efficiency. 7.All the old houses had to be taken down to make room for a modern supermarket. 8.Weather permitting (permit),we shall have an organized trip to the local forests to search for the herbs that our teacher has asked us to prepare. 9.Some people are skeptical about the Internet,clai- ming (claim)that surfing the Internet is a waste of time. 10.The group consisting of the eight richest coun- tries in the world signed a contract last week. Ⅲ.语法专练（用括号内词的适当形式填空） 1.When we saw the road blocked (block)with snow,we decided to spend the holiday at home. 2.Claire had her luggage checked (check)an hour before her plane left. 3.Only by shouting at the top of his voice was he able to make himself heard (hear). 4.When his wife returned,the husband found her beautiful long hair cut (cut). 5.There are some health problems that,if not trea- ted (treat)in time,can become bigger ones later on. UNIT 2 ICONIC ATTRACTIONS 6.Technological innovation,combined (combine) with good marketing,will promote the sales of these products. 7.The national park has a large collection of wild- life,ranging (range)from butterflies to ele- phants. 8.Heavy rain struck Guangzhou in May,causing (cause)serious traffic problems. 9.Inspired (inspire)by Mr Chen's speech,they de- cided to study science harder. 10.Based (base)on a true story,the book tells how a housewife turns into a professional lawyer. 11.Faced (face)with a choice between arts and sci- ence,the little girl didn't know which to choose. 素美。 I.阅读理解 Wouldn't it be wonderful to travel to a foreign country without having to worry about the headache of communicating in a different language? In a recent Wall Street Journal article,technol- ogy policy expert Alec Ross argued that,within a decade or so,we would be able to communicate with one another via small earpieces with built-in micro- phones.That's because technological progress is ex- tremely rapid.It's only a matter of time.Indeed, some parents are so convinced that this technology is imminent that they're wondering if their kids should learn a second language. It's true that an increase in the quantity and ac- curacy of the data loaded into computers will make them cleverer at translating "No es bueno dormir mucho”into“It's not good to sleep too much”.Re placing a word with its equivalent(对等词)in the target language is actually the easy part of a translator's job.But even this seems to be a discour- aging task for computers. It's so difficult for computers because transla- tion doesn't-or shouldn't-involve simply trans- lating words,sentences or paragraphs.Rather,it's about translating meaning.And in order to infer meaning from a specific expression,humans have to ·6 五维课堂型 12.I didn't go to their party,though invited (invite) yesterday. 13.A person,when challenged (challenge),can of- ten do what is normally beyond his ability. 14.When making art criticism,you must assume the artist has a secret message hidden (hide)within the work. 15.The producer comes regularly to collect the cam- eras returned (return)to our shop for quality problems. 16.For those with family members far away,the personal computer and the phone can help them stay connected (connect). 层层提升 对应学生课时P16 interpret a mass of information at the same time. Think about all the related clues that go into under- standing an expression:volume,gesture,situa- tions,and even your culture.All are likely to con- vey as much meaning as the words you use. Therefore,we should be very skeptical of a ma- chine that is unable to interpret the world around us.If people from different cultures can offend each other without realizing it,how can we expect a ma- chine to do better?Unless engineers actually find a way to breathe a soul into a computer,undoubtedly when it comes to conveying and interpreting mean- ing using a natural language,a machine will never fully take our place. [语篇解读]本文属于议论文。去外国旅行而不用 担心语言障碍是不是很美妙？本文以此展开谈论，进 而讨论了通过现代科学技术，语言障碍能不能变小甚 至消失的问题。 l.What does the underlined word“imminent”in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A.Ready. B.Approaching. C.Unpractical. D.Confusing. 解析：B[考查词义猜测。根据第二段的最后两 句可知，用机器交流仅仅是个时间问题，一些父母 十分相信这种技术即将来临，以至于他们不知道自 已的孩子是否还需要学习第二语言，故选B。] 世五维课堂 2.Why is it hard for computers to replace a word with its equivalent? A.Their data is not adequate enough. B.The real meaning of words can vary. C.Their accuracy needs big improvement. D.A soul hasn't been breathed in them. 解析：B[考查细节理解。根据第四段内容可知， 翻译不仅仅是翻译单词、句子和段落，确切地说，它 是有关意思的转换，为了推断一个具体短语的意 思，人类不得不同时理解很多信息，故可知，单词真 正的意思是会随着语境的变化而变化的。所以 选B。] 3.What view does the author hold about translation? A.Proper translation can be tough for humans. B.Slight distinctions matter little in translation. C.Some machines will interpret our world properly. D.Cultures deserve more attention than words used. 解析：A[考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“If people from different cultures can offend each oth- er without realizing it,how can we expect a ma- chine to do better”可以推测出，准确的翻译对于 人来说很难。故选A。] 4.What is the best title for the text? A.An Expert's Precise Prediction B.The Complexity of Translation C.Who Will Be a Better Translator? D.Will the Language Barrier Actually Fall? 解析：D[考查主旨大意。根据文章内容，尤其是 文章开头“Wouldn't it be wonderful to travel to a foreign country without having to worry about the headache of communicating in a different lan- guage'”可知，本文主要讨论了语言障碍会不会变 小的问题。故选D。] Ⅱ.阅读填句 Advantages of School Uniforms Many public school systems across the country are instituting school uniforms in an effort to im- prove overall school performance and to reduce nega- tive behavior.1.Below is a summary of the ad- vantages of school uniforms. ·6 英语·选择性必修第四册 Cost In some cases,the use of school uniforms is more affordable to families because there is not as much pressure as buying expensive,trendy cloth- ing.2.Except the initial cost of buying uni- forms,there is no need to spend more money on clothing. Behavioral Outcomes 3.They believe that uniforms form a stric- ter atmosphere and that students who wear uniforms are more likely to follow school rules.The U.S. Department of Education maintains that the manda- tory(强制的)use of standardized dress reduces vio lence within the school. 4 Many educators believe that students who wear school uniforms performs better academically in school.Students are often so focused on their clothes that they distract themselves from learning. Many parents find that their children spend a great deal of time planning and choosing their daily cloth- ing and that uniforms allow students to use this peri- od of time to study. Social Outcomes 5.Some experts believe that school uni- forms improve the social outcomes in a school envi- ronment as well.People sometimes judge others by their clothing.Children are often laughed at by oth- er children because of the way they dress.Many children use clothing to express and define them- selves.School uniforms relieve students from the pressure to fit in. A.Academic Outcomes B.Manage Time Properly C.Uniforms can be a social coordinator D.Standardized school clothing has become a heated national debate E.Uniforms are made to last,and can be washed easily and frequently F.The school's head teacher orders that all the students should wear school uniforms UNIT 2 ICONIC ATTRACTIONS G.It is generally thought that students who wear school uniforms behave more appropriately in the school environment [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文，向读者介绍了几条 在学校穿校服的好处。 1.解析：D[根据上文讲全国许多公立学校提出穿 校服可知，空处应是讲穿校服这件事已成为全国性 的热点话题，故选D项。] 2.解析：E[本段主要讲使用校服的成本，选项E的 内容与本段主旨相符，且与空后一句衔接自然，故 选E项。] 3.解析：G[根据本段的小标题Behavioral Outcomes 可知，本段主要是说学生穿校服在约束行为方面的 效果。选项G中的behave more appropriately与 本段主旨对应，故选G项。] 4.解析：A[分析文章结构可知，本空为本段小标 题。本段主要讲学生穿校服后在学业方面的影响 及效果，再结合选项可知选A项。] 5.解析：C[根据本段小标题Social Outcomes可知， 本段主要是讲学生穿校服后的社交效果，选项C中 的a social coordinator与本段主旨对应，故选 C项。] Ⅲ.完形填空 Retailers(零售商)closed more than9,O00 stores in 2019.Some people call what has happened to the shopping landscape "the retail 1 "It is easy to chalk it up to the rise of e-commerce,which has thrived while physical stores struggle.But this can be 2 Online sales have grown tremendously in the last 20 years,but Internet shopping still re- presents only 11 percent of the entire retail sales. Collectively,three major 3 forces have had an even bigger impact on brick-and-mortar retail than the Internet has. To begin with,we have changed 4 we shop -away from smaller stores like those in malls and towards stand-alone "big box"stores,which is a greater problem for most physical stores. Also,rising income 5 has left less of the nation's money in the hands of the middle class,and the traditional retail stores that 6 them have ·6 五维课堂型 suffered.It is estimated that since 1970,the share of the nation's income earned by families in the mid- dle class has fallen from almost two-thirds to around 40 percent.As the 7 of income at the top rises, overall retail suffers simply because high-income people save a much larger share of their money.The government reports 8 for different income levels in the official Consumer Expenditure Survey.In the latest data,people in the top 10 percent of income 9 almost a third of their income after taxes. People in the middle of the income distribution spent 100 percent of their income.10,as the middle class has been squeezed and more has gone to the top,it has meant higher saving rates overall. Lastly,we have spent 11 less of income on things and more on services.Since 1960,we went from spending 5 percent of our income on health to almost 18 percent,government statistics show.We spend more on education,entertainment,business services and all sorts of other products that aren't 12 in traditional retail stores.Economists de- bate theories of why we have 13 to services from goods but no one denies that it has happened. It means that over time,retailers selling 14 will have to run harder and harder just to stay in place. In short,the broad forces hitting retail are more a lesson in economics than in the power of 15. It's a lesson all retailers will have to learn someday. [语篇解读]这是一篇议论文。文章就零售业面临 的寒冬作了分析，指出并非是电商崛起抢占了零售业 的市场份额，而是出于一些经济方面的原因。 1.A.business B.disaster C.investment D.strategy 解析：B[根据前文描述的2019年有9000多家零 售商铺倒闭推断，此处应该指的是零售界的一场灾 难。故选B。] 2.A.advanced B.confirmed C.overstated D.undervalued 解析：C[从下文的分析来看，网上购物并没有对 零售业造成太大的影响，所以这里要表达所谓的电 商威胁到了零售业是比较夸张的说法。故选C。]