精品解析：北京市房山区北京师范大学燕化附属中学2024-2025学年第一学期期中质量检测高一年级英语试卷

北师大燕化附中2024-2025学年第一学期期中质量检测 高一年级（英语） 本试卷共10页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷自行保留，答题卡上交。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节：完形填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 When I was 13, my only purpose was to become the star on our football team. That meant ___1___ Miller King, who was the best player at our school. Football season started in September and all summer long I worked out. I carried my football everywhere for ___2___. Just before September, Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm. I went to see him after he came back from ___3___. He looked very pale, but he didn’t cry. That season, I broke all of Miller’s records while he watched the games from the bench. We went 10:1 and I was named most valuable player, ___4___ I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller’s accident. One afternoon, I was crossing the field to go home and saw Miller ___5___ when he was going over a fence — which wasn’t hard to climb if you had both arms. I’m sure I was the last person in the world he wanted to accept ___6___ from. But even that challenge he accepted, I helped him move slowly over the fence. When we were finally safe on the other side, he said to me, “You know, I didn’t tell you this during the season, but you did ___7___. Thank you for filling in for me.” His words freed me from my bad ___8___. I thought to myself, how even without an arm he was more of a leader. Damaged but not defeated, he was still ahead of me. I was right to have ___9___ him. From that day on, I grew _____10_____ and a little more real. 1. A. cheering for B. relying on C. beating out D. staying with 2. A. comfort B. show C. practice D. pleasure 3. A. school B. hospital C. vacation D. training 4. A. and B. then C. thus D. but 5. A. stuck B. hurt C. broken D. lost 6. A. apology B. praise C. advice D. help 7. A. fine B. wrong C. quickly D. normally 8. A. memories B. ideas C. attitudes D. dreams 9. A. cured B. admired C. challenged D. invited 10. A. healthier B. cooler C. bigger D. cleverer 【答案】1. C 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. A 6. D 7. A 8. D 9. B 10. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者13岁时一心想打败学校最棒的足球队员Miller King成为球队明星，在Miller因车祸失去右臂后，作者打破了他所有纪录并成为最有价值球员，但内心一直充满愧疚。直到Miller接受并肯定了作者的帮助与表现，作者才走出心理阴影，变得更加成熟、真实。 【1题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：那意味着要打败Miller King，我们学校最优秀的球员。A. cheering for为……欢呼；B. relying on依靠；C. beating out打败；D. staying with和……待在一起。根据上文“my only purpose was to become the star on our football team”可知，作者想成为球队明星，就需要打败当时最优秀的球员Miller King。故选C。 【2题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：整个夏天我都在训练，走到哪里都带着足球练习。A. comfort安慰；B. show展示；C. practice练习；D. pleasure乐趣。根据上文“all summer long I worked out”可知，作者为了实现目标，随身带着足球进行练习。故选C。 【3题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：就在九月之前，Miller被车撞了，失去了右臂。他从医院回来后我去看了他。A. school学校；B. hospital医院；C. vacation假期；D. training训练。根据上文“Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm”可知，Miller遭遇车祸受伤，应该是从医院回来。故选B。 【4题详解】 考查连词词义辨析。句意：我们打出了10胜1负的战绩，我被评为最有价值球员，但我经常做噩梦，梦见自己要为Miller的事故负责。A. and和；B. then然后；C. thus因此；D. but但是。根据上文“I was named most valuable player”与下文“I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller’s accident”可知，前后为转折关系。故选D。 【5题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一天下午，我正穿过田野回家，看见Miller在过栅栏时卡住了——如果有两只胳膊，爬过这个栅栏并不难。A. stuck卡住的；B. hurt受伤的；C. broken破碎的；D. lost迷路的。根据下文“which wasn’t hard to climb if you had both arms”可知，Miller因为失去一只胳膊，过栅栏时被卡住了。故选A。 【6题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我确信他最不想接受我的帮助。A. apology道歉；B. praise赞扬；C. advice建议；D. help帮助。根据上文语境和下文“I helped him move slowly over the fence”可知，作者帮助了Miller，此处指作者认为Miller不想接受他的帮助。故选D。 【7题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：你知道，这个赛季我没有告诉你，但你做得很好。A. fine很好地；B. wrong错误地；C. quickly快速地；D. normally正常地。根据上文“I broke all of Miller’s records”以及下文“Thank you for filling in for me”可知，Miller肯定了作者的表现，认为作者做得很好。故选A。 【8题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的话让我从噩梦中解脱出来。A. memories记忆；B. ideas想法；C. attitudes态度；D. dreams梦。根据上文“I often had crazy dreams”可知，Miller的话让作者摆脱了之前的噩梦。故选D。 【9题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我曾经钦佩他是对的。A. cured治愈；B. admired钦佩；C. challenged挑战；D. invited邀请。根据上文“Miller King, who was the best player at our school”以及“Damaged but not defeated, he was still ahead of me”可知，作者一直钦佩Miller。故选B。 【10题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从那天起，我长大了，变得更真实了一点。A. healthier更健康的；B. cooler更酷的；C. bigger更大的，更成熟的；D. cleverer更聪明的。根据上文作者从愧疚中解脱、理解了真正的领袖精神可知，作者的心智变得更加成熟，grew bigger表示心智成长、变得成熟。故选C。 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 After I had pictured it over and over again in my mind, the big day ____11____ (final) arrived: my first day at senior high! I ____12____ (wake) up early and rushed out of the door in my eagerness to get to know my new school. The campus was still quiet ____13____ I arrived, so I decided to explore a bit. 【答案】11. finally 12 woke 13. when 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者上高中第一天的经历，作者反复憧憬后终于迎来高中第一天，早早起床探索新校园。 【11题详解】 考查副词。句意：在我脑海里一遍又一遍地想象之后，这个重要的日子终于到来了：我上高中的第一天！修饰动词arrived，应用副词形式，final的副词形式是finally，表示“终于”。故填finally。 【12题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：我醒得很早，冲出门去，渴望了解我的新学校。根据后文and rushed可知，此处与rushed为并列谓语，应用一般过去时，wake的过去式是woke。故填woke。 【13题详解】 考查状语从句。句意：当我到达时，校园还很安静，所以我决定探索一下。此处引导时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”，应用连词when。故填when。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Zhang Tian graduated ____14____ university and got a teacher’s certificate last year. His friends ____15____ grew up with him all left his hometown for work in Shanghai or Beijing but Zhang Tian felt differently, however. He chose to start a new lifestyle and became a volunteer teacher in a village school. He enjoyed ____16____ (work) with the children there and he felt ____17____ (satisfy) to see that his students were able to read, speak and write in English. 【答案】14. from 15. who##that 16. working 17. satisfied 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了张天大学毕业后没有和朋友一样去大城市工作，而是选择去乡村当支教老师，在和孩子们相处过程中收获满足与快乐的故事。 【14题详解】 考查介词。句意：张天去年大学毕业并获得了教师资格证。graduate from为固定搭配，表示“从……毕业”，故填from。 【15题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：和他一起长大的朋友们都离开家乡去上海或北京工作了，但张天的感受却不同。“_____ grew up with him”为定语从句，先行词是His friends，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who/that引导限制性定语从句，故填who/that。 【16题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他喜欢和那里的孩子们一起工作，看到学生们能用英语读、说、写，他感到很满足。enjoy doing sth.为固定搭配，表示“喜欢做某事”，用动名词working作宾语，故填working。 【17题详解】 考查形容词。句意：他喜欢和那里的孩子们一起工作，看到学生们能用英语读、说、写，他感到很满足。此处修饰人，表示“感到满足的”，应用-ed形式形容词satisfied，作表语，故填satisfied。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Rules help us live together in a community. At my local park, there is a sign that reads, “Keep off the grass.” Because our community has a need for a nice green space to relax, we are expected ____18____ (keep) our park clean and in good condition for everyone’s enjoyment. If one breaks the rules, more people ____19____ (follow) him and do what they want. In a community, rules are in place to protect everyone. What we do and ____20____ we act affect everyone, not just ourselves. 【答案】18. to keep 19. will follow 20. how 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要阐述了规则在社区生活中的重要作用，说明规则能保护公共环境、维护公共秩序，每个人的行为都会影响身边的人。 【18题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：我们的社区需要有一个美丽的绿色空间来放松，因此大家被期望保持公园干净整洁、状态良好，以供每个人享用。be expected to do sth.为固定搭配，表示“被期望做某事”，故填to keep。 19题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：如果有人违反规则，更多的人就会效仿他，随心所欲行事。在if引导的条件状语从句中，遵循“主将从现”原则，从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时，故填will follow。 【20题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：我们做什么、我们如何行事都会影响到每个人，而不仅仅是我们自己。此处与What we do并列作主语，引导主语从句，表示“如何”，应用连接副词how，故填how。 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Many places around the world host marathons that aim to provide their runners with a special experience. If you’re planning to run a race，check out some of these beautiful marathon destinations. Inca Trail Marathon Are you up for a challenge? Hosted at Cusco, Peru, the Inca Trail Marathon is regarded as one of the most difficult marathons in the world. With Cusco’s rich history of being once the capital of the Inca Empire, participants can explore several ancient archeological sites. During the run, participants will get to see the surprising landscape of the “Lost City of the Incas”, Machu Picchu, and the Sacred Valley. Athens Marathon Held in Greece, the Athens Marathon is perfect for those of you who are interested in history mythology (神话), and architecture. There are many tourist spots and historic sites to visit like the Parthenon and the Acropolis of Athens. During the race, audience will be cheering on the participants creating an atmosphere similar to the Olympics. Big Sur International Marathon Held at Carmel，California，the Big Sur International Marathon is known as the world’s largest rural marathon. Before the race，participants generally visit the world — famous Monterey Bay Aquarium (水族馆), which owns rich animals. The Julia Pfeiffer Burns State Park is another attraction stretching from 3,000-foot mountain ridges (山脉) to underwater canyons and rocky seaside cliffs. Big Five Marathon Located at Limpopo, South Africa, participants can explore and check out the wildlife of the African savannah. The marathon is held in one of the “Big Five” game reserves in Africa. There are no fences or rivers that separate the runners from the African wildlife. Make sure to keep your mind clear You might find an elephant or even find yourself running alongside giraffes. 21. What can participants do at the Inca Trail Marathon? A. They can make the best performance. B. They can enjoy ancient architecture. C. They can learn about the Inca Empire. D. They run through the Sacred Valley. 22. What do participants often do before the Big Sur International Marathon starts? A. They go up 3,000-foot mountain ridges. B. They see all kinds of sea creatures. C. They visit underwater canyons. D. They climb rocky seaside cliffs. 23. Which are you advised to take part in if you are interested in buildings? A. The Athens Marathon. B. The Inca Trail Marathon. C. The Big Sur International Marathon. D. The Big Five Marathon. 【答案】21. B 22. B 23. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。世界各地的许多地方都举办马拉松，旨在为跑步者提供一种特殊的体验。如果你打算参加比赛，文章推荐了一些较好的马拉松比赛目的地。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据Inca Trail Marathon部分中的“With Cusco’s rich history of being once the capital of the Inca Empire, participants can explore several ancient archeological sites.(库斯科历史悠久，曾经是印加帝国的首都，参加者可以探索几个古代考古遗址)”可知，参加印加古道马拉松的人可以欣赏古代建筑。故选B。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据Big Sur International Marathon部分中的“Before the race, participants generally visit the world-famous Monterey Bay Aquarium (水族馆), which owns rich animals.(赛前，参加者一般会参观世界著名的蒙特利湾水族馆，那里拥有丰富的动物)”可知，在大苏尔国际马拉松比赛开始前，参加者经常可以看到各种各样的海洋生物。故选B。 23题详解】 细节理解题。根据Athens Marathon部分中的“Held in Greece, the Athens Marathon is perfect for those of you who are interested in history,mythology, and architecture.(雅典马拉松在希腊举行，非常适合对历史、神话和建筑感兴趣的人)”可知，如果你对建筑物感兴趣，建议你参加雅典马拉松。故选A。 B Three months after Hurricane Katrina in 2005, Rebecca Sell, a photographer and reporter, photographed a New Orleans couple worriedly examining photo collections. As she took the photo, a thought flashed through her mind. “I told them I could take the ruined/destroyed pictures, copy them and give them digitally restored (修复) photos,” she recalls. Although a bit sceptical/doubt, the couple agreed. Rebecca took their photos home, restored them and took them to the couple at their home. “It felt so good to be able to do that for them,” says Rebecca. When her editor, Dave Ellis, saw the photo of the couple, he suggested they go back and restore destroyed photos for even more people. So in January 2006, with paid time off from the paper, the two set up Operation Photo Rescue in Pass Christian. After posting a notice in the community newsletter, Rebecca and Dave received 500 photos in four days. For each, the pair took a new digital picture, then used high-tech software to erase/remove the water spots/mud and restore colors. It just so happened that a popular website mentioned the experience, and soon Operation Photo Rescue had emails from hundreds of volunteers, including photographers and restoration experts, eager to help. Though digital restoration is a painstaking process, mending valuable family pictures means the world to victims like Emily Lancaster, 71, who took out lots of destroyed photo collections after Katrina, never thinking the mess could be saved. But she just couldn’t lose a few treasured pictures, including a picture of her father, who had passed away, and a photo of her husband as a boy. Then she heard about Operation Photo Rescue. “I didn’t have a whole lot of hope they could fix them, but they did,” Emily says. “Almost every day I think about all the pictures I’ve lost. I’m so happy to have these two.” In the five years since Katrina, Operation Photo Rescue has collected thousands of pictures. Volunteers make “copy runs” to areas across the country to gather destroyed photos. “It’s great to be able to give people some of their history back,” says Rebecca. “One person told me that thanks to us, her grandmother got to see her photos again before she passed away. Things like that remind me why I do this.” 24. When Rebecca took the picture of the New Orleans couple, she decided to ______. A. take them to their temporary home B. set up shop in Pass Christian C. fight against Hurricane Katrina D. help with their destroyed photos 25. From Paragraph 2, we know that Dave and Rebecca ______. A. quit their jobs in 2006 B. spent four days mending the photos C. inspired volunteers to join them D. made their work known in their newspaper 26. How did Emily Lancaster feel when she first heard about Operation Photo Rescue? A. Sceptical/Unsure. B. Satisfied. . C. Excited D. Hopeless 27. What is the best title for the passage? A. Run away from Hurricanes B. Saving Memories C An Act of patience D. A Lucky Couple 【答案】24. B 25. C 26. A 27. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙写了摄影记者丽贝卡塞尔和编辑戴夫埃利斯通过照片修复，他们让很多人丢失的记忆得到恢复，同时，也赢得了人们的肯定。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段““I told them I could take the ruined/destroyed pictures, copy them and give them digitally restored (修复) photos,” she recalls. (“我告诉他们，我可以把毁坏的照片复制出来，然后给他们数码修复的照片，”她回忆说)”可知，摄影记者丽贝卡塞尔会帮助他们修复受损的照片。故选B。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“It just so happened that a popular website mentioned the experience, and soon Operation Photo Rescue had emails from hundreds of volunteers, including photographers and restoration experts, eager to help. (碰巧，一个热门网站提到了这次经历，很快，“照片救援行动”收到了数百名志愿者的电子邮件，其中包括摄影师和修复专家，他们渴望提供帮助)”可知，他们的行动鼓舞了其他的志愿者加入。故选C。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段““I didn’t have a whole lot of hope they could fix them, but they did,” Emily says. (“我不抱太大希望他们能修好它们，但他们修好了，”艾米丽说)”可推知，艾米丽最初对能够修复照片是怀疑的，不确定的。故选A。 【27题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“ “It’s great to be able to give people some of their history back,” says Rebecca. “One person told me that thanks to us, her grandmother got to see her photos again before she passed away. Things like that remind me why I do this.” (“能够把他们的一些历史还给人们真是太棒了，”丽贝卡说。“一个人告诉我，多亏了我们，她的祖母在去世前又看到了她的照片。这样的事情提醒我为什么要做这件事。”) ”可知，通过照片修复，他们让很多人丢失的记忆得到恢复，同时，也赢得了人们的肯定。由此可知，B选项“保存记忆”适合作本文最佳标题。故选B。 C Recently, environmentalists have encouraged us to buy local food. This reduces “food miles”, that is, the distance food travels to get from the producer to the seller. They reason that the higher the food miles, the more carbon emissions (碳排放). Buying local. food, therefore, has a lower carbon footprint and is more environmentally friendly. However, the real story is not as simple as that. If our aim is to reduce carbon emissions, we must look at the whole farming process, not just transportation. According to a 2008 study, only 11% of carbon emissions in the food production process result from transportation, and only 4% came from the final delivery (运输) of the product from the producer to the seller. In fact, imported food from other countries often has a lower carbon footprint than locally grown food. Take apples, for example. In autumn, when apples are harvested, the best thing for British people to do is to buy British apples. However, the apples we buy in winter or spring have been kept refrigerated for months, and this uses up a lot of energy. In spring, therefore, it is more energy-saving to import them from New Zealand, where they are in season. Heating also uses a lot of energy, which is why growing tomatoes in heated greenhouses in the UK is less environmentally friendly than importing them from Spain, where the tomatoes grow well in the local climate. We must also take into consideration the type of transport. Transporting food by air creates about 50 times more emissions than shipping it. However, only a small number of goods are flown to foreign countries, and these are usually high value, perishable (易腐烂的) goods which we cannot produce locally, such as seafood and out-of-season berries. Even then, these foods may not have a higher carbon footprint than locally grown food. For example, beans flown in from Kenya are grown in sunny fields using human labour and natural fertilisers (肥料), unlike in Britain, where we use oil-based fertilisers and machinery. Therefore, the total carbon footprint is still lower. It’s also worth remembering that a product’s journey does not end at the supermarket. The distance customers travel to buy their food, and the kind of transport they use will also add to its carbon footprint. So driving a long way to shop for food will wipe out any environmental benefits of buying locally grown produce. Recently, some supermarkets have been trying to raise awareness of food miles by labelling (标记) foods with stickers that show it has been imported by air. But the message this gives is too simple. Lots of different factors contribute to a food’s carbon footprint besides the distance it has travelled. 28. What can we learn about “food miles”? A. It influences how people deliver and transport food. B. It will increase if people are encouraged to buy local food. C. It is the key factor contributing to a food’s carbon emissions. D. It shows how far the food goes from farmland to supermarkets. 29. The author will probably agree that ________. A. transporting food by air is the most energy-saving type of shipping B. storing local food creates more carbon emissions than importing food C. human labour and natural fertilisers can increase the carbon footprint D. growing out-of-season food takes less energy than importing food in season 30. What is the author’s attitude towards cutting food miles to reduce carbon emissions? A. Supportive. B. Confused. C. Negative. D. Doubtful. 【答案】28. D 29. B 30. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章就“减少食物里程来减少碳排放”这一观点进行讨论。作者认为：要想减少碳排放，不仅仅要减少食物里程，更要着眼于整个农业过程以及其他的多方面因素。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“This reduces “food miles”, that is, the distance food travels to get from the producer to the seller. (这减少了“食物里程”，即食物从生产者到卖方的距离。)”可知，“食物里程”指的是食物从生产者到卖方的距离，即它显示了食物从农田到超市的距离。故选D。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“However, the apples we buy in winter or spring have been kept refrigerated for months, and this uses up a lot of energy. In spring, therefore, it is more energy-saving to import them from New Zealand, where they are in season.(然而，我们在冬天或春天买的苹果已经冷藏了几个月，这消耗了大量的能量。因此，在春季，从新西兰进口它们更节能，因为新西兰正是生产苹果的季节。)”可知，作者以苹果为例说明了存储当地食物会消耗更多的能量，产生更多的碳排放，但是进口当季食物可能更节能。故可以推断，作者可能会同意存储当地食物要比进口食物产生更多的碳排放。故选B。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Recently, environmentalists have encouraged us to buy local food. This reduces “food miles”, that is, the distance food travels to get from the producer to the seller.(最近，环保主义者鼓励我们购买当地的食物。这减少了“食物里程”，即食物从生产者到卖方的距离。) ”以及第二段中“However, the real story is not as simple as that. If our aim is to reduce carbon emissions, we must look at the whole farming process, not just transportation.(然而，真实的故事并没有那么简单。如果我们的目标是减少碳排放，我们必须关注整个农业过程，而不仅仅是运输。)”，可知，作者否定了前文环保主义者的观点，作者认为“减少食物里程以减少碳排放”是不够的，作者强调，要想减少碳排放，不仅仅要减少食物里程，还要考虑整个农业过程。由此推断，作者持有的是否定态度。故选C。 D Most of us probably have told a lie at one time or another. Some lies are harmful. Some are mostly harmless. Still other lies may even be created with kindness. But whatever kind of lie you tell, it takes surprising brainpower to pull it off. Lying also can have unwanted influences, too. When you tell the truth, you think of what you want to say and just say it. However, lying takes much more work-you have to come up with a story and remember it. A lot of that work is done in a brain area called the prefrontal cortex. It’s responsible for working memory and executive function (执行功能) tasks such as planning, problem-solving and self-control. Working memory keeps things in mind just for a little while as you’re using them. Executive function comes into play when you use self-control to keep from blurting out (脱口而出) the facts that would uncover your lie. It helps you recall all the details of a lie to make sure that it sounds believable. It also lets you think a step or two ahead to make sure the lie you’re telling will likely hold up to questioning. Calling on your executive function this way uses up a lot of brainpower. Vendemia, a neuroscientist at the University of South Carolina, did a research and has found that people’s mental workload will be heavier and their reaction time longer when they lie. Worse still, when the prefrontal cortex is busy with tasks related to lying, she notes, it has a harder time doing other tasks such as making a study plan or using self-control to keep from spending too much time on computer games. Lying has social influences, too. Even the kindest lies can sometimes be risky and often backfire. When you give dishonest praise, you may make your friends feel good at first. But if you do it often enough, they’ll soon learn that they can’t trust your praise. People generally value honesty and don’t like liars, so if you are viewed as untrustworthy, it can be bad for your relationships. It’s widely agreed that nearly all cultures value honesty, and now science is revealing how dishonesty influences the brain and your ability to build the trust on which strong relationships depend. So, even when lying doesn’t stretch your nose, it still comes at a price that you can’t afford. 31. The second paragraph is mainly about ________. A. why self-control benefits the brain B. what social influences lying can bring C. how the brain works when people lie D. when executive function comes into play 32. What can we learn about lying from the passage? A. Lying improves working memory. B. Covering lies takes much brainpower. C. People’s reaction can be sped up by lying. D. The nature of lies is decided by the brain. 33. The underlined word “backfire” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________” A. lead to serious accidents B. help to win full support C. build up strong relationships D. have the opposite effect 34. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Costs of Lying B. Signs of Lying C. Causes of Lies D. Types of Lies 【答案】31. C 32. B 33. D 34. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要从大脑运作、脑力消耗以及社交影响等方面，介绍了说谎所带来的代价，揭示了说谎不仅耗费脑力，还会破坏人际关系。 【31题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段“However, lying takes much more work-you have to come up with a story and remember it. A lot of that work is done in a brain area called the prefrontal cortex (然而，说谎需要付出更多努力——你必须编造一个故事并记住它。大部分工作由大脑中一个叫做前额叶皮层的区域完成)”以及后文对该区域功能的介绍可知，本段主要讲解人们说谎时大脑是如何工作的。故选C。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“But whatever kind of lie you tell, it takes surprising brainpower to pull it off (但无论你说哪种谎言，都需要惊人的脑力才能做到)”以及第三段内容“Calling on your executive function this way uses up a lot of brainpower (以这种方式调用你的执行功能会消耗大量脑力)”可知，掩盖谎言需要耗费大量脑力。故选B。 【33题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第四段“Even the kindest lies can sometimes be risky and often backfire. When you give dishonest praise, you may make your friends feel good at first. But if you do it often enough, they'll soon learn that they can't trust your praise (即使是最善意的谎言有时也有风险，并且往往会 backfire。当你给出不诚实的赞美时，起初可能会让你的朋友感觉良好。但如果经常这样做，他们很快就会知道不能相信你的赞美)”可知，善意的谎言最初效果很好，但最终会产生相反的结果，“backfire”意为“产生相反效果、事与愿违”。故选D。 【34题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要阐述了说谎会消耗大量脑力，影响大脑的其他功能，还会破坏人际关系，几乎所有文化都重视诚实，说谎是要付出代价的。A选项“说谎的代价”，能够概括文章主旨。故选A。 第二节（共5题；每小题2分，满分10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 The Secrets of Happiness Most people want to be happy, but few know how to find happiness. Money and success alone do not bring lasting happiness. Aristotle, a Greek philosopher, said, “Happiness depends upon ourselves.” ____35____ Here are a few suggestions to help you be happier. ____36____ Too often, we spend so much time thinking about the future — for example, getting into college or getting a good job — that we fail to enjoy the present. You should enjoy life’s simple pleasures, such as reading a good book, listening to your favorite music, or spending time with close friends. ____37____ Another secret to leading a happy life is to be active, and have hobbies where you forget your problems and lose track of time. ____38____ Many people experience this by dancing, or playing a sport, such as snowboarding or soccer. ____39____ According to studies people feel good when they volunteer their time to help others. If you want to feel happier, do something nice for someone. You can help a friend with his or her studies, go shopping to buy food for an elderly relative, or simply help out around the house by washing the dishes. A. In other words, we make our own happiness. B. Many people find happiness in helping others. C. Some people find happiness in achievements in career. D. The secret of happiness is to enjoy the simple things in life. E. The secret of happiness lies in having a clear goal of life and work F. You can forget about your problems, and only think about the activity. G. People who have several close friends tend to live happier and healthier lives. 【答案】35. A 36. D 37. G 38. F 39. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了幸福的秘诀，指出金钱和成功并不能带来持久的幸福，并从享受生活中的简单小事、保持积极活跃的状态、帮助他人三个方面给出了获得幸福的具体建议。 【35题详解】 上文“Aristotle, a Greek philosopher, said, “Happiness depends upon ourselves.”(希腊哲学家亚里士多德说过：“幸福取决于我们自己。”)”引用名言说明幸福由我们自己决定。选项A“换句话说，我们创造自己的幸福。”，是对上文名言的同义解释。故选A。 【36题详解】 下文“Too often, we spend so much time thinking about the future — for example, getting into college or getting a good job — that we fail to enjoy the present. You should enjoy life’s simple pleasures, such as reading a good book, listening to your favorite music, or spending time with close friends.(我们常常花太多时间思考未来——比如考上大学或者找到一份好工作——以至于无法享受当下。你应该享受生活中简单的乐趣，比如读一本好书，听你最喜欢的音乐，或者和亲密的朋友共度时光。)”强调要享受生活中简单的快乐。选项D“幸福的秘诀是享受生活中的简单小事。”，精准概括本段核心内容，作为主旨句总领全段。故选D。 【37题详解】 上文“You should enjoy life’s simple pleasures, such as reading a good book, listening to your favorite music, or spending time with close friends.(你应该享受生活中简单的乐趣，比如读一本好书，听你最喜欢的音乐，或者和亲密的朋友共度时光。)”提到和亲密的朋友在一起是简单的快乐之一。选项G“拥有几个亲密朋友的人往往会过着更幸福、更健康的生活。”，承接上文关于亲密朋友的内容，进一步说明朋友对幸福的重要性，符合语境。故选G。 【38题详解】 上文“Another secret to leading a happy life is to be active, and have hobbies where you forget your problems and lose track of time.(过上幸福生活的另一个秘诀是积极活跃，拥有能让你忘记烦恼、忘却时间的爱好。)”指出爱好能让人忘记烦恼。下文“Many people experience this by dancing, or playing a sport, such as snowboarding or soccer.(许多人通过跳舞或进行运动，比如单板滑雪或足球，来体验这种感觉。)”举例说明具体的爱好。选项F“你可以忘记你的烦恼，只专注于这项活动。”，承接上文爱好让人忘记烦恼的观点，与上下文衔接紧密，符合语境。故选F。 【39题详解】 下文“According to studies people feel good when they volunteer their time to help others. If you want to feel happier, do something nice for someone.(研究表明，当人们自愿花时间帮助他人时，他们会感觉很好。如果你想更幸福，就为别人做些好事。)”说明帮助他人能让人感到幸福。选项B“许多人在帮助他人中找到幸福。”，精准概括本段核心内容，作为主旨句总领全段，符合语境。故选B。 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题，第40, 41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题纸指定区域作答。 The Freshmen Challenge Hi! My name is Adam and I’m a freshman at senior high school. Going from junior high school to senior high school is a really big challenge. The first week was a little confusing. First, I had to think very carefully about which courses I wanted to take. The school adviser helped me choose the suitable ones: maths, English, chemistry, world history and Chinese. I know that Chinese is a very difficult language, but I hope to be fluent when I graduate. My adviser recommended that I should sign up for advanced literature because I like English and I’m good at it. I had to choose extra-curricular activities, too. I tried to join the school football team, but the coach told me that I didn’t play well enough. Obviously, I was unhappy, but I won’t quit. I’ll find a way to improve on my own so that I can make the team next year. I joined a volunteer club instead. Every Wednesday, we work at a soup kitchen and hand out food to homeless people in the community. I know I’ll have to study harder as a senior high school student and get used to being responsible for a lot more. I’m a bit worried about keeping up with the other students in my advanced course, and it’ll be quite difficult to get used to all the homework. Still. I’m happy to be here. 40. What courses did Adam choose? _____________________________________________________________ 41. What is Adam worried about? _____________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Adam thinks that it’ll be quite difficult to get used to all the homework, so he wants to quit. _____________________________________________________________ 43. What challenges are you facing? How do you deal with them? (In about 40 words) _____________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. Maths, English, chemistry, world history, Chinese and advanced literature. 41. He is worried about keeping up with other students in his advanced course and getting used to all the homework. 42. Adam thinks that it’ll be quite difficult to get used to all the homework, so he wants to quit. Reason: Adam thinks it’ll be difficult to get used to all the homework, but he is still happy to be in senior high school and never wants to quit. 43. I find it hard to manage my time between study and hobbies. I make a careful plan every day and spend most of my time on lessons first, then enjoy hobbies for a short time to relax. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者亚当讲述了自己作为高一新生面对高中生活的挑战，包括选课、参加课外活动、适应高中学习压力等内容，展现了新生的困惑与积极的心态。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据文中第二段内容“The school adviser helped me choose the suitable ones: maths, English, chemistry, world history and Chinese. My adviser recommended that I should sign up for advanced literature. (学校顾问帮我选择了合适的课程：数学、英语、化学、世界史和中文。我的顾问建议我报名高级文学课。)”可知，亚当选择的课程为数学、英语、化学、世界史、中文和高级文学，故答案为：Maths, English, chemistry, world history, Chinese and advanced literature. 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据文中最后一段内容“I’m a bit worried about keeping up with the other students in my advanced course, and it’ll be quite difficult to get used to all the homework. (我有点担心在高级课程中跟不上其他学生，而且要适应所有的家庭作业会相当困难。)”可知，亚当担心在高级课程中跟不上其他学生以及适应所有的家庭作业，故答案为：He is worried about keeping up with other students in his advanced course and getting used to all the homework. 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。根据文中最后一段内容“it’ll be quite difficult to get used to all the homework. Still, I’m happy to be here. (要适应所有的家庭作业会相当困难。尽管如此，我还是很高兴来到这里。)”以及第三段内容“Obviously, I was unhappy, but I won’t quit. (显然，我很不开心，但我不会放弃。)”可知，亚当并没有因为作业难而想要放弃，故答案为：Adam thinks that it’ll be quite difficult to get used to all the homework, so he wants to quit. Reason: Adam thinks it’ll be difficult to get used to all the homework, but he is still happy to be in senior high school and never wants to quit. 【43题详解】 开放性试题。根据自身实际作答，内容合理，字数符合要求即可，可以说：我发现很难在学习和爱好之间安排时间。我每天都会制定一个周密的计划，首先把大部分时间花在上课上，然后在短时间内享受爱好以放松身心。故答案为：I find it hard to manage my time between study and hobbies. I make a careful plan every day and spend most of my time on lessons first, then enjoy hobbies for a short time to relax. 第二节 （20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高一（1）班学生李华。你的好友Jim在巴黎奥运会期间对体育运动产生了浓厚的兴趣，计划坚持一项运动达到强身健体的目的，他写信向你寻求建议。请你给他回信，内容包括： 1. 运动项目及益处； 2. 注意事项。 注意： 1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, I’m glad to hear you’ve become interested in sports during the Paris Olympics. I strongly recommend running. Running is a great choice. It not only builds up your body and improves your heart and lung health, but also helps you relax and reduce stress. Besides, it’s easy to keep on and costs almost nothing. However, there are some tips. Remember to warm up before running to avoid getting hurt. Don’t run right after meals. What’s more, keep exercising step by step. You can choose a comfortable time every day, such as after school or on weekends, to keep running. I’m sure you’ll get stronger and healthier. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考考生给好友Jim写一封回信，针对他想坚持一项运动强身健体的需求，推荐运动项目、说明益处并给出注意事项。 【详解】1.词汇积累 高兴的：glad → delighted 帮助：help → assist 压力：stress → pressure 选择：choose → select 2.句式拓展 合并句子 原句：Running is a great choice. It not only builds up your body and improves your heart and lung health, but also helps you relax and reduce stress. 拓展句：Running is a great choice, which not only builds up your body and improves your heart and lung health, but also helps you relax and reduce stress. 【点睛】【高分句型 1】It not only builds up your body and improves your heart and lung health, but also helps you relax and reduce stress.（运用了not only...but also... 并列结构） 【高分句型 2】Remember to warm up before running to avoid getting hurt.（不定式to avoid作目的状语） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 北师大燕化附中2024-2025学年第一学期期中质量检测 高一年级（英语） 本试卷共10页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷自行保留，答题卡上交。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节：完形填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 When I was 13, my only purpose was to become the star on our football team. That meant ___1___ Miller King, who was the best player at our school. Football season started in September and all summer long I worked out. I carried my football everywhere for ___2___. Just before September, Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm. I went to see him after he came back from ___3___. He looked very pale, but he didn’t cry. That season I broke all of Miller’s records while he watched the games from the bench. We went 10:1 and I was named most valuable player, ___4___ I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller’s accident. One afternoon I was crossing the field to go home and saw Miller ___5___ when he was going over a fence — which wasn’t hard to climb if you had both arms. I’m sure I was the last person in the world he wanted to accept ___6___ from. But even that challenge he accepted, I helped him move slowly over the fence. When we were finally safe on the other side, he said to me, “You know, I didn’t tell you this during the season, but you did ___7___. Thank you for filling in for me.” His words freed me from my bad ___8___. I thought to myself, how even without an arm he was more of a leader. Damaged but not defeated, he was still ahead of me. I was right to have ___9___ him. From that day on, I grew _____10_____ and a little more real. 1. A. cheering for B. relying on C. beating out D. staying with 2 A. comfort B. show C. practice D. pleasure 3. A. school B. hospital C. vacation D. training 4. A. and B. then C. thus D. but 5. A. stuck B. hurt C. broken D. lost 6. A. apology B. praise C. advice D. help 7. A. fine B. wrong C. quickly D. normally 8. A. memories B. ideas C. attitudes D. dreams 9. A. cured B. admired C. challenged D. invited 10. A. healthier B. cooler C. bigger D. cleverer 第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 After I had pictured it over and over again in my mind the big day ____11____ (final) arrived: my first day at senior high! I ____12____ (wake) up early and rushed out of the door in my eagerness to get to know my new school. The campus was still quiet ____13____ I arrived, so I decided to explore a bit. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Zhang Tian graduated ____14____ university and got a teacher’s certificate last year. His friends ____15____ grew up with him all left his hometown for work in Shanghai or Beijing but Zhang Tian felt differently, however. He chose to start a new lifestyle and became a volunteer teacher in a village school. He enjoyed ____16____ (work) with the children there and he felt ____17____ (satisfy) to see that his students were able to read, speak and write in English. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Rules help us live together in a community. At my local park, there is a sign that reads, “Keep off the grass.” Because our community has a need for a nice green space to relax, we are expected ____18____ (keep) our park clean and in good condition for everyone’s enjoyment. If one breaks the rules, more people ____19____ (follow) him and do what they want. In a community, rules are in place to protect everyone. What we do and ____20____ we act affect everyone, not just ourselves. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Many places around the world host marathons that aim to provide their runners with a special experience. If you’re planning to run a race，check out some of these beautiful marathon destinations. Inca Trail Marathon Are you up for a challenge? Hosted at Cusco, Peru, the Inca Trail Marathon is regarded as one of the most difficult marathons in the world. With Cusco’s rich history of being once the capital of the Inca Empire, participants can explore several ancient archeological sites. During the run, participants will get to see the surprising landscape of the “Lost City of the Incas”, Machu Picchu, and the Sacred Valley. Athens Marathon Held in Greece, the Athens Marathon is perfect for those of you who are interested in history mythology (神话), and architecture. There are many tourist spots and historic sites to visit like the Parthenon and the Acropolis of Athens. During the race, audience will be cheering on the participants creating an atmosphere similar to the Olympics. Big Sur International Marathon Held at Carmel，California，the Big Sur International Marathon is known as the world’s largest rural marathon. Before the race，participants generally visit the world — famous Monterey Bay Aquarium (水族馆), which owns rich animals. The Julia Pfeiffer Burns State Park is another attraction stretching from 3,000-foot mountain ridges (山脉) to underwater canyons and rocky seaside cliffs. Big Five Marathon Located at Limpopo, South Africa, participants can explore and check out the wildlife of the African savannah. The marathon is held in one of the “Big Five” game reserves in Africa. There are no fences or rivers that separate the runners from the African wildlife. Make sure to keep your mind clear You might find an elephant or even find yourself running alongside giraffes. 21. What can participants do at the Inca Trail Marathon? A. They can make the best performance. B. They can enjoy ancient architecture. C. They can learn about the Inca Empire. D They run through the Sacred Valley. 22. What do participants often do before the Big Sur International Marathon starts? A. They go up 3,000-foot mountain ridges. B. They see all kinds of sea creatures. C. They visit underwater canyons. D. They climb rocky seaside cliffs. 23. Which are you advised to take part in if you are interested in buildings? A. The Athens Marathon. B. The Inca Trail Marathon. C. The Big Sur International Marathon. D. The Big Five Marathon. B Three months after Hurricane Katrina in 2005, Rebecca Sell, a photographer and reporter, photographed a New Orleans couple worriedly examining photo collections. As she took the photo, a thought flashed through her mind. “I told them I could take the ruined/destroyed pictures, copy them and give them digitally restored (修复) photos,” she recalls. Although a bit sceptical/doubt, the couple agreed. Rebecca took their photos home, restored them and took them to the couple at their home. “It felt so good to be able to do that for them,” says Rebecca. When her editor, Dave Ellis, saw the photo of the couple, he suggested they go back and restore destroyed photos for even more people. So in January 2006, with paid time off from the paper, the two set up Operation Photo Rescue in Pass Christian. After posting a notice in the community newsletter, Rebecca and Dave received 500 photos in four days. For each, the pair took a new digital picture, then used high-tech software to erase/remove the water spots/mud and restore colors. It just so happened that a popular website mentioned the experience, and soon Operation Photo Rescue had emails from hundreds of volunteers, including photographers and restoration experts, eager to help. Though digital restoration is a painstaking process, mending valuable family pictures means the world to victims like Emily Lancaster, 71, who took out lots of destroyed photo collections after Katrina, never thinking the mess could be saved. But she just couldn’t lose a few treasured pictures, including a picture of her father, who had passed away, and a photo of her husband as a boy. Then she heard about Operation Photo Rescue. “I didn’t have a whole lot of hope they could fix them, but they did,” Emily says. “Almost every day I think about all the pictures I’ve lost. I’m so happy to have these two.” In the five years since Katrina, Operation Photo Rescue has collected thousands of pictures. Volunteers make “copy runs” to areas across the country to gather destroyed photos. “It’s great to be able to give people some of their history back,” says Rebecca. “One person told me that thanks to us, her grandmother got to see her photos again before she passed away. Things like that remind me why I do this.” 24. When Rebecca took the picture of the New Orleans couple, she decided to ______. A. take them to their temporary home B. set up shop in Pass Christian C. fight against Hurricane Katrina D. help with their destroyed photos 25. From Paragraph 2, we know that Dave and Rebecca ______. A. quit their jobs in 2006 B. spent four days mending the photos C. inspired volunteers to join them D. made their work known in their newspaper 26. How did Emily Lancaster feel when she first heard about Operation Photo Rescue? A. Sceptical/Unsure. B. Satisfied. . C. Excited D. Hopeless 27. What is the best title for the passage? A. Run away from Hurricanes B. Saving Memories C. An Act of patience D. A Lucky Couple C Recently, environmentalists have encouraged us to buy local food. This reduces “food miles”, that is, the distance food travels to get from the producer to the seller. They reason that the higher the food miles, the more carbon emissions (碳排放). Buying local. food, therefore, has a lower carbon footprint and is more environmentally friendly. However, the real story is not as simple as that. If our aim is to reduce carbon emissions, we must look at the whole farming process, not just transportation. According to a 2008 study, only 11% of carbon emissions in the food production process result from transportation, and only 4% came from the final delivery (运输) of the product from the producer to the seller. In fact, imported food from other countries often has a lower carbon footprint than locally grown food. Take apples, for example. In autumn, when apples are harvested, the best thing for British people to do is to buy British apples. However, the apples we buy in winter or spring have been kept refrigerated for months, and this uses up a lot of energy. In spring, therefore, it is more energy-saving to import them from New Zealand, where they are in season. Heating also uses a lot of energy, which is why growing tomatoes in heated greenhouses in the UK is less environmentally friendly than importing them from Spain, where the tomatoes grow well in the local climate. We must also take into consideration the type of transport. Transporting food by air creates about 50 times more emissions than shipping it. However, only a small number of goods are flown to foreign countries, and these are usually high value, perishable (易腐烂的) goods which we cannot produce locally, such as seafood and out-of-season berries. Even then, these foods may not have a higher carbon footprint than locally grown food. For example, beans flown in from Kenya are grown in sunny fields using human labour and natural fertilisers (肥料), unlike in Britain, where we use oil-based fertilisers and machinery. Therefore, the total carbon footprint is still lower. It’s also worth remembering that a product’s journey does not end at the supermarket. The distance customers travel to buy their food, and the kind of transport they use will also add to its carbon footprint. So driving a long way to shop for food will wipe out any environmental benefits of buying locally grown produce. Recently, some supermarkets have been trying to raise awareness of food miles by labelling (标记) foods with stickers that show it has been imported by air. But the message this gives is too simple. Lots of different factors contribute to a food’s carbon footprint besides the distance it has travelled. 28. What can we learn about “food miles”? A. It influences how people deliver and transport food. B. It will increase if people are encouraged to buy local food. C. It is the key factor contributing to a food’s carbon emissions. D. It shows how far the food goes from farmland to supermarkets. 29. The author will probably agree that ________. A. transporting food by air is the most energy-saving type of shipping B. storing local food creates more carbon emissions than importing food C. human labour and natural fertilisers can increase the carbon footprint D. growing out-of-season food takes less energy than importing food in season 30. What is the author’s attitude towards cutting food miles to reduce carbon emissions? A. Supportive. B. Confused. C. Negative. D. Doubtful. D Most of us probably have told a lie at one time or another. Some lies are harmful. Some are mostly harmless. Still other lies may even be created with kindness. But whatever kind of lie you tell, it takes surprising brainpower to pull it off. Lying also can have unwanted influences, too. When you tell the truth, you think of what you want to say and just say it. However, lying takes much more work-you have to come up with a story and remember it. A lot of that work is done in a brain area called the prefrontal cortex. It’s responsible for working memory and executive function (执行功能) tasks such as planning, problem-solving and self-control. Working memory keeps things in mind just for a little while as you’re using them. Executive function comes into play when you use self-control to keep from blurting out (脱口而出) the facts that would uncover your lie. It helps you recall all the details of a lie to make sure that it sounds believable. It also lets you think a step or two ahead to make sure the lie you’re telling will likely hold up to questioning. Calling on your executive function this way uses up a lot of brainpower. Vendemia, a neuroscientist at the University of South Carolina, did a research and has found that people’s mental workload will be heavier and their reaction time longer when they lie. Worse still, when the prefrontal cortex is busy with tasks related to lying, she notes, it has a harder time doing other tasks such as making a study plan or using self-control to keep from spending too much time on computer games. Lying has social influences, too. Even the kindest lies can sometimes be risky and often backfire. When you give dishonest praise, you may make your friends feel good at first. But if you do it often enough, they’ll soon learn that they can’t trust your praise. People generally value honesty and don’t like liars, so if you are viewed as untrustworthy, it can be bad for your relationships. It’s widely agreed that nearly all cultures value honesty, and now science is revealing how dishonesty influences the brain and your ability to build the trust on which strong relationships depend. So, even when lying doesn’t stretch your nose, it still comes at a price that you can’t afford. 31. The second paragraph is mainly about ________. A. why self-control benefits the brain B. what social influences lying can bring C. how the brain works when people lie D. when executive function comes into play 32. What can we learn about lying from the passage? A. Lying improves working memory. B. Covering lies takes much brainpower. C. People’s reaction can be sped up by lying. D. The nature of lies is decided by the brain. 33. The underlined word “backfire” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________” A. lead to serious accidents B. help to win full support C. build up strong relationships D. have the opposite effect 34. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Costs of Lying B. Signs of Lying C. Causes of Lies D. Types of Lies 第二节（共5题；每小题2分，满分10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 The Secrets of Happiness Most people want to be happy, but few know how to find happiness. Money and success alone do not bring lasting happiness. Aristotle, a Greek philosopher, said, “Happiness depends upon ourselves.” ____35____ Here are a few suggestions to help you be happier. ____36____ Too often, we spend so much time thinking about the future — for example, getting into college or getting a good job — that we fail to enjoy the present. You should enjoy life’s simple pleasures, such as reading a good book, listening to your favorite music, or spending time with close friends. ____37____ Another secret to leading a happy life is to be active, and have hobbies where you forget your problems and lose track of time. ____38____ Many people experience this by dancing, or playing a sport, such as snowboarding or soccer. ____39____ According to studies people feel good when they volunteer their time to help others. If you want to feel happier, do something nice for someone. You can help a friend with his or her studies, go shopping to buy food for an elderly relative, or simply help out around the house by washing the dishes. A. In other words, we make our own happiness. B. Many people find happiness in helping others. C. Some people find happiness in achievements in career. D. The secret of happiness is to enjoy the simple things in life. E. The secret of happiness lies in having a clear goal of life and work F. You can forget about your problems, and only think about the activity. G. People who have several close friends tend to live happier and healthier lives. 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题，第40, 41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题纸指定区域作答。 The Freshmen Challenge Hi! My name is Adam and I’m a freshman at senior high school. Going from junior high school to senior high school is a really big challenge. The first week was a little confusing. First, I had to think very carefully about which courses I wanted to take. The school adviser helped me choose the suitable ones: maths, English, chemistry, world history and Chinese. I know that Chinese is a very difficult language, but I hope to be fluent when I graduate. My adviser recommended that I should sign up for advanced literature because I like English and I’m good at it. I had to choose extra-curricular activities, too. I tried to join the school football team, but the coach told me that I didn’t play well enough. Obviously, I was unhappy, but I won’t quit. I’ll find a way to improve on my own so that I can make the team next year. I joined a volunteer club instead. Every Wednesday, we work at a soup kitchen and hand out food to homeless people in the community. I know I’ll have to study harder as a senior high school student and get used to being responsible for a lot more. I’m a bit worried about keeping up with the other students in my advanced course, and it’ll be quite difficult to get used to all the homework. Still. I’m happy to be here. 40. What courses did Adam choose? _____________________________________________________________ 41. What is Adam worried about? _____________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Adam thinks that it’ll be quite difficult to get used to all the homework, so he wants to quit. _____________________________________________________________ 43. What challenges are you facing? How do you deal with them? (In about 40 words) _____________________________________________________________ 第二节 （20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高一（1）班学生李华。你的好友Jim在巴黎奥运会期间对体育运动产生了浓厚的兴趣，计划坚持一项运动达到强身健体的目的，他写信向你寻求建议。请你给他回信，内容包括： 1. 运动项目及益处； 2. 注意事项。 注意： 1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $