内容正文:
沪教版8上unit 4英语单词表
教师备课材料
1. balloon
词性:名词 (n.),动词 (v.) 意为“膨胀”
词义:气球
词性转换:复数 balloons;动词过去式 ballooned;现在分词 ballooning
常见搭配:fly a balloon 放气球;balloon flight 气球飞行
例句:Children like to play with balloons. 孩子们喜欢玩气球。
练习:
1. The children are playing with colorful ______ (balloon).
2. The price of vegetables has ______ (balloon) recently.
答案与解析:
1. balloons(可数名词复数)
2. ballooned(动词过去分词,意为“急剧上涨”)
2. wheel
词性:名词 (n.),动词 (v.) 意为“推动,旋转”
词义:轮子,车轮
近义词:tyre(轮胎,但不同)
词性转换:复数 wheels;过去式 wheeled;现在分词 wheeling
常见搭配:steering wheel 方向盘;wheel chair 轮椅;on wheels 用轮子
例句:A car has four wheels. 汽车有四个轮子。
练习:
1. The bike has two ______ (wheel).
2. He ______ (wheel) his bicycle into the garage.
答案与解析:
1. wheels(复数)
2. wheeled(过去式)
3. central
词性:形容词 (adj.)
词义:中心的,中央的;主要的
近义词:main, chief, principal
反义词:local(地方的),peripheral(边缘的)
词性转换:名词 centre/center;副词 centrally
常见搭配:central park 中央公园;central heating 中央供暖;central idea 中心思想
例句:The shop is in a central location. 这家商店位于市中心。
练习:
1. The hotel is ______ (center) located.
2. The ______ (central) of the city is very busy.
答案与解析:
1. centrally(副词修饰located)
2. centre/center(名词,意为“中心”)
4. although
词性:连词 (conj.)
词义:虽然,尽管
近义词:though, even though
反义词:无,但常与but对应
常见搭配:although从句,主句不用but
例句:Although it rained, we went out. 尽管下雨,我们还是出去了。
练习:
1. ______ (虽然) he is old, he works hard.
2. We enjoyed the trip ______ the weather was bad.
答案与解析:
1. Although(连词引导状语从句)
2. although(连词,意为“尽管”)
5. attach
词性:动词 (v.)
词义:附上,系上,贴上;使依附
近义词:fasten, connect, link
反义词:detach 分开,拆下
词性转换:名词 attachment;过去式 attached;现在分词 attaching
常见搭配:attach to 附在……上;attach importance to 重视
例句:Please attach a photo to the application form. 请在申请表上贴一张照片。
练习:
1. The document has an ______ (attach).
2. He ______ (attach) a stamp to the envelope.
答案与解析:
1. attachment(名词,附件)
2. attached(过去式)
6. pull
词性:动词 (v.),名词 (n.)
词义:拉,拖;拉力
近义词:drag, draw, tug
反义词:push 推
词性转换:过去式 pulled;现在分词 pulling;名词 pull
常见搭配:pull up 停车;pull out 拔出;pull down 拆毁;pull over 靠边停车
例句:He pulled the door open. 他把门拉开了。
练习:
1. The train is ______ (pull) into the station.
2. Give the rope a hard ______ (pull).
答案与解析:
1. pulling(现在进行时)
2. pull(名词,意为“拉”)
7. international
词性:形容词 (adj.)
词义:国际的
近义词:global, worldwide
反义词:national(国内的),local(当地的)
词性转换:名词 internationalization;副词 internationally
常见搭配:international trade 国际贸易;international airport 国际机场;international relations 国际关系
例句:English is an international language. 英语是一门国际语言。
练习:
1. The company has expanded ______ (international).
2. The conference is ______ (international) important.
答案与解析:
1. internationally(副词,意为“在国际上”)
2. internationally(副词修饰important)
8. path
词性:名词 (n.)
词义:小路,路径;道路
近义词:way, road, track, route
词性转换:复数 paths
常见搭配:path to success 成功之路;a bicycle path 自行车道
例句:We walked along the path through the woods. 我们沿着林间小路走。
练习:
1. There are many ______ (path) in the park.
2. The ______ (path) leads to the river.
答案与解析:
1. paths(复数)
2. path(单数)
9. technique
词性:名词 (n.)
词义:技术,技巧,方法
近义词:skill, method, approach
词性转换:形容词 technical;副词 technically;名词 technician 技师
常见搭配:learning technique 学习技巧;advanced technique 先进技术
例句:He is learning new techniques in painting. 他正在学习绘画的新技巧。
练习:
1. He is a ______ (technique) expert.
2. The job requires special ______ (technique) skills.
答案与解析:
1. technical(形容词,技术的)
2. technical(形容词修饰skills)
10. depend
词性:动词 (v.)
词义:依靠,依赖;取决于
近义词:rely, count on
反义词:独立(无固定反义词)
词性转换:形容词 dependent 依赖的;名词 dependence 依赖;名词 dependency 附属国;形容词 dependable 可靠的
常见搭配:depend on/upon 依靠;It depends 看情况
例句:Children depend on their parents for food and shelter. 孩子们依靠父母提供食物和住所。
练习:
1. She is completely ______ (depend) on her parents.
2. The success of the event ______ (depend) on the weather.
答案与解析:
1. dependent(形容词,依赖的)
2. depends(动词第三人称单数)
11. doubt
词性:名词 (n.),动词 (v.)
词义:怀疑,疑惑
近义词:uncertainty, suspicion (n.); question (v.)
反义词:certainty(确定),trust(信任)
词性转换:形容词 doubtful 怀疑的;副词 doubtfully;形容词 undoubted 无疑的
常见搭配:without doubt 毫无疑问;in doubt 不确定;no doubt 无疑
例句:There is no doubt that he is honest. 毫无疑问他是诚实的。
练习:
1. I have some ______ (doubt) about his story.
2. It is ______ (doubt) whether he will come.
答案与解析:
1. doubts(名词复数)
2. doubtful(形容词,可疑的)
12. personally
词性:副词 (adv.)
词义:亲自地;就个人而言
近义词:in person, individually
反义词:impersonally 非个人地
词性转换:形容词 personal 个人的;名词 person 人
常见搭配:personally speaking 就个人而言;take it personally 认为针对自己
例句:Personally, I don't agree with you. 就个人而言,我不同意你。
练习:
1. This is a ______ (person) matter.
2. He will attend the meeting ______ (person).
答案与解析:
1. personal(形容词,个人的)
2. personally(副词,亲自地)
13. prediction
词性:名词 (n.)
词义:预测,预言
近义词:forecast, prophecy
词性转换:动词 predict;形容词 predictable 可预测的;副词 predictably
常见搭配:weather prediction 天气预报;make a prediction 做出预测
例句:His prediction came true. 他的预言成真了。
练习:
1. It is hard to ______ (prediction) the future.
2. The weather is ______ (predict) today.
答案与解析:
1. predict(动词,预测)
2. predictable(形容词,可预测的)
14. statement
词性:名词 (n.)
词义:声明,陈述;报表
近义词:declaration, announcement
词性转换:动词 state;形容词 stated 规定的
常见搭配:make a statement 发表声明;bank statement 银行对账单
例句:The president issued a statement. 总统发表了一项声明。
练习:
1. He ______ (state) his opinion clearly.
2. The witness gave a false ______ (state).
答案与解析:
1. stated(动词过去式)
2. statement(名词)
15. benefit
词性:名词 (n.),动词 (v.)
词义:利益,好处;受益
近义词:advantage, profit (n.); gain (v.)
反义词:disadvantage, harm
词性转换:形容词 beneficial 有益的;副词 beneficially
常见搭配:benefit from 从……中受益;for the benefit of 为了……的利益
例句:Regular exercise benefits our health. 定期锻炼有益健康。
练习:
1. Reading is ______ (benefit) to your mind.
2. We all ______ (benefit) from his advice.
答案与解析:
1. beneficial(形容词,有益的)
2. benefit(动词,一般现在时,主语we,用原形)
16. wing
词性:名词 (n.)
词义:翅膀;机翼;侧翼
词性转换:复数 wings;形容词 winged 有翼的
常见搭配:left wing 左翼;right wing 右翼;on the wing 在飞行中
例句:The bird spread its wings. 鸟儿展开翅膀。
练习:
1. The plane has two ______ (wing).
2. The bird ______ (wing) its way south.
答案与解析:
1. wings(复数)
2. wings(动词,第三人称单数,wing one's way 意为“飞行”)
17. distance
词性:名词 (n.)
词义:距离;远处
近义词:length, space
词性转换:形容词 distant 遥远的;副词 distantly
常见搭配:in the distance 在远处;keep distance 保持距离;distance learning 远程学习
例句:What's the distance from here to the station? 从这里到车站有多远?
练习:
1. The school is ______ (distance) from my home.
2. We saw a light in the ______ (distant).
答案与解析:
1. distant(形容词,遥远的)
2. distance(名词,in the distance 固定搭配)
18. petrol
词性:名词 (n.)
词义:汽油(英式英语)
近义词:gasoline(美式)
词性转换:无常见转换,可作定语
常见搭配:petrol station 加油站;run out of petrol 汽油用完了
例句:We need to fill up the car with petrol. 我们需要给车加满汽油。
练习:
1. The car ran out of ______ (petrol).
2. We stopped at a ______ (petrol) station.
答案与解析:
1. petrol(不可数名词)
2. petrol(名词作定语)
19. avoid
词性:动词 (v.)
词义:避免,避开
近义词:keep away from, evade
反义词:face, meet
词性转换:名词 avoidance;形容词 avoidable 可避免的
常见搭配:avoid doing sth. 避免做某事
例句:You should avoid making the same mistake. 你应该避免犯同样的错误。
练习:
1. The accident was ______ (avoid) if he had been careful.
2. He tried to ______ (avoid) meeting her.
答案与解析:
1. avoidable(形容词,可避免的)
2. avoid(动词,后接动名词)
20. anywhere
词性:副词 (adv.)
词义:任何地方
近义词:anyplace
反义词:nowhere
词性转换:无,可作名词
常见搭配:not anywhere 无处;anywhere else 任何其他地方
例句:I can't find my keys anywhere. 我到处都找不到钥匙。
练习:
1. Is there ______ (anywhere) we can go?
2. I have nowhere to go, but he can go ______ (anywhere).
答案与解析:
1. anywhere(副词)
2. anywhere(副词)
21. notice
词性:名词 (n.),动词 (v.)
词义:注意;通知;布告
近义词:attention (n.); observe (v.)
反义词:ignore (v.)
词性转换:形容词 noticeable 显著的;副词 noticeably
常见搭配:take notice of 注意;notice sb. do/doing 注意到某人做/正在做;at short notice 临时通知
例句:Did you notice anything unusual? 你注意到什么异常吗?
练习:
1. There is a ______ (notice) on the wall.
2. She ______ (notice) him leave the room.
答案与解析:
1. notice(名词,布告)
2. noticed(动词过去式)
22. type
词性:名词 (n.),动词 (v.)
词义:类型,种类;打字
近义词:kind, sort (n.); typewrite (v.)
词性转换:形容词 typical 典型的;副词 typically;名词 typist 打字员
常见搭配:different types of 不同种类的;type of blood 血型
例句:What type of music do you like? 你喜欢什么类型的音乐?
练习:
1. She is a fast ______ (type).
2. This is a ______ (type) example.
答案与解析:
1. typist(名词,打字员)
2. typical(形容词,典型的)
23. mixture
词性:名词 (n.)
词义:混合,混合物
近义词:blend, combination
反义词:separation
词性转换:动词 mix;形容词 mixed 混合的
常见搭配:a mixture of 混合
例句:The drink is a mixture of fruit juices. 这种饮料是多种果汁的混合物。
练习:
1. You need to ______ (mixture) the ingredients well.
2. The cake is made from a ______ (mix) of flour and sugar.
答案与解析:
1. mix(动词,混合)
2. mixture(名词,混合物)
24. heat
词性:名词 (n.),动词 (v.)
词义:热,热量;加热
近义词:warmth (n.); warm (v.)
反义词:cold (n.); cool (v.)
词性转换:形容词 hot 热的;副词 hotly;名词 heater 加热器
常见搭配:heat up 加热;in the heat of 在……热烈中
例句:The sun gives us heat. 太阳给我们热量。
练习:
1. Please ______ (heat) the soup.
2. The weather is very ______ (heat) today.
答案与解析:
1. heat(动词,加热)
2. hot(形容词,热的)
25. press
词性:动词 (v.),名词 (n.)
词义:按,压;印刷;新闻界
近义词:push (v.); media (n.)
反义词:pull (v.)
词性转换:名词 pressure 压力;形容词 pressing 紧迫的
常见搭配:press the button 按按钮;press conference 记者招待会;in the press 在报刊上
例句:Press the button to start. 按按钮启动。
练习:
1. He is under great ______ (press) at work.
2. The ______ (press) are waiting outside.
答案与解析:
1. pressure(名词,压力)
2. press(名词,新闻界,此处作复数用)
26. metal
词性:名词 (n.)
词义:金属
反义词:非金属
词性转换:形容词 metallic 金属的
常见搭配:metal detector 金属探测器;heavy metal 重金属
例句:Iron is a kind of metal. 铁是一种金属。
练习:
1. This coin is made of ______ (metal).
2. The box has a ______ (metal) surface.
答案与解析:
1. metal(名词,不可数)
2. metallic(形容词,金属的)
27. steam locomotive
词性:名词短语
词义:蒸汽机车
近义词:steam engine
词性转换:locomotive 可单独使用,名词复数 locomotives;steam 名词
常见搭配:a steam locomotive 蒸汽机车
例句:The steam locomotive was invented in the 19th century. 蒸汽机车发明于19世纪。
练习:
1. The invention of the ______ (locomotive) changed transportation.
2. The engine is powered by ______ (steam).
答案与解析:
1. locomotive(名词,机车)
2. steam(名词,蒸汽)
28. crewed spacecraft
词性:名词短语
词义:载人航天器
近义词:manned spacecraft
反义词:uncrewed spacecraft
词性转换:crewed 形容词,由 crew 加 ed;crew 名词,全体船员;spacecraft 单复同形
常见搭配:crewed mission 载人任务
例句:China launched its first crewed spacecraft in 2003. 中国在2003年发射了第一艘载人航天器。
练习:
1. The ______ (crew) spacecraft will return tomorrow.
2. The ship has a ______ (crew) of 50.
答案与解析:
1. crewed(形容词,载人的)
2. crew(名词,全体船员)
29. on foot
词性:介词短语
词义:步行
近义词:walking
反义词:by vehicle
常见搭配:go on foot 步行去
例句:I usually go to school on foot. 我通常步行上学。
练习:
1. How do you get to work? I go ______ foot.
2. It's faster to walk than to drive in traffic. So we decided to go on ______.
答案与解析:
1. on foot(固定搭配)
2. foot(名词,on foot)
30. a number of
词性:短语(后接可数名词复数)
词义:许多,若干
近义词:many, several, a lot of
反义词:a few(少数)
词性转换:number 本身是名词
注意:a number of 后接复数名词,谓语用复数;the number of 表示“……的数量”,谓语用单数
常见搭配:a large number of 大量
例句:A number of students are playing football. 许多学生在踢足球。
练习:
1. A number of books ______ (be) missing.
2. The number of books in the library ______ (be) large.
答案与解析:
1. are(a number of + 复数名词,谓语用复数)
2. is(the number of 表示数量,谓语用单数)
31. take place
词性:动词短语
词义:发生,举行
近义词:happen, occur
词性转换:无,但 place 是名词
常见搭配:take place 无被动语态
例句:The meeting will take place next week. 会议将在下周举行。
练习:
1. The story ______ (take) place in a small town.
2. Great changes have ______ place in my hometown.
答案与解析:
1. takes(一般现在时,第三人称单数)
2. taken(现在完成时,have taken place)
32. for instance
词性:介词短语
词义:例如
近义词:for example, such as
词性转换:instance 是名词
常见搭配:for instance 常置于句首或句中,用逗号隔开
例句:Many animals, for instance, dogs, are loyal. 许多动物,例如狗,很忠诚。
练习:
1. There are many famous poets, ______ (例如) Li Bai.
2. In many countries, ______ instance, Japan, people bow to greet.
答案与解析:
1. for instance(固定短语)
2. for instance(固定短语)
33. large amounts of
词性:短语(后接不可数名词或复数名词)
词义:大量的
近义词:a lot of, plenty of
反义词:small amounts of
词性转换:amount 是名词,复数 amounts
常见搭配:large amounts of + 不可数名词,谓语用复数(因为 amounts 是复数),也可接可数名词复数
例句:Large amounts of money were spent. 花了大量的钱。
练习:
1. Large amounts of water ______ (be) wasted.
2. The ______ (amount) of work is huge.
答案与解析:
1. are(amounts 是复数,谓语用复数)
2. amount(单数,the amount of 谓语用单数)
34. international trade
词性:名词短语
词义:国际贸易
近义词:global trade
反义词:domestic trade
词性转换:international 形容词,trade 名词
常见搭配:engage in international trade 从事国际贸易
例句:International trade is important for economic growth. 国际贸易对经济增长很重要。
练习:
1. The country depends on ______ (international) trade.
2. The ______ (trade) between the two countries has increased.
答案与解析:
1. international(形容词)
2. trade(名词)
35. depend on
词性:动词短语
词义:依靠,取决于
近义词:rely on, count on
反义词:独立于(无固定)
词性转换:depend 是动词(见前)
常见搭配:depend on sb./sth. 依赖;depend on doing 取决于做
例句:We depend on the sun for light and heat. 我们依靠太阳提供光和热。
练习:
1. Children ______ (depend) on their parents.
2. It all ______ (depend) on the weather.
答案与解析:
1. depend(一般现在时,主语复数)
2. depends(第三人称单数)
36. 3D printer
词性:名词短语
词义:3D打印机
近义词:three-dimensional printer
词性转换:printer 名词,print 动词
常见搭配:use a 3D printer 使用3D打印机
例句:A 3D printer can create objects layer by layer. 3D打印机可以逐层创建物体。
练习:
1. The ______ (print) is not working.
2. You need to ______ (print) the document.
答案与解析:
1. printer(名词,打印机)
2. print(动词,打印)
37. without doubt
词性:介词短语
词义:毫无疑问
近义词:undoubtedly, certainly
反义词:doubtfully
词性转换:doubt 是名词
常见搭配:without doubt 常作状语
例句:He is without doubt the best student. 他无疑是最好的学生。
练习:
1. ______ (无) doubt, she will win.
2. There is no ______ (doubt) about it.
答案与解析:
1. Without(介词)
2. doubt(名词)
38. of all time
词性:介词短语
词义:有史以来,空前的
近义词:ever
常见搭配:the greatest of all time 史上最伟大
例句:He is considered one of the best players of all time. 他被认为是有史以来最好的球员之一。
练习:
1. This is the most popular song ______ all time.
2. Of all ______, he is the tallest.
答案与解析:
1. of(介词)
2. time(名词,of all time)
39. make fun of
词性:动词短语
词义:取笑,嘲笑
近义词:laugh at, tease
反义词:respect
词性转换:fun 是名词
常见搭配:make fun of sb./sth.
例句:Don't make fun of others. 不要取笑别人。
练习:
1. It's not polite to make ______ (fun) of the disabled.
2. They ______ (make) fun of his accent yesterday.
答案与解析:
1. fun(名词)
2. made(过去式)
40. traffic jam
词性:名词短语
词义:交通堵塞
近义词:traffic congestion
反义词:畅通
词性转换:traffic 不可数,jam 可数,复数 traffic jams
常见搭配:be stuck in a traffic jam 遇到堵车
例句:I was late because of a traffic jam. 我因为堵车迟到了。
练习:
1. There are always traffic ______ (jam) in the city.
2. The ______ (traffic) is heavy today.
答案与解析:
1. jams(复数)
2. traffic(不可数名词)
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