Unit 2 SectionⅡ Reading and Thinking(Ⅱ)（教师版）-【创新教程】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册五维课堂同步复习（人教版）

UNIT 2 ICONIC ATTRACTIONS for a job interview or provide job coaches who can conduct mock interviews. A.You should consider how to be qualified. B.Self-help books may be available at public libraries. C.Another way is to work on your outward appear- ance. D.It can be one of the most stressful events in a person's life. E.Then,you can improve yourself by overcoming your weaknesses. F.Observing how you communicate with others is equally important. G.An interviewer's job is to recommend the best qualified applicants. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了准备面 试的几种方法。 1.D[此空设于段中，因此需要根据上下文来判断。 根据空后的“Fear of the unknown..,one meeting” Section Readin 新知。 [重点单词] 1.iconic adj.符号的；图标的 2.equator n.赤道 3.barbecue n.户外烧烤；烤架 4.joint n.公开场所；关节adj.联合的；共同的 5.butcher n.肉贩；屠夫；刽子手 6.premier adj.最著名的；第一流的；首要的n.总 理；首相 7.hollow adj.中空的；空心的 8.straightforward adj.坦率的；简单的 9.found-→u.建立，创办，成立→foundation n.创建； 基础；地基 10.politics n.政治，权术，政治学→political ad.政治的 11.locate.找到，确定…的位置→location n.地 点，位置→located adj.位于 [重点短语] 1.major in 主修 2.refer to...as... 把…称作… 3.on the other hand 另一方面 4.lead to 导致，造成 5.in contact with 与…有联系/接触 6.breathe in 吸气 7.make up 构成，组成 8.at home 舒适自在，无拘无束 4 五维课堂卫 可知，D项，“它可能是一个人的生活中最有压力的 事情之一”符合题意，该项中的It指代上文的ajob interview。 2.G[空前讲到要了解你是否具有胜任这个职位的 独特条件，G项解释了为什么要了解自己是否具备 一个职位所需的特殊条件，前后因果相承，故选 G项。] 3.F[此空设于段首，是本段的主题句。空后内容是 对主题句的具体阐释，故F项“观察你如何与他人 沟通同样重要”符合语境。] 4.E[空前提到在模拟面试中，根据你的表现，担任 面试官的人可能会指出你的缺，点，E项“然后你能 通过克服自己的缺，点来提升自己”与上文内容顺 承，故选E项。] 5.B[本段主要讲还有很多可供求职者用来准备工 作面试的资源，B项与空后内容都属于帮助求职者 准备面试的资源，故选B项。] g and Thinking(I) 点点突破 对应学生讲义P31 [重点句型] 1.I plan to keep this blog to record my experience and what I learn. [句式精析] 本句为简单句，my experience与what I learn并列 作record的宾语 试译：我打算写博客来记录我的经历和所学。 2.They have a straightforward and free-and-easy at- titude towards life,and their friendliness and warmth made me feel at home wherever I went. [句式精析] They have a straightforward and free-and-easy 第一分句 attitude towards life, and 并列连词 their friendliness and warmth (made me feel at home) 第二分句 (wherever I went).“make十宾语+宾补”结构 wherever引导的让步状语从句 试译：他们的生活态度坦率且无拘无束，而他们的 友善和温暖让我无论到哪里都感到轻松自在。 世五维课堂 ● 要点。 [词汇精讲] 1.(教材P14)The foundation of Australia 澳大利亚的建立 foundation n.创建；基础；地基；根据 ◆[佳句感知] The foundation of every state is its education of its youth. 对青年人的教育是每个国家的根本。 How long will it take to finish digging the founda- tions? 挖好地基需要多久？ 汇归纳拓展] lay the foundation(s)for..为…打下基础 found vt..创立；建立 founder n.创办者；发起人 ◆[即学即练] [完成句子] DHe was a family doctor and the founder (found) of the worldwide Laughter Yoga movement. 2The good relation between human and nature is the foundation (found)of a harmonious society. 3Founded (found)in the early 20th century,the school keeps on inspiring children's love of art. [翻译句子] ④建立于1924年的那家公司已发展成为一家大公 司。(found) The company (which)was founded in 1924 has de- veloped into a big one. ⑤建立于1911年的清华大学是很多伟大人物的母 校。(found,.be home to) Tsinghua University,founded in 1911,is home to a number of great figures. 2.(教材P14)Located to the south of the equator, below many other countries on the globe,it's of- ten informally referred to as“down under”. 它位于赤道以南，在地球上许多国家的下方，通常 被非正式地称为“down under”。 (1)located adj.位于 ◆[佳句感知] Their base is located in the north of the city. 他们的基地位于这座城市的北部。 英语·选择性必修第四册 层层精析 对应学生讲义P32 汇归纳拓展] be located in/near/to/on..位于…（附近，里面…） “位于…；坐落在…”的表达方法 be located-+表方位的介词+.. be situated十表方位的介词十. lie十表方位的介词+. be十表方位的介词十.. locationn.位置：地点 ◆[即学即练] [语法填空] DMr Smith was quite satisfied with his new flat which was located locate)beside the West Lake Park and decided to settle down there. 2The attractive city Qingdao is located on the east- ern coast of China. 3They switched the location (locate)of the movie to Hawaii. [翻译句子] ④中国位于亚洲东部，是一个有着悠久历史的国家。 China is a country with a long history,which is/ lies/is located/is situated in the east of Asia. (2)refer to.,.as..称…为… ◆汇佳句感知] At one time,people referred to the city as the Paris of the East. 人们曾一度称这座城市为“东方巴黎”。 She always referred to Ben as“that nice man”. 她总是称本为“那个大好人”。 归纳拓展] refer to a dictionary/.an expert查字典/请教专家 reference n.参考；涉及；提及；查阅 in/with reference to..:.关于： ◆[即学即练] [在空白处填入refer的正确形式] DWhen I said some people are stupid,I wasn't re- ferring to you. 2It is suggested that one refer to the reference book to ensure the reliability of the news. 3You'd better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future reference. [完成句子] OIf you are a traveller without a guide leading the way,you need to refer to (a guidebook for de- tails of your journey. UNIT 2 ICONIC ATTRACTIONS ⑤Referred to as(被称为)the“Chinese Valentine's Day",Qixi,as a traditional Chinese festival,is more similar to a Western festival. ⑥In reference to(关于)your question about cost, the tickets for the film are 35 yuan each. 3.(教材P14)The influence of Asian cultures,on the other hand,led to the introduction of bean curd and Asian herbs,along with Australian ver- sions of foods like the Chinese-inspired dim sim. 另一方面，受亚洲文化的影响，除了灵感源自中国 的点心等澳大利亚版的食物以外，（澳大利亚）还引 人了豆腐和（用于调味的）亚洲香草。 lead to导致，造成；通往，通向 ◆[佳句感知] Eating too much sugar can lead to health problems. 食用过多的糖会引起健康问题。 The global warming,if not properly controlled, might lead to more natural disasters. 全球变暖如果得不到适当控制，可能导致更多的自然 灾害。 It doesn't matter whether you turn right or left at the crossing-both roads lead to the park. 你在十字路口向右转还是向左转都不要紧一两条 路都通往公园。 归纳拓展] lead sb.to do sth.使某人做某事 lead a/an..life过着…的生活 lead lead sb..to someplace领某人到某地 be in the lead/take the lead领先 ◆[即学即练] [语法填空] DHis laziness led to him failing (fail)in the last exam. 2His friends gave away some information,which led to his being arrested (arrest). [完成句子] ③他带路，把我们领到了西藏的一个小村庄。在那 里，我们发现当地人过着幸福的生活。 He led the way,and led us to a village of Tibet. There we found the local people leading a happy life. 4.(教材Pl5)I tried to learn how to play it,but after trying for hours,I was convinced that... 我试着去学习吹奏它，但试了几个小时后，我确信 …… convince vt..使信服，说服 ◆[佳句感知] They were convinced of his honesty. 他们相信他的诚实。 五维课堂型 I am convinced that the medicine will work. 我相信这药会起作用。 汇归纳拓展 convince sb.of sth.使某人相信某事 convince sb.that使某人相信… convince sb.to do sth.说服某人做某事 convincing adj.有说服力的，令人信服的 ◆[即学即练] [语法填空] DI think you will help me convince my father to quit (quit)smoking. 2Convinced (convince)of the truth of the reports, Bill told his colleagues about it. 3He'll cook up a convincing (convince)explanation for his failure. DI'm convinced (convince)that he is not telling the truth. 5You'll need to convince them of your enthusiasm for the job. 5.(教材Pl5)After being here for a while,my biggest impression is the complicated mix of peo- ples and cultures that make up the nation. 在这儿待了一段时间后，给我印象最深的是形成这 个国度的复杂多样的民族和文化。 make up形成，构成；编造；补上；化妆，和解 ◆[佳句感知] Asian Americans make up sixty percent of the popu- lation here. 亚裔美国人占这儿人口的百分之六十。 Jane made up stories to amuse her little brother. 简编故事逗她的小弟弟。 We have to drive fast to make up the time we lost in Boston. 我们得开快一点，好补回我们在波士顿耽误的时间。 Why don't you make up with her and forget all about your quarrel? 你为什么不能同她和好并忘掉你们吵架的事呢？ 汇归纳拓展] make use of... 利用…… make it获得成功 make the most of 充分利用 make out辨认 make make sense 清楚；理解 讲得通；合乎情理 make room for... make up one's mind 为……腾地方 下定决心 世五维课堂 ◆[即学即练] [写出make up的含义] DDavid isn't an honest boy.Every time he is late, he will make up an excuse. 编造 2Can I leave early this afternoon and make up the time tomorrow? 补上 3I'm glad to hear that you are considering making up with Peter. 和解 D In that country,women make up 44%of the workforce(劳动力)，and nearly half the mothers with children are in paid work. 构成，组成 5They made him up as an old man for the last act of the play. 化妆 [句式精析] L.(教材Pl4)I plan to keep this blog to record my experiences and what I learn. 我打算写博客来记录我的经历和所学。 句式分析 本句是主从复合句，what I learn是what引导的宾语 从句，作record的宾语，what在从句中作learn的 宾语。 what引导名词性从句 (1)当what用作连接代词引导名词性从句时，可引导 主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 (2)what在引导名词性从句时有两个重要的特点：一 是它在相应的名词性从句中一定有含义，常表示 “…的东西/样子/事情等”；二是它在相应的名词性 从句中一定作成分，常作主语、宾语、表语或定语等。 What these word experts solve are mysterious origins of some of the most common words. 这些词汇专家所解决的问题是一些最常见单词的神 秘起源。(what在主语从句中作solve的宾语) What worries parents is that their children lack moti- vation to learn. 父母担忧的是孩子们缺乏学习的动力。(What在主 语从句中作主语) If you follow what is mentioned above,you will be accepted by people around you. 你如果遵从上面所提到的内容，就会被周围的人接受 了。(what在宾语从句中作主语) Complete a few tasks and reward yourself with what you enjoy,such as a good dinner or a film. 完成几个任务，然后用你所喜欢的东西来奖赏自己， 比如吃一顿美餐，看一场电影。(what在宾语从句中 作enjoy的宾语) Stress is what you feel when you are worried about something. 压力是你担忧某事时的感受。(what在表语从句中 作feel的表语) 英语·选择性必修第四册 I have no idea what I should do to help her. 我不知道我应该怎么帮助她。(what在同位语从句 中作do的宾语) ◆[即学即练] [写出句子中what引导的从句类型] DThis is what my father has taught me-to always face difficulties and hope for the best. 表语从句 ②Studying history can give us insight(洞察力)into why our culture does certain things,and how the past has shaped it into what we know now. 宾语从句 3What is known to us is that tobacco contains nico- tine(尼古丁)and other harmful substances,so you should give up smoking. 主语从句 2.(教材Pl4)Since I arrived,my friend has brought me to my first open-air barbecue and has also shared many different but yummy meals with me,so my first impressions of Australia have been all about food! 自从我到了这里，我朋友就带我体验了露天烧烤， 我以前从未体验过；朋友还带我品尝了各种美味的 饭菜，所以我对澳大利亚的第一印象都是关于食物 的！ [句式分析 Since I arrived my friend has brought Since引导时间状语从句'并列分句，其中 me to my first open-air barbecue and has also shared and连接 many different but yummy meals with me, 并列谓语 并列连词 my first impressions of Australia have been all about food! 并列分句 since/ever since引导时间状语从句 since和ever since引导时间状语从句，表示“自从 …以来”。从句一般表示动作的起点，用一般过 去时。 The number of women dying from breast cancer has fallen to its lowest level since records began in 1971. 死于乳腺癌的女性人数已经降到了从1971年有相关 记录以来的最低值。 He has been working here ever since he left university. 自从大学毕业以后，他就一直在这里工作。 [温馨提示 since从句中的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词。另有 固定句型“Itbe十时间段十since...”,表示“自从过 去某个时间以来，已经有…时间了” It's years since I painted a picture as beautiful as this one. 我已经很多年没有画出和这幅画一样美的画了。 UNIT 2 ICONIC ATTRACTIONS ◆[即学即练] [完成句子] ①自从我们上次见面已经有六年了。 It has been 6 years since we last saw each other/we met last time. ②自从大学毕业，他就梦想着出国旅游。 Ever since he graduated from college,he has dreamed/has been dreaming of travelling abroad. ③我们好长时间都没有欣赏到这么好的喜剧片了。 It has been a long time since we enjoyed such a won- derful/good comedy. 3.(教材P15)It is said that now nearly half of all Australian citizens were either born overseas or have parents who were born overseas. 据说，目前近一半的澳大利亚公民都是在海外出生 的，或者他们的父母是在海外出生的。 [句式分析] t为形式主语is said that now nearly half of all It 主语 Australian citizens were either born overseas or either...or..连接 have parents who were born overseas. 并列谓语who引导定语从句，先行词为parents It is said that...句型 It is said that...意为“据说…”，其结构为“It十动 词的被动语态十that从句”，类似的句型还有： It is thought that..·人们认为… It is believed that...人们相信… It is hoped that.人们希望… It is reported that...据报道… It is well-known that..众所周知 It is supposed that...据推测 It is widely./universally acknowledged that.,,大家公 认… It is assumed that...人们认为… 上述结构可改为： DSb./Sth.be said/thought/believed/hoped/...to do/to be doing/to have done... 2People say/think/believe/hope...that... It was said that some primitive people who ate veni- son could run as fast as deer. 据说有些吃鹿肉的原始人能跑得像鹿一样快。 It is thought that the country will develop faster in the following years. 人们认为该国在接下来几年中将会发展得更加迅速。 It is hoped that the terrible disease will soon be con- trolled. 人们希望这种可怕的疾病能很快得到控制。 It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work. 人们普遍认为压力是工作量过大所致。 五维课堂 ◆[即学即练] [句型转换] DIt is said that Mr Green has arrived in London. -Mr Green is said to have arrived in London. 2It is supposed that he is working in that big com- pany. ->He is supposed to be working in that big company. 3It is thought that he often helps the people in need. ->He is often thought to help the people in need. DPeople believe that the castle has existed for sev- eral centuries. >It is believed that the castle has existed for several centuries. -The castle is believed to have existed for several centuries. 5 It is known to all that he landed on the moon in1969. -He is known to all to land on the moon in 1969. What is known to all is that he landed on the moon in1969.(主语从句) -As is known to all,he landed on the moon in 1969.(定语从句) ->He landed on the moon in 1969,which/as is known to all.(定语从句) -That he landed on the moon in 1969 is known to all.(主语从句) 4.(教材Pl5)They have a straightforward and free-and-easy attitude towards life,and their friendliness and warmth made me feel at home wherever I went. 他们对生活的态度率真洒脱，无论我走到哪里，他 们的友好和热情都让我感到舒适自在。 [句式精析] They have a straightforward and free-and-easy 第一分句 attitude towards life, and 并列连词 个 their friendliness and warmth (made me feel at home) 第二分句 (wherever I went).“make十宾语十宾补”结构 wherever引导的让步状语从句 “特殊疑问词+-ever”引导的让步状语从句 在英语中，“特殊疑问词十-ever”引导让步状语从句， 意为“无论…”，可与“no matter-十特殊疑问词”相互 替换。 Whenever (No matter when)you come back, don't wake me up. 你不管什么时候回来，都不要吵醒我。 世五维课堂 Wherever (=No matter where)he is,he makes it a rule to give his mother a call every day. 他无论在哪儿，都把每天给妈妈打电话当成一个 惯例。 However(=No matter how)carefully I explained, she still didn't understand. 无论我解释得多么仔细，她还是没弄懂。 She knew that,whatever (-no matter what)she decided,her family was right behind her. 她知道，无论她作出什么决定，她的家人肯定会支 持她。 Whoever(=No matter who)breaks the law,he should be punished. 无论谁违犯法律，都应该受到惩罚。 We can go on Tuesday or Friday,whichever (=no matter which)you prefer. 我们可以周二或周五去，随你喜欢哪个时间。 随堂 0 1.单词拼写 1.We were out all day visiting museums and monu- ments(纪念碑). 2.The earth is divided equally into two halves along the equator(赤道). 3.Many young people like to have barbecue(烧烤)， especially in hot summer. 4.The whole herb()has a characteristic taste. 5.The Irish premier (is paying an official visit to Britain. 6.Jack is tough,but always straightforward 的)and fair. 7.I failed to convince(使信服)the old lady of my honesty for help. 8.Guzheng is a traditional folk Chinese instrument (乐器). Ⅱ.选词填空 refer to,major in,in contact with,make up,along with,personally speaking,feel at home,on the oth- er hand 1.As a writer,he draws inspiration from everything he reads and everyone he keeps in contact with. 2.That's what hospitality is all about:making peo- ple feel at home when they are not. 3.I majored in architecture,and then I took some courses in marketing at college. 4.Personally speaking,parents should encourage children more,helping them develop their confi- dence. 5 英语·选择性必修第四册 ◆[即学即练] 选词填空：whatever/however/wherever/,whenever ①(20l9·北京)Whatever stage of life you'reat, wherever you go and whatever project you do in GDA,you'll create positive changes in a poor and remote community. ②(20l8·天津)Whenever you move to a new area, you should locate the fire alarm pull stations and the two exits nearest your room. 3 However serious a problem you may have,you should gather your courage to face the challenge. [完成句子] ④(20l8·天津)The gold medal will be awarded to whoever wins the first place(赢得第一名的人)in the bicycle race. 步步夯实 对应学生讲义P36 5.Little giant enterprises refer to outstanding high- tech small and medium-sized enterprises with high growth potential,advanced technology and strong market competitive power. 6.Since Maggie asked for three days'sick leave,she has to make up her lessons. 7.I want to go to the party,but on the other hand,I must prepare for the final examination. 8.She lost her job when the factory closed,along with hundreds of others. Ⅲ.完成句子 1.由于我们的共同努力，任务提前完成了。(joint) Owing to/Due to our joint efforts,the task was fulfilled ahead of schedule. 2.儒勒·凡尔纳把他那个时代的科学发展又向前推 进了一步，奠定了现代科幻小说的基础。(founda- tion) By taking the scientific development of his day one step further,Jules Verne laid/provided the foun- dation(s)for modern science fiction. 3.根据历史记载，那个岛属于西班牙领土。(domain) According to historical records,the island was within the Spanish domains. 4.这个由当地政府资助的展览将展示生命是如何从 水进化而来的。(sponsor) The exhibition,sponsored by the local govern- ment will illustrate how life evolved from water. UNIT 2 ICONIC ATTRACTIONS 5.坐落于“一带一路”的交汇点，江苏将为“一带一路” 建设做出更多的贡献。(locate) Located where the Belt meets the Road,Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road con- struction. 6.新课程提倡让学生有更多的时间参与所谓的社区 服务。(refer to) The new curriculum advocates allowing students more time to participate in what is referred to as community service. ● 素美。 I.阅读理解 A If you're looking for European culture,there are few better places to visit than Switzerland. Known as the melting pot of Europe,it combines the cultures of Europe with astonishing beauty and fantastic food. Switzerland's culture is a combination of neigh- boring states:France,Germany,and Italy.The re- sult is a multilingual(多语言的)country,as eastern Switzerland speaks French,the southern part speaks Italian and the rest speaks German. Like the language,the cuisine is also quite dif- ferent by region.If you visit cities like Geneva, you'll find traditional French dishes like Fondue and Raclette,melted Swiss cheese served on bread or po- tatoes.Meanwhile,in German-speaking regions, like Zurich,you'll find Rosti,a typical side dish made from fried potatoes. However,if there's one thing that unites the Swiss and the rest of the world,it's their love of chocolate.Swiss chocolate factories are "the most luxurious in the world",US travel blogger Sarah Schmalbruch wrote on Business Insider.Famous brands,like Lindt,are based in the country.Visi- tors to Switzerland can enjoy chocolate tasting ses- sions,and even take classes from master chocolate makers. Aside from the wide variety of food on offer, Switzerland also offers thrills.The Swiss Alps offer year-round skiing and mountain climbing with local experts.Besides,you can visit the beautiful Matter- horn,known for its distinctive pyramid shape and snow-capped peak.Standing at a height of more than 4,400 meters,it is the most pictured mountain in the world,according to Smithsonian magazine. ·5 五维课堂型 7.英国有很多十分吸引我的地方，其中包含大本钟。 (定语从句) In UK,there are many attractions that interest me a lot,among which is Big Ben. 8.即使是大型机场，在公务机停放方面也面临着持续 的压力，尤其是在旺季。(come to) Even for major airports,they face constant pres- sure when it comes to parking for business jets, especially during the peak season. 层层提升 对应学生课时P14 But if city culture is more your thing,you'll find a wide range of museums and art galleries,not to mention the world's largest teddy bear museum in Basel. Even the largest Swiss cities tend to be laid- back(悠闲自在的)，but with many adrenaline-pum ping(肾上腺素激增的)activities and cultural sites, Switzerland is perfect for every taste.After all, where else in Europe can offer you the culture of four different countries? [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文，介绍了瑞士这个多 文化国家的文化，如语言、饮食以及风景名胜等。 1.The author presents Switzerland as a multi-cultur- al country by introducing its A.languages and food B.architecture and food C.festivals and architecture D.costumes and festivals 解析：A[细节理解题。由第二段中的 "Switzerland's culture is a combination of neigh- boring states:France,Germany,and Italy.The result is a multilingual(多语言的)country”以及 第三段中的“Like the language,the cuisine is also quite different by region”可知，瑞士文化的多样性 体现在它的语言和美食上。故选A。] 2.Why are Sarah Schmalbruch's words quoted? A.To show the history of Swiss chocolates. B.To prove Swiss chocolates are difficult to make. C.To show how delicious Swiss chocolates are. D.To stress the popularity of Swiss chocolates. 解析：D[推理判断题。由第四段中Sarah Schmalbruch所说的“Swiss chocolate factories are ‘the most luxurious in the world'”以及第四段第 一句中的“it's their love of chocolate'”可知，瑞士的 人们很钟爱吃巧克力，巧克力在瑞士非常受欢迎。 强调了瑞士巧克力的受欢迎程度，故选D。] 世五维课堂 3.What can you find in Switzerland? A.The safest skiing location. B.The most pictured mountain. C.The largest art gallery. D.The oldest teddy bear museum. 解析：B[细节理解题。由第五段中的“Besides, you can visit the beautiful Matterhorn,known for its distinctive pyramid shape and snow-capped peak.Standing at a height of more than 4,400 meters,it is the most pictured mountain in the world”可知，在瑞士我们能看到最美的山峰。故 选B。] [干扰项分析][A项：文中第五段没有提到“sa fest”;C项：第六段提到了“a wide range of muse- ums and art galleries'”,设有说是“largest”;D项： 第六段提到了“the world's largest teddy bear mu- seum”,但是设有说是“the oldest'”,] 4.Where can we most probably read this text? A.In a geography textbook. B.In a science report. C.In a travel magazine. D.In a personal diary. 解析：C[出处判断题。总览全文，文章主要介绍 了瑞士这个多文化国家，包括语言、美食、风景等。 文章最后一段中的“Switzerland is perfect for every taste.After all,where else in Europe can offer you the culture of four different countries”还指出瑞士可以满 足所有人的品味，是在向读者推荐瑞士，所以本文 极可能是出现在旅行杂志中。故选C。] B Iceland is a large island.In fact,it's the world's 18th largest island.Most of the population,howev- er,lives in the southwestern part of the country,in or around the capital city of Reykjavik.By its very name,you'd expect Iceland to be mostly ice-cov- ered.Looking at Iceland on a map,you'll notice it sits just outside the Arctic Circle.Despite its loca- tion and name,Iceland actually has a temperate cli- mate,because it is warmed by the Gulf Stream.The Gulf Stream also helps keep Iceland's coastal ports ice-free through the winter. There is plenty of ice on Iceland,though.The country consists of a large plateau (that in- cludes fields of sand,mountains and glaciers.Over 60%of Iceland is tundra(苔原).About 14%of Ice- land consists of lakes and glaciers.Only about 24% of the country has plants or vegetation of any kind, which covers a vast area in the south of the country. Iceland was settled in the late 800s and early 900s by Norsemen from the Scandinavian country of 。5 英语·选择性必修第四册 Norway.Other settlers also came from Ireland and Scotland.From the 13th century to 1918,Iceland was part of the Norwegian and later Danish monar- chies.For most of that time,the small Icelandic population depended upon fishing and farming to make a living.For hundreds of years,Iceland was one of the poorest and least developed countries in the world.After World War lI,international aid and industrialisation of the fishing industry turned Iceland into one of the wealthiest countries in the world.In 1994,Iceland became part of the Europe- an Economic Area(欧洲经济区)，which allowed its economy to grow even faster. Iceland boasts one of the youngest islands in the world.Surtsey rose out of the ocean during a series of volcanic eruptions between 1963 and 1968.To- day,only scientists who study the growth of new life can occasionally visit the volcanic island of Surt- sey. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文，介绍了北欧国 家—一冰岛的地理位置、气候以及历史等信息。 5.What can we know about Iceland according to the passage? A.It lies in the Arctic Circle. B.Its capital city is very crowded. C.Many people live in the east. D.It has a fairly mild temperature. 解析：D[细节理解题。根据第一段中的Iceland actually has a temperate climate可知，冰岛气候温 和，故选D项。] 6.What is mainly talked about in the third para- graph? A.Iceland's history. B.Iceland's geography. C.Iceland's population. D.Iceland's politics. 解析：A[主旨大意题。根据第三段内容，特别是 Iceland was settled in the late 800s and early 900s by Norsemen from the Scandinavian country of Norway.Other settlers also came from Ireland and Scotland.From the 13th century to 1918, Iceland was part of the Norwegian and later Dan- ish monarchies..可知，本段主要介绍的是冰岛的 历史，故选A项。] 7.What can we infer about Surtsey from the last paragraph? A.People there live on fishing. B.No human beings live there at all. C.There are many visitors. D.Science is developing fast there. UNIT 2 ICONIC ATTRACTIONS 解析：B[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的T0 day,only scientists who study the growth of new life can occasionally visit the volcanic island of Surtsey.可知，现在，只有研究新生命的成长的科 学家才会偶尔造访火山岛叙尔特塞，由此可推断， 叙尔特塞岛上根本没有人类居住，故选B项。] Ⅱ.阅读填句 Rivers play an important role on Earth,and we can't imagine what the Earth would be like without rivers.1 With a length of about 6,650 kilometres,the Nile is the longest river in the world.The Nile River has been the source of human civilisation since ancient times.The Nile has two main branches-the White Nile and the Blue Nile.The White Nile starts from the Great Lakes region of East and Central Af- rica through Lake Victoria.2 The Blue Nile carries with it a lot of fertile soil which turns out to be very important to farming in Egypt. The Amazon River is the world's largest river with a width of about 40 kilometres during the rainy season but about 10 kilometres wide when it is not flooded.The Amazon River has such a big water volume that it accounts for more than 20%of all the world's fresh water-far more than any other river. 3 The main Amazon River flows mostly through Brazil and Peru but its tributaries ()can also be found in many other countries. 4 It has a depth of about 220 metres.Its length is 4,700 kilometres.The sources of the Con- go River are in the highlands and mountains in the East African Rift.It's the second largest river in terms of water volume.5 The Congo Basin 果盆地)is the catchment area(集水区域)of the Congo River.It lies in both north and south of the equator,making its flow very stable as there are al- ways some tributaries experiencing a rainy season at any time. A.Some of them are worth mentioning. B.The Congo River is the world's deepest river. C.Do you know which is the deepest river in the world? D.The Blue Nile originates from(发源于)Iake Tana in Ethiopia. E.Without rivers,there would be no living things in and along them. F.And it flows through the second largest rainforest in the world. G.Streams that begin in the Andes Mountains are its sources. 五维课堂卫 [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。河流在地球上扮 演着重要的角色，我们无法想象没有河流，地球会是 什么样子。本文主要介绍了尼罗河、亚马孙河和刚 果河。 1.解析：A[本空为首段末句，文章开篇点题说riv- ers,根据中间三段分别讲述最长、最大和最深的河 流可知，本句引起下文，A项“其中一些河流值得一 提”符合语境，故选A项。] 2.解析：D[本段第三句讲尼罗河有白尼罗河和青 尼罗河两个支流。第四句讲白尼罗河的发源地，第 六句讲青尼罗河对人类的贡献，由此可判断设空处 讲青尼罗河的发源地。故选D项。] 3.解析：G[本段介绍亚马孙河，设空处后一句The main Amazon River flows mostly through Brazil and Peru but..讲了亚马孙河流经的地方，因此设 空处应该描述它的发源地，故选G项。] 4.解析：B[根据本段中多次出现的the Congo Riv- r可知，本段介绍刚果河。又因设空处后一句提到 了它的深度，可知B项“刚果河是世界上最深的河 流”符合语境。门 5.解析：F[设空处前一句It's the second largest river in terms of water volume.介绍了从水量上 来说，刚果河是世界第二大河；设空处后一句The Congo Basin is the catchment area of the Congo River..介绍了刚果盆地是刚果河的集水区域，故F 项“它流经世界第二大雨林”与上下文衔接紧密，符 合语境，都在介绍与刚果河有关的信息。] Ⅲ.语法填空 China's Liangzhu Archaeological Site 1 (declare)a World Heritage Site on Saturday by UNESCO's World Heritage Committee during its 43rd session in Baku,the capital of Azerbaijan. The site,2 is located in Yuhang District in Hangzhou City in China's eastern Zhejiang Prov- ince,showcases the civilisation of prehistoric rice agriculture between 3300 BC 3 2300 BC.The ruins of ancient Liangzhu City were discovered in 2007,and then large dam sites 4 (surround)the Liangzhu Ancient City were unearthed continuously after 2009.It was 5 (official)submitted to UNESCO in 2019,hoping to win 6 (recognise) as a World Cultural Heritage Site.The site 7 (include)archaeological remains and unearthed cul- tural relics of the Liangzhu Ancient City as well as a wetland that covers 8 area of 908.89 hectares in a plain river network.It is also found that the Lian- gzhu ancestors started to use characters about 5,000 years ago,1,000 years 9 (early)than previous- ly thought,according to Colin Renfrew,a retired professor of archaeology at the University of Cam- bridge. 世五维课堂 The World Heritage Committee added Liangzhu to the UNESCO list 10 (encourage)better pro- tection of the site,which is considered to be of"out- standing universal value"to humanity. [语篇解读]这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了联合国教 科文组织世界遗产委员会在阿塞拜疆的首都巴库举 行的第43届会议上宣布中国良渚古城遗址为世界遗 产，同时说明了良渚遗址的一些情况。 l.was declared[declare是谓语动词，与主语之间为 被动关系，且根据时间状语on Saturday可知，此处 为一般过去时，所以应用一般过去时的被动语态。 故填was declared。.] 2.which is located in Yuhang District in Hangzhou City..·为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行 词site,关系词在从句中作主语，故用关系代词 which。故填which。] 3.and[between..and..为固定短语，意为“在 …和…之间”。故填and。] 4.surrounding[句意为：良渚古城遗址于2007年被 发现，2009年以后，环绕良渚古城的大型水坝遗址 Section IⅢ Learn 要点。 [词汇精讲] 1.P16)the establishing of a new institution or organisation 新机构或组织的建立 establish vt.创立，设立；建立；证实，确定 ◆汇佳句感知] Our goal is to establish a new research centre in the North. 我们的目标是在北方建立一个新的研究中心。 Before we take any action we must establish the truth. 我们在采取任何行动之前必须弄清事实真相。 汇归纳拓展] establish contact/relations with... 与…建立联系/关系 establishment n.确立，建立 established adj.早已确立的；著名的 ◆[即学即练] [语法填空] ①He left his library and half of his estate(个人财 to the organisation,which were the biggest do- nation ever since its establishment (establish). 2The school has established a successful relation- ship with the local community. ·5 英语·选择性必修第四册 陆续出土。surround在此是非谓语动词，与其逻辑 主语dam sites之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形 式。故填surrounding。.] 5.officially[设空处修饰谓语was submitted,应用 副词，故填officially。] 6.recognition[此处作win的宾语，且表示“认可； 正式承认”，应用名词recognition。故填recogni- tion。 7.includes[include在此是主句谓语动词，与主句 主语是主动关系，且结合语境可知，此处描述客观 事实，应用一般现在时，主语为site,故谓语动词用 第三人称单数形式。故填includes。] 8.an[area为可数名词，此处表示泛指，应用不定冠 词，且area是发音以元音音素开头的单词。cover an area of指“占地面积”，故填an。] 9.earlier[根据空后的than previously thought可 知，此处应用比较级，故填earlier。] l0.to encourage[encourage在此是非谓语动词，且 作目的状语，应用不定式。故填to encourage。] ng about language 层层精析 对应学生讲义P37 [完成句子] 3 We would like to establish direct business rela- tionship with you. 我方希望与你方建立直接的商业关系。 2.(教材Pl6)Ethnic minority groups in China are often entitled to special funds from the govern- ment to help protect their cultural heritage. 中国的少数民族群体经常享有政府用来帮助保护 他们的文化遗产的专项资金。 entitle vt..使享有权利；使符合资格；给…命名（题名） ◆[佳句感知] You will be entitled to your pension when you reach 65. 你到65岁就有资格享受养老金。 Full-time employees are entitled to receive health in- surance. 全职雇员都有资格享受健康保险。 归纳拓展了 entitle sb.to sth.使某人享有…权利 be entitled to do sth.有资格做某事 ◆[即学即练] [语法填空] DHe is trying to recite a poem entitled (entitle) “Salt”.