Unit 4 单元单词表备课 2025-2026学年沪教版八年级英语上册

2026-02-20
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学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 初中英语沪教版八年级上册
年级 八年级
章节 Unit 4 Inventions
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 -
使用场景 同步教学-单元练习
学年 2025-2026
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
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文件大小 40 KB
发布时间 2026-02-20
更新时间 2026-02-20
作者 匿名
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审核时间 2026-02-20
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沪教版8上unit 4英语单词表 教师备课材料 1. balloon 词性:名词 (n.),动词 (v.) 意为“膨胀” 词义:气球 词性转换:复数 balloons;动词过去式 ballooned;现在分词 ballooning 常见搭配:fly a balloon 放气球;balloon flight 气球飞行 例句:Children like to play with balloons. 孩子们喜欢玩气球。 练习: 1. The children are playing with colorful ______ (balloon). 2. The price of vegetables has ______ (balloon) recently. 答案与解析: 1. balloons(可数名词复数) 2. ballooned(动词过去分词,意为“急剧上涨”) 2. wheel 词性:名词 (n.),动词 (v.) 意为“推动,旋转” 词义:轮子,车轮 近义词:tyre(轮胎,但不同) 词性转换:复数 wheels;过去式 wheeled;现在分词 wheeling 常见搭配:steering wheel 方向盘;wheel chair 轮椅;on wheels 用轮子 例句:A car has four wheels. 汽车有四个轮子。 练习: 1. The bike has two ______ (wheel). 2. He ______ (wheel) his bicycle into the garage. 答案与解析: 1. wheels(复数) 2. wheeled(过去式) 3. central 词性:形容词 (adj.) 词义:中心的,中央的;主要的 近义词:main, chief, principal 反义词:local(地方的),peripheral(边缘的) 词性转换:名词 centre/center;副词 centrally 常见搭配:central park 中央公园;central heating 中央供暖;central idea 中心思想 例句:The shop is in a central location. 这家商店位于市中心。 练习: 1. The hotel is ______ (center) located. 2. The ______ (central) of the city is very busy. 答案与解析: 1. centrally(副词修饰located) 2. centre/center(名词,意为“中心”) 4. although 词性:连词 (conj.) 词义:虽然,尽管 近义词:though, even though 反义词:无,但常与but对应 常见搭配:although从句,主句不用but 例句:Although it rained, we went out. 尽管下雨,我们还是出去了。 练习: 1. ______ (虽然) he is old, he works hard. 2. We enjoyed the trip ______ the weather was bad. 答案与解析: 1. Although(连词引导状语从句) 2. although(连词,意为“尽管”) 5. attach 词性:动词 (v.) 词义:附上,系上,贴上;使依附 近义词:fasten, connect, link 反义词:detach 分开,拆下 词性转换:名词 attachment;过去式 attached;现在分词 attaching 常见搭配:attach to 附在……上;attach importance to 重视 例句:Please attach a photo to the application form. 请在申请表上贴一张照片。 练习: 1. The document has an ______ (attach). 2. He ______ (attach) a stamp to the envelope. 答案与解析: 1. attachment(名词,附件) 2. attached(过去式) 6. pull 词性:动词 (v.),名词 (n.) 词义:拉,拖;拉力 近义词:drag, draw, tug 反义词:push 推 词性转换:过去式 pulled;现在分词 pulling;名词 pull 常见搭配:pull up 停车;pull out 拔出;pull down 拆毁;pull over 靠边停车 例句:He pulled the door open. 他把门拉开了。 练习: 1. The train is ______ (pull) into the station. 2. Give the rope a hard ______ (pull). 答案与解析: 1. pulling(现在进行时) 2. pull(名词,意为“拉”) 7. international 词性:形容词 (adj.) 词义:国际的 近义词:global, worldwide 反义词:national(国内的),local(当地的) 词性转换:名词 internationalization;副词 internationally 常见搭配:international trade 国际贸易;international airport 国际机场;international relations 国际关系 例句:English is an international language. 英语是一门国际语言。 练习: 1. The company has expanded ______ (international). 2. The conference is ______ (international) important. 答案与解析: 1. internationally(副词,意为“在国际上”) 2. internationally(副词修饰important) 8. path 词性:名词 (n.) 词义:小路,路径;道路 近义词:way, road, track, route 词性转换:复数 paths 常见搭配:path to success 成功之路;a bicycle path 自行车道 例句:We walked along the path through the woods. 我们沿着林间小路走。 练习: 1. There are many ______ (path) in the park. 2. The ______ (path) leads to the river. 答案与解析: 1. paths(复数) 2. path(单数) 9. technique 词性:名词 (n.) 词义:技术,技巧,方法 近义词:skill, method, approach 词性转换:形容词 technical;副词 technically;名词 technician 技师 常见搭配:learning technique 学习技巧;advanced technique 先进技术 例句:He is learning new techniques in painting. 他正在学习绘画的新技巧。 练习: 1. He is a ______ (technique) expert. 2. The job requires special ______ (technique) skills. 答案与解析: 1. technical(形容词,技术的) 2. technical(形容词修饰skills) 10. depend 词性:动词 (v.) 词义:依靠,依赖;取决于 近义词:rely, count on 反义词:独立(无固定反义词) 词性转换:形容词 dependent 依赖的;名词 dependence 依赖;名词 dependency 附属国;形容词 dependable 可靠的 常见搭配:depend on/upon 依靠;It depends 看情况 例句:Children depend on their parents for food and shelter. 孩子们依靠父母提供食物和住所。 练习: 1. She is completely ______ (depend) on her parents. 2. The success of the event ______ (depend) on the weather. 答案与解析: 1. dependent(形容词,依赖的) 2. depends(动词第三人称单数) 11. doubt 词性:名词 (n.),动词 (v.) 词义:怀疑,疑惑 近义词:uncertainty, suspicion (n.); question (v.) 反义词:certainty(确定),trust(信任) 词性转换:形容词 doubtful 怀疑的;副词 doubtfully;形容词 undoubted 无疑的 常见搭配:without doubt 毫无疑问;in doubt 不确定;no doubt 无疑 例句:There is no doubt that he is honest. 毫无疑问他是诚实的。 练习: 1. I have some ______ (doubt) about his story. 2. It is ______ (doubt) whether he will come. 答案与解析: 1. doubts(名词复数) 2. doubtful(形容词,可疑的) 12. personally 词性:副词 (adv.) 词义:亲自地;就个人而言 近义词:in person, individually 反义词:impersonally 非个人地 词性转换:形容词 personal 个人的;名词 person 人 常见搭配:personally speaking 就个人而言;take it personally 认为针对自己 例句:Personally, I don't agree with you. 就个人而言,我不同意你。 练习: 1. This is a ______ (person) matter. 2. He will attend the meeting ______ (person). 答案与解析: 1. personal(形容词,个人的) 2. personally(副词,亲自地) 13. prediction 词性:名词 (n.) 词义:预测,预言 近义词:forecast, prophecy 词性转换:动词 predict;形容词 predictable 可预测的;副词 predictably 常见搭配:weather prediction 天气预报;make a prediction 做出预测 例句:His prediction came true. 他的预言成真了。 练习: 1. It is hard to ______ (prediction) the future. 2. The weather is ______ (predict) today. 答案与解析: 1. predict(动词,预测) 2. predictable(形容词,可预测的) 14. statement 词性:名词 (n.) 词义:声明,陈述;报表 近义词:declaration, announcement 词性转换:动词 state;形容词 stated 规定的 常见搭配:make a statement 发表声明;bank statement 银行对账单 例句:The president issued a statement. 总统发表了一项声明。 练习: 1. He ______ (state) his opinion clearly. 2. The witness gave a false ______ (state). 答案与解析: 1. stated(动词过去式) 2. statement(名词) 15. benefit 词性:名词 (n.),动词 (v.) 词义:利益,好处;受益 近义词:advantage, profit (n.); gain (v.) 反义词:disadvantage, harm 词性转换:形容词 beneficial 有益的;副词 beneficially 常见搭配:benefit from 从……中受益;for the benefit of 为了……的利益 例句:Regular exercise benefits our health. 定期锻炼有益健康。 练习: 1. Reading is ______ (benefit) to your mind. 2. We all ______ (benefit) from his advice. 答案与解析: 1. beneficial(形容词,有益的) 2. benefit(动词,一般现在时,主语we,用原形) 16. wing 词性:名词 (n.) 词义:翅膀;机翼;侧翼 词性转换:复数 wings;形容词 winged 有翼的 常见搭配:left wing 左翼;right wing 右翼;on the wing 在飞行中 例句:The bird spread its wings. 鸟儿展开翅膀。 练习: 1. The plane has two ______ (wing). 2. The bird ______ (wing) its way south. 答案与解析: 1. wings(复数) 2. wings(动词,第三人称单数,wing one's way 意为“飞行”) 17. distance 词性:名词 (n.) 词义:距离;远处 近义词:length, space 词性转换:形容词 distant 遥远的;副词 distantly 常见搭配:in the distance 在远处;keep distance 保持距离;distance learning 远程学习 例句:What's the distance from here to the station? 从这里到车站有多远? 练习: 1. The school is ______ (distance) from my home. 2. We saw a light in the ______ (distant). 答案与解析: 1. distant(形容词,遥远的) 2. distance(名词,in the distance 固定搭配) 18. petrol 词性:名词 (n.) 词义:汽油(英式英语) 近义词:gasoline(美式) 词性转换:无常见转换,可作定语 常见搭配:petrol station 加油站;run out of petrol 汽油用完了 例句:We need to fill up the car with petrol. 我们需要给车加满汽油。 练习: 1. The car ran out of ______ (petrol). 2. We stopped at a ______ (petrol) station. 答案与解析: 1. petrol(不可数名词) 2. petrol(名词作定语) 19. avoid 词性:动词 (v.) 词义:避免,避开 近义词:keep away from, evade 反义词:face, meet 词性转换:名词 avoidance;形容词 avoidable 可避免的 常见搭配:avoid doing sth. 避免做某事 例句:You should avoid making the same mistake. 你应该避免犯同样的错误。 练习: 1. The accident was ______ (avoid) if he had been careful. 2. He tried to ______ (avoid) meeting her. 答案与解析: 1. avoidable(形容词,可避免的) 2. avoid(动词,后接动名词) 20. anywhere 词性:副词 (adv.) 词义:任何地方 近义词:anyplace 反义词:nowhere 词性转换:无,可作名词 常见搭配:not anywhere 无处;anywhere else 任何其他地方 例句:I can't find my keys anywhere. 我到处都找不到钥匙。 练习: 1. Is there ______ (anywhere) we can go? 2. I have nowhere to go, but he can go ______ (anywhere). 答案与解析: 1. anywhere(副词) 2. anywhere(副词) 21. notice 词性:名词 (n.),动词 (v.) 词义:注意;通知;布告 近义词:attention (n.); observe (v.) 反义词:ignore (v.) 词性转换:形容词 noticeable 显著的;副词 noticeably 常见搭配:take notice of 注意;notice sb. do/doing 注意到某人做/正在做;at short notice 临时通知 例句:Did you notice anything unusual? 你注意到什么异常吗? 练习: 1. There is a ______ (notice) on the wall. 2. She ______ (notice) him leave the room. 答案与解析: 1. notice(名词,布告) 2. noticed(动词过去式) 22. type 词性:名词 (n.),动词 (v.) 词义:类型,种类;打字 近义词:kind, sort (n.); typewrite (v.) 词性转换:形容词 typical 典型的;副词 typically;名词 typist 打字员 常见搭配:different types of 不同种类的;type of blood 血型 例句:What type of music do you like? 你喜欢什么类型的音乐? 练习: 1. She is a fast ______ (type). 2. This is a ______ (type) example. 答案与解析: 1. typist(名词,打字员) 2. typical(形容词,典型的) 23. mixture 词性:名词 (n.) 词义:混合,混合物 近义词:blend, combination 反义词:separation 词性转换:动词 mix;形容词 mixed 混合的 常见搭配:a mixture of 混合 例句:The drink is a mixture of fruit juices. 这种饮料是多种果汁的混合物。 练习: 1. You need to ______ (mixture) the ingredients well. 2. The cake is made from a ______ (mix) of flour and sugar. 答案与解析: 1. mix(动词,混合) 2. mixture(名词,混合物) 24. heat 词性:名词 (n.),动词 (v.) 词义:热,热量;加热 近义词:warmth (n.); warm (v.) 反义词:cold (n.); cool (v.) 词性转换:形容词 hot 热的;副词 hotly;名词 heater 加热器 常见搭配:heat up 加热;in the heat of 在……热烈中 例句:The sun gives us heat. 太阳给我们热量。 练习: 1. Please ______ (heat) the soup. 2. The weather is very ______ (heat) today. 答案与解析: 1. heat(动词,加热) 2. hot(形容词,热的) 25. press 词性:动词 (v.),名词 (n.) 词义:按,压;印刷;新闻界 近义词:push (v.); media (n.) 反义词:pull (v.) 词性转换:名词 pressure 压力;形容词 pressing 紧迫的 常见搭配:press the button 按按钮;press conference 记者招待会;in the press 在报刊上 例句:Press the button to start. 按按钮启动。 练习: 1. He is under great ______ (press) at work. 2. The ______ (press) are waiting outside. 答案与解析: 1. pressure(名词,压力) 2. press(名词,新闻界,此处作复数用) 26. metal 词性:名词 (n.) 词义:金属 反义词:非金属 词性转换:形容词 metallic 金属的 常见搭配:metal detector 金属探测器;heavy metal 重金属 例句:Iron is a kind of metal. 铁是一种金属。 练习: 1. This coin is made of ______ (metal). 2. The box has a ______ (metal) surface. 答案与解析: 1. metal(名词,不可数) 2. metallic(形容词,金属的) 27. steam locomotive 词性:名词短语 词义:蒸汽机车 近义词:steam engine 词性转换:locomotive 可单独使用,名词复数 locomotives;steam 名词 常见搭配:a steam locomotive 蒸汽机车 例句:The steam locomotive was invented in the 19th century. 蒸汽机车发明于19世纪。 练习: 1. The invention of the ______ (locomotive) changed transportation. 2. The engine is powered by ______ (steam). 答案与解析: 1. locomotive(名词,机车) 2. steam(名词,蒸汽) 28. crewed spacecraft 词性:名词短语 词义:载人航天器 近义词:manned spacecraft 反义词:uncrewed spacecraft 词性转换:crewed 形容词,由 crew 加 ed;crew 名词,全体船员;spacecraft 单复同形 常见搭配:crewed mission 载人任务 例句:China launched its first crewed spacecraft in 2003. 中国在2003年发射了第一艘载人航天器。 练习: 1. The ______ (crew) spacecraft will return tomorrow. 2. The ship has a ______ (crew) of 50. 答案与解析: 1. crewed(形容词,载人的) 2. crew(名词,全体船员) 29. on foot 词性:介词短语 词义:步行 近义词:walking 反义词:by vehicle 常见搭配:go on foot 步行去 例句:I usually go to school on foot. 我通常步行上学。 练习: 1. How do you get to work? I go ______ foot. 2. It's faster to walk than to drive in traffic. So we decided to go on ______. 答案与解析: 1. on foot(固定搭配) 2. foot(名词,on foot) 30. a number of 词性:短语(后接可数名词复数) 词义:许多,若干 近义词:many, several, a lot of 反义词:a few(少数) 词性转换:number 本身是名词 注意:a number of 后接复数名词,谓语用复数;the number of 表示“……的数量”,谓语用单数 常见搭配:a large number of 大量 例句:A number of students are playing football. 许多学生在踢足球。 练习: 1. A number of books ______ (be) missing. 2. The number of books in the library ______ (be) large. 答案与解析: 1. are(a number of + 复数名词,谓语用复数) 2. is(the number of 表示数量,谓语用单数) 31. take place 词性:动词短语 词义:发生,举行 近义词:happen, occur 词性转换:无,但 place 是名词 常见搭配:take place 无被动语态 例句:The meeting will take place next week. 会议将在下周举行。 练习: 1. The story ______ (take) place in a small town. 2. Great changes have ______ place in my hometown. 答案与解析: 1. takes(一般现在时,第三人称单数) 2. taken(现在完成时,have taken place) 32. for instance 词性:介词短语 词义:例如 近义词:for example, such as 词性转换:instance 是名词 常见搭配:for instance 常置于句首或句中,用逗号隔开 例句:Many animals, for instance, dogs, are loyal. 许多动物,例如狗,很忠诚。 练习: 1. There are many famous poets, ______ (例如) Li Bai. 2. In many countries, ______ instance, Japan, people bow to greet. 答案与解析: 1. for instance(固定短语) 2. for instance(固定短语) 33. large amounts of 词性:短语(后接不可数名词或复数名词) 词义:大量的 近义词:a lot of, plenty of 反义词:small amounts of 词性转换:amount 是名词,复数 amounts 常见搭配:large amounts of + 不可数名词,谓语用复数(因为 amounts 是复数),也可接可数名词复数 例句:Large amounts of money were spent. 花了大量的钱。 练习: 1. Large amounts of water ______ (be) wasted. 2. The ______ (amount) of work is huge. 答案与解析: 1. are(amounts 是复数,谓语用复数) 2. amount(单数,the amount of 谓语用单数) 34. international trade 词性:名词短语 词义:国际贸易 近义词:global trade 反义词:domestic trade 词性转换:international 形容词,trade 名词 常见搭配:engage in international trade 从事国际贸易 例句:International trade is important for economic growth. 国际贸易对经济增长很重要。 练习: 1. The country depends on ______ (international) trade. 2. The ______ (trade) between the two countries has increased. 答案与解析: 1. international(形容词) 2. trade(名词) 35. depend on 词性:动词短语 词义:依靠,取决于 近义词:rely on, count on 反义词:独立于(无固定) 词性转换:depend 是动词(见前) 常见搭配:depend on sb./sth. 依赖;depend on doing 取决于做 例句:We depend on the sun for light and heat. 我们依靠太阳提供光和热。 练习: 1. Children ______ (depend) on their parents. 2. It all ______ (depend) on the weather. 答案与解析: 1. depend(一般现在时,主语复数) 2. depends(第三人称单数) 36. 3D printer 词性:名词短语 词义:3D打印机 近义词:three-dimensional printer 词性转换:printer 名词,print 动词 常见搭配:use a 3D printer 使用3D打印机 例句:A 3D printer can create objects layer by layer. 3D打印机可以逐层创建物体。 练习: 1. The ______ (print) is not working. 2. You need to ______ (print) the document. 答案与解析: 1. printer(名词,打印机) 2. print(动词,打印) 37. without doubt 词性:介词短语 词义:毫无疑问 近义词:undoubtedly, certainly 反义词:doubtfully 词性转换:doubt 是名词 常见搭配:without doubt 常作状语 例句:He is without doubt the best student. 他无疑是最好的学生。 练习: 1. ______ (无) doubt, she will win. 2. There is no ______ (doubt) about it. 答案与解析: 1. Without(介词) 2. doubt(名词) 38. of all time 词性:介词短语 词义:有史以来,空前的 近义词:ever 常见搭配:the greatest of all time 史上最伟大 例句:He is considered one of the best players of all time. 他被认为是有史以来最好的球员之一。 练习: 1. This is the most popular song ______ all time. 2. Of all ______, he is the tallest. 答案与解析: 1. of(介词) 2. time(名词,of all time) 39. make fun of 词性:动词短语 词义:取笑,嘲笑 近义词:laugh at, tease 反义词:respect 词性转换:fun 是名词 常见搭配:make fun of sb./sth. 例句:Don't make fun of others. 不要取笑别人。 练习: 1. It's not polite to make ______ (fun) of the disabled. 2. They ______ (make) fun of his accent yesterday. 答案与解析: 1. fun(名词) 2. made(过去式) 40. traffic jam 词性:名词短语 词义:交通堵塞 近义词:traffic congestion 反义词:畅通 词性转换:traffic 不可数,jam 可数,复数 traffic jams 常见搭配:be stuck in a traffic jam 遇到堵车 例句:I was late because of a traffic jam. 我因为堵车迟到了。 练习: 1. There are always traffic ______ (jam) in the city. 2. The ______ (traffic) is heavy today. 答案与解析: 1. jams(复数) 2. traffic(不可数名词) 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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Unit 4 单元单词表备课 2025-2026学年沪教版八年级英语上册
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Unit 4 单元单词表备课 2025-2026学年沪教版八年级英语上册
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Unit 4 单元单词表备课 2025-2026学年沪教版八年级英语上册
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