Unit 7 Charities 一般过去时被动语态 (语法讲解+分层精练）-2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级下册

Unit 7 Charities （一般过去时被动语态） (语法讲解+分层精练） 目 录 一、语法讲解 1 （一）基本结构 1 （二）核心用法 1 （三）常用时间状语 2 （四）注意事项 2 二、中考题型练习题（30道） 2 （一）单项选择（10题） 2 （二）用所给动词的适当形式填空（10题） 3 （三）句型转换（10题） 3 一、语法讲解 （一）基本结构 1.肯定句：主语 + was/were + 过去分词 + 其他 · 主语是单数或不可数名词用 was；复数用 were。 · 例句：The letter was written yesterday.（这封信是昨天写的。） · 例句：The trees were planted last spring.（这些树是去年春天种的。） 2.否定句：主语 + was/were + not + 过去分词 + 其他 · 例句：The work was not finished on time.（工作没有按时完成。） 3.一般疑问句：Was/Were + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他？ · 例句：Was the car repaired yesterday?（这辆车昨天修了吗？） 4.特殊疑问句：疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他？ · 例句：When was the bridge built?（这座桥是什么时候建造的？） （二）核心用法 1.表示过去某个时间发生的被动动作：强调主语是动作的承受者，且动作发生在过去。 · 例句：The film was shown last night.（这部电影昨晚放映了。） 2.表示过去某个状态是被动的：描述主语在过去所处的被动状态。 · 例句：The door was locked when I arrived.（我到达时门是锁着的。） （三）常用时间状语 · yesterday, last night/week/month/year, in 2020, two days ago, at that time, then, in the past等。 （四）注意事项 1.不及物动词无被动语态：如 happen, take place, appear, disappear, rise, fall, arrive, die 等。 · 错误：The accident was happened yesterday. （正确：The accident happened yesterday.） 2.双宾语动词的被动：有些动词可接两个宾语（如 give, tell, show, send, teach, buy, lend 等），变被动时有两种方式： · 方式一：间接宾语（人）作主语 → 直接宾语保留 → I was given a book. · 方式二：直接宾语（物）作主语 → 间接宾语前加介词 → A book was given to me. 3.感官动词/使役动词的被动：主动中省略to的不定式，被动中要还原to。 · 主动：They made him work all day. · 被动：He was made to work all day. 4.短语动词的被动：短语动词是一个整体，变为被动时不能丢掉介词/副词。 · 主动：They looked after the baby well. · 被动：The baby was looked after well. 二、中考题型练习题（30道） （一）单项选择（10题） 1. The bridge ______ over 100 years ago. A. build B. is built C. built D. was built 2. These photos ______ by my father when we visited Beijing. A. take B. are taken C. were taken D. took 3. —When ______ the telephone ______? —In 1876. A. did; invent B. was; invented C. is; invented D. were; invented 4. The sick boy ______ to the hospital immediately yesterday evening. A. sent B. was sent C. is sent D. sends 5. Many trees ______ along the river last year. A. planted B. are planted C. were planted D. plant 6. The old man ______ after carefully by the nurse last month. A. looked B. is looked C. was looked D. looks 7. The 2022 Winter Olympics ______ in Beijing. A. held B. was held C. were held D. is held 8. A new library ______ in our school two years ago. A. built B. was built C. is built D. builds 9. —Did you go to Jack’s birthday party? —No, I ______. A. didn't invite B. wasn't invited C. am not invited D. haven't invited 10. The little girl ______ to the hospital and ______ well by the doctors. A. was taken; was treated B. took; treated C. was taken; treated D. took; was treated （二）用所给动词的适当形式填空（10题） 1. The computer _____________ (repair) yesterday morning. 2. These books _____________ (write) by Mo Yan many years ago. 3. The sports meeting _____________ (hold) last Friday. 4. The classroom _____________ (clean) by the students yesterday afternoon. 5. A new hospital _____________ (build) in our town in 2018. 6. The windows _____________ (break) by the strong wind last night. 7. The letter _____________ (not send) until yesterday. 8. _____________ the old houses _____________ (pull) down last year? 9. When _____________ the Great Wall _____________ (build)? 10. The boy _____________ (make) to read English every morning by his mother last term. （三）句型转换（10题） 1. They built a new bridge across the river last year.（改为被动语态） A new bridge _____________ _____________ across the river last year. 2. The doctor saved the old man's life.（改为被动语态） The old man's life _____________ _____________ by the doctor. 3. My mother told me a story last night.（改为被动语态，用两种方式） I _____________ _____________ a story by my mother last night. A story _____________ _____________ _____________ me by my mother last night. 4. They didn't hold the concert yesterday.（改为被动语态） The concert _____________ _____________ yesterday. 5. Did they build this hospital in 1990?（改为被动语态） _____________ this hospital _____________ in 1990? 6. The meeting was held last Monday.（改为否定句） The meeting _____________ _____________ last Monday. 7. The car was washed by Tom yesterday.（改为一般疑问句） _____________ the car _____________ by Tom yesterday? 8. The books were returned to the library this morning.（对划线部分提问） _____________ _____________ the books _____________ to the library? 9. They made the workers work 12 hours a day.（改为被动语态） The workers _____________ _____________ _____________ work 12 hours a day. 10. The children took good care of the pets.（改为被动语态） The pets _____________ _____________ good care of by the children. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 7 Charities （一般过去时被动语态） (语法讲解+分层精练） 目 录 一、语法讲解 1 （一）基本结构 1 （二）核心用法 1 （三）常用时间状语 2 （四）注意事项 2 二、中考题型练习题（30道） 2 （一）单项选择（10题） 2 （二）用所给动词的适当形式填空（10题） 3 （三）句型转换（10题） 3 一、语法讲解 （一）基本结构 1.肯定句：主语 + was/were + 过去分词 + 其他 · 主语是单数或不可数名词用 was；复数用 were。 · 例句：The letter was written yesterday.（这封信是昨天写的。） · 例句：The trees were planted last spring.（这些树是去年春天种的。） 2.否定句：主语 + was/were + not + 过去分词 + 其他 · 例句：The work was not finished on time.（工作没有按时完成。） 3.一般疑问句：Was/Were + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他？ · 例句：Was the car repaired yesterday?（这辆车昨天修了吗？） 4.特殊疑问句：疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他？ · 例句：When was the bridge built?（这座桥是什么时候建造的？） （二）核心用法 1.表示过去某个时间发生的被动动作：强调主语是动作的承受者，且动作发生在过去。 · 例句：The film was shown last night.（这部电影昨晚放映了。） 2.表示过去某个状态是被动的：描述主语在过去所处的被动状态。 · 例句：The door was locked when I arrived.（我到达时门是锁着的。） （三）常用时间状语 · yesterday, last night/week/month/year, in 2020, two days ago, at that time, then, in the past等。 （四）注意事项 1.不及物动词无被动语态：如 happen, take place, appear, disappear, rise, fall, arrive, die 等。 · 错误：The accident was happened yesterday. （正确：The accident happened yesterday.） 2.双宾语动词的被动：有些动词可接两个宾语（如 give, tell, show, send, teach, buy, lend 等），变被动时有两种方式： · 方式一：间接宾语（人）作主语 → 直接宾语保留 → I was given a book. · 方式二：直接宾语（物）作主语 → 间接宾语前加介词 → A book was given to me. 3.感官动词/使役动词的被动：主动中省略to的不定式，被动中要还原to。 · 主动：They made him work all day. · 被动：He was made to work all day. 4.短语动词的被动：短语动词是一个整体，变为被动时不能丢掉介词/副词。 · 主动：They looked after the baby well. · 被动：The baby was looked after well. 二、中考题型练习题（30道） （一）单项选择（10题） 1. The bridge ______ over 100 years ago. A. build B. is built C. built D. was built 2. These photos ______ by my father when we visited Beijing. A. take B. are taken C. were taken D. took 3. —When ______ the telephone ______? —In 1876. A. did; invent B. was; invented C. is; invented D. were; invented 4. The sick boy ______ to the hospital immediately yesterday evening. A. sent B. was sent C. is sent D. sends 5. Many trees ______ along the river last year. A. planted B. are planted C. were planted D. plant 6. The old man ______ after carefully by the nurse last month. A. looked B. is looked C. was looked D. looks 7. The 2022 Winter Olympics ______ in Beijing. A. held B. was held C. were held D. is held 8. A new library ______ in our school two years ago. A. built B. was built C. is built D. builds 9. —Did you go to Jack’s birthday party? —No, I ______. A. didn't invite B. wasn't invited C. am not invited D. haven't invited 10. The little girl ______ to the hospital and ______ well by the doctors. A. was taken; was treated B. took; treated C. was taken; treated D. took; was treated （二）用所给动词的适当形式填空（10题） 1. The computer _____________ (repair) yesterday morning. 2. These books _____________ (write) by Mo Yan many years ago. 3. The sports meeting _____________ (hold) last Friday. 4. The classroom _____________ (clean) by the students yesterday afternoon. 5. A new hospital _____________ (build) in our town in 2018. 6. The windows _____________ (break) by the strong wind last night. 7. The letter _____________ (not send) until yesterday. 8. _____________ the old houses _____________ (pull) down last year? 9. When _____________ the Great Wall _____________ (build)? 10. The boy _____________ (make) to read English every morning by his mother last term. （三）句型转换（10题） 1. They built a new bridge across the river last year.（改为被动语态） A new bridge _____________ _____________ across the river last year. 2. The doctor saved the old man's life.（改为被动语态） The old man's life _____________ _____________ by the doctor. 3. My mother told me a story last night.（改为被动语态，用两种方式） I _____________ _____________ a story by my mother last night. A story _____________ _____________ _____________ me by my mother last night. 4. They didn't hold the concert yesterday.（改为被动语态） The concert _____________ _____________ yesterday. 5. Did they build this hospital in 1990?（改为被动语态） _____________ this hospital _____________ in 1990? 6. The meeting was held last Monday.（改为否定句） The meeting _____________ _____________ last Monday. 7. The car was washed by Tom yesterday.（改为一般疑问句） _____________ the car _____________ by Tom yesterday? 8. The books were returned to the library this morning.（对划线部分提问） _____________ _____________ the books _____________ to the library? 9. They made the workers work 12 hours a day.（改为被动语态） The workers _____________ _____________ _____________ work 12 hours a day. 10. The children took good care of the pets.（改为被动语态） The pets _____________ _____________ good care of by the children. 参考答案与解析 （一）单项选择 1. 【答案】D 【解析】 桥是被建造，时间是100年前，所以用一般过去时的被动语态 was built。 2. 【答案】C 【解析】 照片是被拍摄的，时间是when we visited Beijing（过去），所以用 were taken。 3. 【答案】B 【解析】 电话是被发明的，时间是过去，特殊疑问句结构：was + 主语 + 过去分词。 4. 【答案】B 【解析】 男孩是被送到医院的，时间是昨天傍晚，用 was sent。 5. 【答案】C 【解析】 树是被种植的，时间是去年，用 were planted。 6. 【答案】C 【解析】 老人是被照看的，时间是上个月，用 was looked（look after 是短语动词，被动时不能丢 after）。 7. 【答案】B 【解析】 冬奥会是被举办的，时间是2022年，过去时，主语 the 2022 Winter Olympics 是单数意义，用 was held。 8. 【答案】B 【解析】 图书馆是被建造的，时间是两年前，用 was built。 9. 【答案】B 【解析】 我没有被邀请，用一般过去时的被动否定 wasn't invited。 10. 【答案】A 【解析】 女孩被送到医院（was taken），并且被医生治疗（was treated），两个并列被动，都用一般过去时。 （二）用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. was repaired（电脑昨天上午被修理，用一般过去时被动。） 2. were written（这些书是莫言很多年前写的，主语books复数，用were written。） 3. was held（运动会上周五被举办，用was held。） 4. was cleaned（教室昨天下午被学生们打扫，用was cleaned。） 5. was built（新医院2018年被建造，用was built。） 6. were broken（窗户昨晚被强风打破，主语windows复数，用were broken。） 7. was not sent（信直到昨天才被寄出，用was not sent。） 8. Were; pulled（去年旧房子被推倒了吗？复数主语houses，疑问句用Were...pulled。） 9. was; built（长城是什么时候被建造的？主语the Great Wall单数，用was built。） 10. was made（这个男孩上学期被妈妈强迫每天读英语。make在被动中要还原to，结构为was made to read。） （三）句型转换 1. was built（原句主动，改为被动：A new bridge was built across the river last year.） 2. was saved（原句主动，改为被动：The old man's life was saved by the doctor.） 3. was told; was told to（双宾语动词的两种被动形式：①间接宾语作主语：I was told a story. ②直接宾语作主语：A story was told to me.） 4. was not held（原句主动否定，改为被动：The concert was not held yesterday.） 5. Was; built（原句疑问，改为被动：Was this hospital built in 1990?） 6. was not held（改为否定句：The meeting was not held last Monday.） 7. Was; washed（改为一般疑问句：Was the car washed by Tom yesterday?） 8. When were; returned（划线部分this morning是时间，用when提问，助动词were提前：When were the books returned to the library?） 9. were made to（原句主动，改为被动：The workers were made to work 12 hours a day. 注意made后加to。） 10. were taken（原句主动，take care of是短语动词，被动时不能拆：The pets were taken good care of by the children.） 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $