Unit 8 A green world 被动语态的时态呼应 (语法讲解+分层精练）--2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级下册

Unit 8 A green world （被动语态的时态呼应） (语法讲解+分层精练） 目 录 一、语法讲解 1 （一）被动语态的基本时态形式 1 （二）时态呼应的概念 1 （三）被动语态时态呼应的具体规则 2 （四）间接引语中的时态呼应 2 （五）注意事项 3 二、中考题型练习题（30道） 3 （一）单项选择（10题） 3 （二）用所给动词的适当形式填空（10题） 4 （三）句型转换（10题） 4 一、语法讲解 （一）被动语态的基本时态形式 1.一般现在时被动：am/is/are + 过去分词 · 例：English is spoken in many countries. 2.一般过去时被动：was/were + 过去分词 · 例：The bridge was built in 2020. 3.一般将来时被动：will be + 过去分词 / am/is/are going to be + 过去分词 · 例：The meeting will be held tomorrow. 4.情态动词被动：情态动词 + be + 过去分词 · 例：The work must be finished today. （二）时态呼应的概念 在复合句中，从句的时态往往需要与主句的时态保持一致，这叫做“时态呼应”。当从句使用被动语态时，也要遵循这一原则。 （三）被动语态时态呼应的具体规则 1.主句为现在时态（一般现在、现在进行、现在完成等） · 从句可根据实际需要选用任意时态的被动语态。 · 例句： · He says that the meeting is held every Friday.（他说会议每周五举行。） · He says that the meeting was held yesterday.（他说会议昨天举行了。） · He says that the meeting will be held tomorrow.（他说会议明天举行。） 2.主句为过去时态（一般过去、过去进行等） · 从句的被动语态必须用相应的过去时态。 · 如果从句动作与主句动作同时发生，从句用一般过去时的被动（was/were done）。 · 例句：He said that the meeting was held yesterday.（他说会议昨天举行了。） · 如果从句动作发生在主句动作之后，从句用过去将来时的被动（would be done）。 · 例句：He said that the meeting would be held the next day.（他说会议第二天举行。） · 如果从句动作发生在主句动作之前，从句用过去完成时的被动（had been done），初中阶段了解即可。 · 例句：He said that the meeting had been held the day before.（他说会议前一天就举行了。） 3.条件状语从句中的“主将从现” · 在if引导的条件状语从句中，主句用一般将来时的被动，从句用一般现在时的被动。 · 例句：If the work is finished on time, we will be praised.（如果工作按时完成，我们会受到表扬。） （四）间接引语中的时态呼应 当直接引语变为间接引语时，如果主句是过去时，引语中的被动语态要相应调整： · 一般现在时被动 → 一般过去时被动 · 一般将来时被动 → 过去将来时被动 · 现在完成时被动 → 过去完成时被动 · 例句： · 直接引语：The teacher said, “The exam will be held next week.” · 间接引语：The teacher said that the exam would be held the next week. （五）注意事项 1.无论主句是什么时态，如果从句表达的是客观真理、自然现象、谚语等，一律用一般现在时被动。 · 例：The teacher said that the earth is loved by all.（老师说地球被所有人热爱。）【客观事实，用一般现在时】 2.在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，遵循“主将从现”原则。 · 注意短语动词在被动语态中不能丢失介词。 二、中考题型练习题（30道） （一）单项选择（10题） 1. The teacher told us that the sports meeting ______ because of the rain. A. was cancelled B. is cancelled C. will be cancelled D. would be cancelled 2. I hear that a new bridge ______ over the river next year. A. builds B. will build C. will be built D. is built 3. She said that the work ______ before Friday. A. would finish B. would be finished C. will be finished D. is finished 4. If more trees ______, our city will be more beautiful. A. plant B. are planted C. will be planted D. were planted 5. The children didn't know that the museum ______ on Sundays. A. closed B. is closed C. was closed D. will be closed 6. I think that such a thing ______ again. A. shouldn't allow B. shouldn't be allowed C. isn't allowed D. won't allow 7. He promised that the letter ______ as soon as he arrived. A. would be sent B. will be sent C. was sent D. is sent 8. —Do you know when the report ______? —Yes, yesterday afternoon. A. gave B. was given C. will be given D. is given 9. The old man hoped that he ______ good care of. A. would be taken B. will be taken C. was taken D. is taken 10. If you ______, you will be punished. A. catch B. are caught C. will be caught D. caught （二）用所给动词的适当形式填空（10题） 1. The news said that a new hospital _____________ (build) in our town next year. 2. He asked when the work _____________ (finish). 3. We believe that the environment _____________ (protect) better in the future. 4. The mother told her son that he _____________ (not allow) to go out at night. 5. If the child _____________ (find), his parents will be very happy. 6. The students didn't know that the library _____________ (close) on Mondays. 7. She said that the meeting _____________ (hold) the next week. 8. I hope that the problem _____________ (solve) soon. 9. They thought that the old building _____________ (pull) down the next year. 10. The doctor promised that the patient _____________ (operate) on immediately. （三）句型转换（10题） 1. The teacher said, "The exam will be held next week." (改为间接引语) The teacher said that the exam _____________ _____________ _____________ the next week. 2. He thinks that they will invite him to the party. (改为被动语态) He thinks that he _____________ _____________ _____________ to the party. 3. They didn't know that the shop was closed on Sundays. (改为简单句，保持意思) They didn't know the shop _____________ on Sundays. 4. If you don't study hard, you will fail the exam. (改为同义句，用被动) If you don't study hard, you _____________ _____________ the exam. (或 The exam _____________ _____________ _____________ by you.) 5. She said, "The book was written by a famous writer." (改为间接引语) She said that the book _____________ _____________ by a famous writer. 6. I am sure that they will finish the project on time. (改为被动语态) I am sure that the project _____________ _____________ _____________ on time. 7. He asked, "Will the meeting be held tomorrow?" (改为间接引语) He asked whether the meeting _____________ _____________ _____________ the next day. 8. The police announced that the thief had been caught. (改为主动语态) The police announced that they _____________ _____________ the thief. 9. We all know that the Great Wall is famous all over the world. (改为复合句，主句改为过去时) We all knew that the Great Wall _____________ famous all over the world. 10. The mother said to her son, "You will be punished if you break the rule." (改为间接引语) The mother told her son that he _____________ _____________ _____________ if he _____________ the rule. 参考答案与解析 （一）单项选择 1. 【答案】A 【解析】 主句told是过去时，从句动作“被取消”发生在told之前或同时，用一般过去时的被动was cancelled。选项D是过去将来时，表示将要发生，但这里运动会是因雨被取消，应该是已发生的事，故A更合适。 2. 【答案】C 【解析】 主句I hear是一般现在时，从句可根据需要用将来时，桥是被建造，用一般将来时的被动will be built。 3. 【答案】B 【解析】 主句said是过去时，从句动作发生在said之后（before Friday），用过去将来时的被动would be finished。 4. 【答案】B 【解析】 条件状语从句，主句将来时，从句用一般现在时的被动are planted。 5. 【答案】C 【解析】 主句didn't know是过去时，从句表示一般情况（周日关闭），用一般过去时的被动was closed（也可理解为表示状态，但被动语态仍用was closed）。 6. 【答案】B 【解析】 主句I think是一般现在时，从句用情态动词的被动shouldn't be allowed。 7. 【答案】A 【解析】 主句promised是过去时，从句动作发生在promised之后，用过去将来时的被动would be sent。 8. 【答案】B 【解析】 根据答语yesterday afternoon，可知报告是昨天被做的，用一般过去时的被动was given。注意Do you know是一般现在时，但宾语从句时态由实际时间决定。 9. 【答案】A 【解析】 主句hoped是过去时，从句动作发生在hoped之后，用过去将来时的被动would be taken。 10. 【答案】B 【解析】 条件状语从句，主句将来时，从句用一般现在时的被动are caught。 （二）用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. would be built（主句said过去时，从句next year表示将来，用过去将来时的被动。） 2. would be finished（主句asked过去时，从句finish发生在asked之后，用过去将来时被动。） 3. will be protected（主句believe现在时，从句in the future将来，用一般将来时被动。） 4. would not be allowed（主句told过去时，从句动作发生在told之后，用过去将来时被动否定。） 5. is found（条件状语从句，主句将来时，从句用一般现在时被动。） 6. was closed（主句didn't know过去时，从句表示一般事实，用一般过去时被动。） 7. would be held（主句said过去时，从句the next week表示将来，用过去将来时被动。） 8. will be solved（主句hope现在时，从句soon将来，用一般将来时被动。） 9. would be pulled（主句thought过去时，从句the next year将来，用过去将来时被动。） 10. would be operated（主句promised过去时，从句immediately当时立即，用过去将来时被动，operate on短语。） （三）句型转换 1.【答案】would be held 【解析】 直接引语为一般将来时被动，主句said是过去时，间接引语应改为过去将来时被动would be held，时间状语next week改为the next week。 2.【答案】will be invited 【解析】 主句thinks是现在时，从句的被动语态仍用一般将来时被动will be invited。 3.【答案】was closed 【解析】 原句宾语从句，改为简单句时，保留从句的核心结构，即the shop was closed。 4.【答案】will be failed 【解析】 主动语态改为被动语态，原句fail the exam改为被动the exam will be failed by you，但题目要求用you作主语，则需用you will be failed (in the exam)。注意：“fail the exam”被动形式较少用，但语法上可接受。 5.【答案】had been written 【解析】 直接引语为一般过去时被动，主句said是过去时，间接引语中动作发生在said之前，应用过去完成时被动had been written。初中阶段也可接受was written，但严格时态呼应应用过去完成时。 6.【答案】will be finished 【解析】 主句am是现在时，从句的被动语态仍用一般将来时被动will be finished。 7.【答案】would be held 【解析】 直接引语为一般将来时被动的一般疑问句，主句asked是过去时，间接引语改为过去将来时被动would be held，语序变为陈述语序。 8.【答案】had caught 【解析】 原句被动语态（the thief had been caught），改为主动语态，主语they，宾语the thief，时态保持过去完成时had caught。 9.【答案】was 【解析】 主句改为过去时knew，从句的客观事实可用一般现在时，但时态呼应下可用一般过去时was。初中阶段两者皆可，但按规则应用was。 10.【答案】would be punished; broke 【解析】 主句told为过去时，直接引语中的将来时被动will be punished改为过去将来时被动would be punished；条件状语从句中的一般现在时break改为一般过去时broke，遵循时态呼应原则。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 8 A green world （被动语态的时态呼应） (语法讲解+分层精练） 目 录 一、语法讲解 1 （一）被动语态的基本时态形式 1 （二）时态呼应的概念 1 （三）被动语态时态呼应的具体规则 2 （四）间接引语中的时态呼应 2 （五）注意事项 2 二、中考题型练习题（30道） 3 （一）单项选择（10题） 3 （二）用所给动词的适当形式填空（10题） 4 （三）句型转换（10题） 4 一、语法讲解 （一）被动语态的基本时态形式 1.一般现在时被动：am/is/are + 过去分词 · 例：English is spoken in many countries. 2.一般过去时被动：was/were + 过去分词 · 例：The bridge was built in 2020. 3.一般将来时被动：will be + 过去分词 / am/is/are going to be + 过去分词 · 例：The meeting will be held tomorrow. 4.情态动词被动：情态动词 + be + 过去分词 · 例：The work must be finished today. （二）时态呼应的概念 在复合句中，从句的时态往往需要与主句的时态保持一致，这叫做“时态呼应”。当从句使用被动语态时，也要遵循这一原则。 （三）被动语态时态呼应的具体规则 1.主句为现在时态（一般现在、现在进行、现在完成等） · 从句可根据实际需要选用任意时态的被动语态。 · 例句： · He says that the meeting is held every Friday.（他说会议每周五举行。） · He says that the meeting was held yesterday.（他说会议昨天举行了。） · He says that the meeting will be held tomorrow.（他说会议明天举行。） 2.主句为过去时态（一般过去、过去进行等） · 从句的被动语态必须用相应的过去时态。 · 如果从句动作与主句动作同时发生，从句用一般过去时的被动（was/were done）。 · 例句：He said that the meeting was held yesterday.（他说会议昨天举行了。） · 如果从句动作发生在主句动作之后，从句用过去将来时的被动（would be done）。 · 例句：He said that the meeting would be held the next day.（他说会议第二天举行。） · 如果从句动作发生在主句动作之前，从句用过去完成时的被动（had been done），初中阶段了解即可。 · 例句：He said that the meeting had been held the day before.（他说会议前一天就举行了。） 3.条件状语从句中的“主将从现” · 在if引导的条件状语从句中，主句用一般将来时的被动，从句用一般现在时的被动。 · 例句：If the work is finished on time, we will be praised.（如果工作按时完成，我们会受到表扬。） （四）间接引语中的时态呼应 当直接引语变为间接引语时，如果主句是过去时，引语中的被动语态要相应调整： · 一般现在时被动 → 一般过去时被动 · 一般将来时被动 → 过去将来时被动 · 现在完成时被动 → 过去完成时被动 · 例句： · 直接引语：The teacher said, “The exam will be held next week.” · 间接引语：The teacher said that the exam would be held the next week. （五）注意事项 1.无论主句是什么时态，如果从句表达的是客观真理、自然现象、谚语等，一律用一般现在时被动。 · 例：The teacher said that the earth is loved by all.（老师说地球被所有人热爱。）【客观事实，用一般现在时】 2.在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，遵循“主将从现”原则。 · 注意短语动词在被动语态中不能丢失介词。 二、中考题型练习题（30道） （一）单项选择（10题） 1. The teacher told us that the sports meeting ______ because of the rain. A. was cancelled B. is cancelled C. will be cancelled D. would be cancelled 2. I hear that a new bridge ______ over the river next year. A. builds B. will build C. will be built D. is built 3. She said that the work ______ before Friday. A. would finish B. would be finished C. will be finished D. is finished 4. If more trees ______, our city will be more beautiful. A. plant B. are planted C. will be planted D. were planted 5. The children didn't know that the museum ______ on Sundays. A. closed B. is closed C. was closed D. will be closed 6. I think that such a thing ______ again. A. shouldn't allow B. shouldn't be allowed C. isn't allowed D. won't allow 7. He promised that the letter ______ as soon as he arrived. A. would be sent B. will be sent C. was sent D. is sent 8. —Do you know when the report ______? —Yes, yesterday afternoon. A. gave B. was given C. will be given D. is given 9. The old man hoped that he ______ good care of. A. would be taken B. will be taken C. was taken D. is taken 10. If you ______, you will be punished. A. catch B. are caught C. will be caught D. caught （二）用所给动词的适当形式填空（10题） 1. The news said that a new hospital _____________ (build) in our town next year. 2. He asked when the work _____________ (finish). 3. We believe that the environment _____________ (protect) better in the future. 4. The mother told her son that he _____________ (not allow) to go out at night. 5. If the child _____________ (find), his parents will be very happy. 6. The students didn't know that the library _____________ (close) on Mondays. 7. She said that the meeting _____________ (hold) the next week. 8. I hope that the problem _____________ (solve) soon. 9. They thought that the old building _____________ (pull) down the next year. 10. The doctor promised that the patient _____________ (operate) on immediately. （三）句型转换（10题） 1. The teacher said, "The exam will be held next week." (改为间接引语) The teacher said that the exam _____________ _____________ _____________ the next week. 2. He thinks that they will invite him to the party. (改为被动语态) He thinks that he _____________ _____________ _____________ to the party. 3. They didn't know that the shop was closed on Sundays. (改为简单句，保持意思) They didn't know the shop _____________ on Sundays. 4. If you don't study hard, you will fail the exam. (改为同义句，用被动) If you don't study hard, you _____________ _____________ the exam. (或 The exam _____________ _____________ _____________ by you.) 5. She said, "The book was written by a famous writer." (改为间接引语) She said that the book _____________ _____________ by a famous writer. 6. I am sure that they will finish the project on time. (改为被动语态) I am sure that the project _____________ _____________ _____________ on time. 7. He asked, "Will the meeting be held tomorrow?" (改为间接引语) He asked whether the meeting _____________ _____________ _____________ the next day. 8. The police announced that the thief had been caught. (改为主动语态) The police announced that they _____________ _____________ the thief. 9. We all know that the Great Wall is famous all over the world. (改为复合句，主句改为过去时) We all knew that the Great Wall _____________ famous all over the world. 10. The mother said to her son, "You will be punished if you break the rule." (改为间接引语) The mother told her son that he _____________ _____________ _____________ if he _____________ the rule. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $