Unit 7 Charities 一般现在时被动语态 (语法讲解+分层精练）-2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级下册

Unit 7 Charities （一般现在时被动语态） (语法讲解+分层精练） 目 录 一、语法讲解 1 （一）基本结构 1 （二）核心用法 2 （三）常用时间状语 2 （四）注意事项 2 二、中考题型练习题（30道） 2 （一）单项选择（10题） 3 （二）用所给动词的适当形式填空（10题） 3 （三）句型转换（10题） 4 一、语法讲解 （一）基本结构 1.肯定句：主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 + 其他 · 主语是 I 用 am；第三人称单数用 is；复数或第二人称用 are。 · 例句：English is spoken in many countries.（许多国家说英语。） · 例句：The classroom is cleaned every day.（教室每天被打扫。） 2.否定句：主语 + am/is/are + not + 过去分词 + 其他 · 例句：The work is not finished yet.（工作还没完成。） 3.一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他？ · 例句：Is the meeting held every Monday?（会议每周一举行吗？） 4.特殊疑问句：疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他？ · 例句：When are the flowers watered?（花什么时候浇水？） （二）核心用法 1.表示现在经常性、习惯性的被动动作：强调主语是动作的承受者，动作经常发生。 · 例句：The shop is opened at 8 a.m. every day.（这家店每天上午8点开门。） 2.表示现在客观事实或状态的被动描述：描述主语现在的被动状态。 · 例句：The window is broken.（窗户破了。） 3.用于一般现在时的被动语态，通常与频度副词连用：如 always, often, usually, sometimes, seldom, never, every day/week等。 （三）常用时间状语 · every day/week/month/year, often, usually, always, sometimes, seldom, never, once a week, on weekends, at present, nowadays 等。 （四）注意事项 1.不及物动词无被动语态：如 happen, take place, appear, disappear, rise, fall, arrive, die, come, go 等。 · 错误：The accident is happened every year.（正确：The accident happens every year.） 2.双宾语动词的被动：有些动词可接两个宾语（如 give, tell, show, send, teach, buy, lend, offer 等），变被动时有两种方式： · 方式一：间接宾语（人）作主语 → 直接宾语保留 → I am given a book every year. · 方式二：直接宾语（物）作主语 → 间接宾语前加介词 → A book is given to me every year. 3.感官动词/使役动词的被动：主动中省略to的不定式，被动中要还原to。 · 主动：They make him work every day. · 被动：He is made to work every day. 4.短语动词的被动：短语动词是一个整体，变为被动时不能丢掉介词/副词。 · 主动：They look after the baby well. · 被动：The baby is looked after well. 5.含有情态动词的被动语态：一般现在时中也可能有情态动词，其结构为 主语 + 情态动词 + be + 过去分词。 · 例句：The work can be finished today.（这工作今天能完成。） 二、中考题型练习题（30道） （一）单项选择（10题） 1. English ______ in many countries all over the world. A. speaks B. is spoken C. spoke D. is speaking 2. The classroom ______ by the students every day. A. cleans B. is cleaned C. cleaned D. are cleaned 3. These books ______ well. A. sell B. are sold C. is sold D. sells 4. —______ the letter ______ in English? —Yes, it is. A. Is; written B. Does; write C. Is; wrote D. Is; writing 5. The windows ______ every two months. A. wash B. are washed C. washed D. is washed 6. A new bridge ______ over the river near our school every year. A. build B. is built C. built D. are built 7. The children ______ to swim every summer. A. teach B. are taught C. taught D. is taught 8. Many trees ______ along the road every spring. A. plant B. are planted C. planted D. is planted 9. This kind of machine ______ in a small factory. A. makes B. is made C. made D. are made 10. The sports meeting ______ once a year in our school. A. holds B. is held C. held D. are held （二）用所给动词的适当形式填空（10题） 1. The flowers _____________ (water) every morning by my grandmother. 2. These songs _____________ (often sing) by children. 3. How many languages _____________ (speak) in Canada? 4. The computer _____________ (not use) every day. 5. _____________ the old houses _____________ (pull) down every year? 6. The news _____________ (report) on TV every evening. 7. The pets _____________ (feed) twice a day. 8. The classroom _____________ (should keep) clean every day. 9. The young trees _____________ (must look after) well. 10. Rice _____________ (grow) in the south of China. （三）句型转换（10题） 1. People grow rice in the south.（改为被动语态） Rice _____________ _____________ in the south. 2. Do the students clean the library every day?（改为被动语态） _____________ the library _____________ by the students every day? 3. The workers don't repair the road often.（改为被动语态） The road _____________ _____________ often by the workers. 4. They make these cars in Shanghai.（改为被动语态） These cars _____________ _____________ in Shanghai. 5. The teacher always praises him.（改为被动语态） He _____________ always _____________ by the teacher. 6. The classroom is cleaned by the students every day.（改为一般疑问句） _____________ the classroom _____________ by the students every day? 7. The books are returned to the library every week.（改为否定句） The books _____________ _____________ to the library every week. 8. They often talk about this problem.（改为被动语态） This problem _____________ often _____________ about. 9. We must take good care of the old.（改为被动语态） The old _____________ _____________ _____________ good care of. 10. The children are taken to the zoo every Sunday.（对划线部分提问） _____________ _____________ the children _____________ to the zoo? 参考答案与解析 （一）单项选择 1. 【答案】B 【解析】 英语被说，是一般现在时的客观事实，主语 English 是单数，用 is spoken。 2. 【答案】B 【解析】 教室每天被学生打扫，主语 the classroom 单数，用 is cleaned。 3. 【答案】A 【解析】 本题易错。sell well 是主动形式表示被动意义，意为“畅销”，不用被动语态。类似用法的词还有 wash well, write well 等。 4. 【答案】A 【解析】 信是用英语写的吗？一般现在时被动疑问句：Is + 主语 + 过去分词。 5. 【答案】B 【解析】 窗户每两个月被擦洗一次，主语 windows 复数，用 are washed。 6. 【答案】B 【解析】 桥每年被建造，主语单数，用 is built。 7. 【答案】B 【解析】 孩子们每年夏天被教游泳，主语复数，用 are taught。 8. 【答案】B 【解析】 许多树每年春天被种植，主语复数，用 are planted。 9. 【答案】B 【解析】 这种机器是在一个小工厂制造的，主语 this kind 是单数，用 is made。 10. 【答案】B 【解析】 运动会每年举行一次，主语单数，用 is held。 （二）用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. are watered（花每天早上被浇水，复数主语，一般现在时被动。） 2. are often sung（这些歌经常被孩子们唱，复数主语，被动，often 放在 be 动词后。） 3. are spoken（在加拿大说多少种语言？主语 languages 复数，被动疑问，用 are spoken。） 4. is not used（电脑不是每天被使用，主语单数，否定用 is not used。） 5. Are; pulled（旧房子每年都被推倒吗？复数主语，疑问用 Are...pulled。） 6. is reported（新闻每晚在电视上被报道，主语 news 不可数，视为单数，用 is reported。） 7. are fed（宠物每天喂两次，复数主语，用 are fed。） 8. should be kept（教室应该每天保持干净，含情态动词 should，被动结构 should be kept。） 9. must be looked after（小树必须被好好照看，含情态动词 must，被动结构 must be looked after，注意 look after 是短语动词，介词不能丢。） 10. is grown（水稻在中国南方种植，主语 rice 不可数，视为单数，用 is grown。） （三）句型转换 1. is grown（原句主动，改为被动：Rice is grown in the south.） 2. Is; cleaned（原句一般疑问句，改为被动：Is the library cleaned by the students every day?） 3. is not repaired（原句主动否定，改为被动：The road is not repaired often by the workers.） 4. are made（原句主动，改为被动：These cars are made in Shanghai.） 5. is; praised（原句主动，改为被动：He is always praised by the teacher.） 6. Is; cleaned（原句陈述，改为一般疑问句：Is the classroom cleaned by the students every day?） 7. are not returned（原句肯定，改为否定：The books are not returned to the library every week.） 8. is; talked（原句主动，短语动词 talk about 的被动：This problem is often talked about.） 9. must be taken（原句含情态动词 must，改为被动：The old must be taken good care of.） 10. When are; taken（划线部分 every Sunday 是时间，用 when 提问：When are the children taken to the zoo?） 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 7 Charities （一般现在时被动语态） (语法讲解+分层精练） 目 录 一、语法讲解 1 （一）基本结构 1 （二）核心用法 1 （三）常用时间状语 2 （四）注意事项 2 二、中考题型练习题（30道） 2 （一）单项选择（10题） 2 （二）用所给动词的适当形式填空（10题） 3 （三）句型转换（10题） 4 一、语法讲解 （一）基本结构 1.肯定句：主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 + 其他 · 主语是 I 用 am；第三人称单数用 is；复数或第二人称用 are。 · 例句：English is spoken in many countries.（许多国家说英语。） · 例句：The classroom is cleaned every day.（教室每天被打扫。） 2.否定句：主语 + am/is/are + not + 过去分词 + 其他 · 例句：The work is not finished yet.（工作还没完成。） 3.一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他？ · 例句：Is the meeting held every Monday?（会议每周一举行吗？） 4.特殊疑问句：疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他？ · 例句：When are the flowers watered?（花什么时候浇水？） （二）核心用法 1.表示现在经常性、习惯性的被动动作：强调主语是动作的承受者，动作经常发生。 · 例句：The shop is opened at 8 a.m. every day.（这家店每天上午8点开门。） 2.表示现在客观事实或状态的被动描述：描述主语现在的被动状态。 · 例句：The window is broken.（窗户破了。） 3.用于一般现在时的被动语态，通常与频度副词连用：如 always, often, usually, sometimes, seldom, never, every day/week等。 （三）常用时间状语 · every day/week/month/year, often, usually, always, sometimes, seldom, never, once a week, on weekends, at present, nowadays 等。 （四）注意事项 1.不及物动词无被动语态：如 happen, take place, appear, disappear, rise, fall, arrive, die, come, go 等。 · 错误：The accident is happened every year.（正确：The accident happens every year.） 2.双宾语动词的被动：有些动词可接两个宾语（如 give, tell, show, send, teach, buy, lend, offer 等），变被动时有两种方式： · 方式一：间接宾语（人）作主语 → 直接宾语保留 → I am given a book every year. · 方式二：直接宾语（物）作主语 → 间接宾语前加介词 → A book is given to me every year. 3.感官动词/使役动词的被动：主动中省略to的不定式，被动中要还原to。 · 主动：They make him work every day. · 被动：He is made to work every day. 4.短语动词的被动：短语动词是一个整体，变为被动时不能丢掉介词/副词。 · 主动：They look after the baby well. · 被动：The baby is looked after well. 5.含有情态动词的被动语态：一般现在时中也可能有情态动词，其结构为 主语 + 情态动词 + be + 过去分词。 · 例句：The work can be finished today.（这工作今天能完成。） 二、中考题型练习题（30道） （一）单项选择（10题） 1. English ______ in many countries all over the world. A. speaks B. is spoken C. spoke D. is speaking 2. The classroom ______ by the students every day. A. cleans B. is cleaned C. cleaned D. are cleaned 3. These books ______ well. A. sell B. are sold C. is sold D. sells 4. —______ the letter ______ in English? —Yes, it is. A. Is; written B. Does; write C. Is; wrote D. Is; writing 5. The windows ______ every two months. A. wash B. are washed C. washed D. is washed 6. A new bridge ______ over the river near our school every year. A. build B. is built C. built D. are built 7. The children ______ to swim every summer. A. teach B. are taught C. taught D. is taught 8. Many trees ______ along the road every spring. A. plant B. are planted C. planted D. is planted 9. This kind of machine ______ in a small factory. A. makes B. is made C. made D. are made 10. The sports meeting ______ once a year in our school. A. holds B. is held C. held D. are held （二）用所给动词的适当形式填空（10题） 1. The flowers _____________ (water) every morning by my grandmother. 2. These songs _____________ (often sing) by children. 3. How many languages _____________ (speak) in Canada? 4. The computer _____________ (not use) every day. 5. _____________ the old houses _____________ (pull) down every year? 6. The news _____________ (report) on TV every evening. 7. The pets _____________ (feed) twice a day. 8. The classroom _____________ (should keep) clean every day. 9. The young trees _____________ (must look after) well. 10. Rice _____________ (grow) in the south of China. （三）句型转换（10题） 1. People grow rice in the south.（改为被动语态） Rice _____________ _____________ in the south. 2. Do the students clean the library every day?（改为被动语态） _____________ the library _____________ by the students every day? 3. The workers don't repair the road often.（改为被动语态） The road _____________ _____________ often by the workers. 4. They make these cars in Shanghai.（改为被动语态） These cars _____________ _____________ in Shanghai. 5. The teacher always praises him.（改为被动语态） He _____________ always _____________ by the teacher. 6. The classroom is cleaned by the students every day.（改为一般疑问句） _____________ the classroom _____________ by the students every day? 7. The books are returned to the library every week.（改为否定句） The books _____________ _____________ to the library every week. 8. They often talk about this problem.（改为被动语态） This problem _____________ often _____________ about. 9. We must take good care of the old.（改为被动语态） The old _____________ _____________ _____________ good care of. 10. The children are taken to the zoo every Sunday.（对划线部分提问） _____________ _____________ the children _____________ to the zoo? 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $