UNIT 11 SECTION Ⅲ GRAMMAR（教师版）-【创新教程】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册五维课堂同步复习（北师大版）

英语(BSD)·选择性必修第四册 SECTIONⅢGRAMMAR 语法。体悟精析 对应学生讲义P50 GRAMMAR1—被动语态 语境美文 语法感悟 My best friend,Jack,is very clever but a little naughty.Jack (1)1、9两处can表示能力。 1.can not only sing but also play the piano well.He 2.will help (2)2、8两处表示“意愿”。 anyone who 3.should have got into trouble. (3)3、7处should表示“概率很低”， During class he 4.would talk for a while when the teacher is 可译为“万一”。 absent,and says:"Our teacher 5.can't stay in the office.He (4)4处would表示“习惯”，可译 6.might have gone home for a rest.If the teacher 7.should catch 为“会”。 us talking,I 8.would take the responsibility."We 9.can't help (5)5处can't和6处might表示“可 laughing. 能性”，可译为“不可能，可能”。 情态动词 否定式 否定缩略式 用来表明说话者情绪、态度和语气等的动词， would would not wouldn't 叫做情态动词。它表示人的能力、推测、请求、义 have to do not have to don't have to 务、意愿、需要等。情态动词本身具有一定的词义， need need not needn't 但不能单独作谓语，需要和其他实义动词一起构成 谓语。情态动词无人称和数的变化(have to除 had better had better not 'd better not 外)，但有些情态动词有过去式。否定式在其后加 ◆[语境感悟] not,疑问句则将其置于主语之前。英语中常用的 My mother can't use the computer yet. 情态动词主要有can,could,may,might,must, 我妈妈还不会使用电脑。 shall,should,will,would,ought to,need,dare, used to,have to,had better等。 Could you speak a little clearly? 你能说清楚一点吗？ 1,基本构成 Mr.Smith is absent.He may be ill. 常见的情态动词的否定式及否定缩略式，如下 史密斯先生缺席，他可能病了。 表所示： You shall get what you want if you behave well. 情态动词 否定式 否定缩略式 如果表现好的话，你就会得到你想要的东西。 can cannot can't We should respect our teachers and parents. could could not couldn't 我们应该尊重老师和父母。 must must not mustn't Oil will float on water. should should not shouldn't 油会浮在水面上。 will will not won't He dares to do what he wants to. 只要他想做，他就敢做。 ·76· UNIT 11 CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE Ⅱ.基本用法 ◆[语境感悟] 1.can/can't It is late.I have to go home now. 情态动词 基本用法 天很晚了。我现在必须回家。 “能，会”，表示一种能力 -Do I have to go there now? 我现在就得去那儿吗？ “可能”，表示客观上的一种可能性， can “有时可能会…” -No,you don't have to./No,you needn't. 不，你不必。 “可以”，表示请求许可 ◆[即学活用2]一翻译句子/同义句转换 “不能”，表示禁止 ①彼得很累了，他必须休息一下。 can't “不可能”，表示否定的可能性 Peter was very tired and he had to have a rest. (1)can表示“客观上的某种可能性”时，往往用于 ②你没有必要现在就去学校。 否定句和疑问句，若表示“肯定的推测”则用 You don't have to/needn't go to school now. must. 3You needn't come tomorrow,for we will have a (2)can与be able to的区别 day off. can表示一种能力，表示主语本身具有的某种 You don't have to come tomorrow,for we will 能力，只有现在时和过去时两种形式；be able to have a day off. 表示经过努力后能做某事，有多种时态。 3.ought to/ought not to ◆[语境感悟] She can drive,but she can't ride a bicycle. 情态动词 基本用法 她会开车，但她不会骑自行车。（能力） “应当、应该”，表示给别人的一种 -Can I use your telephone? ought to 建议或义务、责任 —我可以用一下你的电话吗？ -Yes,of course you can. “不应当、不应该”，表示建议别人 ought not to 当然可以。（许可） 不要做某事 Jogging can be harmful to health. 慢跑有时侯可能会对健康有害。（一种可能性） ought to的否定形式是在ought后加not;一般 The door is locked.She can't be at home. 疑问句是将ought直接提前；反意疑问句有两种 门是锁着的。她不可能在家。（表示推测） 形式，“shouldn't+主语”或“oughtn't+主语”； You can't smoke in the office. ought to have done表示“过去应该做却没有做” 在办公室内你不能抽烟。（表示禁止） 的一种虚拟语气。 ◆[即学活用1]—选词填空 ◆[语境感悟] D Mary can (can;can't)speak three languages You ought to finish your work before you go home. and she is studying the fourth language. 你应该在回家之前完成你的工作。 2This can't (can;can't)be done by him,for he You ought to obey your parents when they are was not here. right. 3 He was able to (could;was able to)go to the 当你的父母是对的时候你应该顺从他们。 party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy You ought not to smoke so much. rain. 2.have to/not have to 你不应该抽这么多烟。 ◆[即学活用3]一完成句子/翻译句子 情态动词 基本用法 DYou shouldn't/ought not to waste any time. “必须，不得不”，表示客观上的 have to 你不应该浪费时间。 需要 2You should/ought to be polite to your teachers. not have to “没有必要”，相当于needn't 你对老师应该有礼貌。 ·77 英语(BSD)·选择性必修第四册 3He ought to be here,oughtn't/shouldn't he? ◆[语境感悟] 他应该在这里，是不是？ They could have sent up the satellite successfully. DOught we to do it at once? 他们本来能够成功发射这颗卫星的。 我们应该立刻做这件事吗？ You should have told me earlier or I might have 4.need和dare gone with them. (I)need作情态动词时，表示“需要；必须”；dare表 你应该早点告诉我，不然的话我就会和他们一块 示“敢，敢于”。常用于否定句和疑问句中，后接 去了。 动词原形，否定形式分别为need not和 You ought to/should have been more careful. dare not。 ◆[语境感悟 你本应该更小心一些的。 You needn't answer him the question immediately. If you had studied hard,you might have passed the 你不必立即回答他这个问题。 exam. -Need we make the test? 如果你努力学习的话，你可能会及格的。 -Yes,we must./No,we needn't. From what you said,she must have told you all 我们需要做这个试验吗？ about it. 是的，需要。/不，不需要。 从你所说的来看，她一定把一切都告诉你了。 If he dare go,I'll go with him. You needn't have told them about it. 如果他敢去，我就跟着他去。 你本来没有必要告诉他们那件事。 (2)need和dare常用作实义动词，有时态、人称和 ◆[即学活用5]一用“情态动词+have done”完 数的变化，后面可接带to的不定式。 成句子 ◆[语境感悟] DThey must have been to the Great Wall,haven't You don't need to be told twice. they? 不必告诉你两遍。 Tom didn't dare to do it. 他们一定是去了长城，不是吗？ 汤姆不敢做那件事。 2He can't/couldn't have watched TV last night, ◆[即学活用4]一用适当的情态动词填空 for he knew he would have a test. DYou needn't see him,but I must. 昨天晚上他不可能看电视，因为他知道就要考 2Dare you go home alone? 试了。 3He asked me whether I dare swim across the river. 3He could have passed the exam,but he was too 5.情态动词+have done careless. “情态动词+have done”表示对过去事情的推测 本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心了。 can/could ①过去可能（表示推测） 4You should/ought to have done more exercise have done ②本能做而未做（表示虚拟） before. should/ought to 以前你本应该多进行锻炼的。 ③本该做而未做 have done 5 You might/may have read about it in the news- may/might ④过去也许做了（表示推测） papers. have done ⑤本可能做而未做（表示虚拟） 你可能已经在报上看过这个消息了。 6I needn't have cooked so much food.Nobody must have done ⑥一定已经做了 was hungry. needn't have done ⑦本不必做而做了 我本不必做这么多吃的，大家都不饿。 ·78· UNIT 11 CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE 课时。素养提升 对应学生课时P31 [基础性] 4.He couldn't/can't have finished the task. I.选词填空 他不可能已经完成了这项任务。 oughtn't,ought to,ought not to,can,can't,must, 5.He was so drunk that he was not able to find the mustn't,don't have to,have to door. 他喝得烂醉，以至于找不到门。 1.It is usually warm in my hometown in March, 6.We wanted help badly,but we daren't ask for it. but it can be rather cold sometimes. 我们急需帮助，但没敢要求。 2.-Isn't that Ann's husband over there? 7.In this exhibition,you can see paper-cutting with -No,it can't be him.I am sure he doesn't wear all kinds of patterns. glasses. 在这次展览中，你能看到各种形式的剪纸。 3.-Shall I tell Tony about it? 8.If you will join,you may send your information -No,you don't have to.I've told him already. to ping pong@123.com. 4.You mustn't drive into a street with a "No 如果你要参加，你可以发送你的信息到ping- Entry'”sign. pong@123.com。 5.-Mum,can I go to Charlie's birthday party 9.We should take pains to improve ourselves through tonight? learning and get prepared for the future. -Yes,you can,but you must return home 我们应该尽力通过学习提升自我并为将来做好 before 10 o'clock. 准备。 6.-I didn't tell my parents that I would leave 10.Mr.Smith can't have gone to Beijing,for I saw home. him in the library just now. -You ought to have when you left home since 史密斯先生不可能去北京了，因为我刚才在图 you are living with them. 书馆看见他了。 7.We ought to help each other in our work, [综合性] oughtn't we? I.阅读理解 8.I ought not to have watched that movie-it'll A give me horrible dreams. I live in New York City,and my neighbours 9.My parents never remember my telephone num- are people I don't know.My city,neighbourhood ber,and they always have to look it up. and block are filled with people who don't know [应用性] me,don't care to know me,and don't talk to me.I Ⅱ.完成句子 find that it's pretty hard to love people you don't 1.If you plan on working out in a gym,that person even know.And sometimes,we all,myself includ- must belong to the same gym. ed,use that as an excuse not to try.I read 如果你计划到体育馆锻炼，那个（和你一起锻炼 Brendan's story recently and was moved. 的)人一定属于同一馆。 One day,Brendan,a young man in New York, 2.You ought not to have let out the news. was on the way back to his Brooklyn apartment 你不该泄露这个消息。 when a homeless woman called Jackie asked him 3.-Must I go to meet him at the station now? for money.He said that he had no money.By the -No,you needn't.The train he takes will end of the week,she asked two more times,and arrive in an hour. each time he answered“no”.The woman looked 我现在就去车站接他吗？ sad,so Brendan said,"I am on my way to a job in- 一不，你不必。他乘坐的火车一小时以后才能 terview.If I get the job,I will take you out for Chi- 到达。 nese food." ·79· 英语(BSD)·选择性必修第四册 Brendan got the job.He took Jackie out for 3.After Brendan and Jackie had lunch together, lunch.That was when their friendship began.They they built a strong friendship by supporting each other A.developed a new friendship and spending their birthdays,holidays and difficult B.helped each other find work times together,over a period of eight years.When C.fell in love with each other Brendan's heater broke,Jackie made a blanket for D.discovered they were classmates him.Two days later when he told her that he had 解析：A[细节理解题。根据第三段的“Bren lost his job,she left and returned minutes later, dan got the job.He took Jackie out for lunch. bringing him food to eat.She continued to do that That was when their friendship began.”可知，他 during the whole winter.Even with so little,she 们之间建立起了一份新的友谊。] often gave back. 4.What does the underlined word "it"in Paragraph 4 Over these years,Jackie moved from the refer to? streets and subway stations into a halfway house, A.Jackie's finding work at Target. and is now moving into an apartment.To celebrate B.Jackie's moving from the streets. it,Brendan wanted to do something special for C.Jackie's moving into an apartment. Jackie.He went with her to Target,and helped her D.Jackie's moving into a halfway house. to pick out everything she would need for her new 解析：C[代词指代题。根据画线词前面的 apartment. “..is now moving into an apartment..”可推断， May Brendan's story encourage us to find a “it”指代的是搬进公寓一事。] new way to honor,serve and love the people B around us. We can make mistakes at any age.Some mis- [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。作者住在纽约， takes we make are about money,but most mistakes 几乎从来不跟他的邻居说话。当他读过布兰登和 are about people."Did Jerry really care when I 杰基相互帮助并建立起了深厚友谊的故事后，深受 broke up with Helen?""When I got that great job, 触动。 did Jim really feel good about it,as a friend?Or 1.What can we learn about the author from Para- did he envy my luck?"When we look back,doubts graph 1? like these can make us feel bad.But when we look A.He often stays indoors. back,it's too late. B.He cares about his neighbours. Why do we go wrong about our friends or our C.He is good at making friends. enemies?Sometimes what people say hides their D.He hardly talks to his neighbours. real meaning.And if we don't really listen,we will 解析：D[推理判断题。根据第一段的“I live in miss the feeling behind the words.Suppose some- New York City,and my...and don't talk to one tells you,"You're a lucky dog.Is he really on me.”可推断，作者几乎从来不跟他的邻居 your side?If he says,“You're a lucky guy”or 说话。] "You're a lucky girl",that's being friendly.But 2.What did Brendan do when Jackie asked him for "lucky dog"?There's a bit of envy in those money? words.Maybe he doesn't see it himself.But bring- A.He was angry with her. ing in the“dog”puts you down a little.What he B.He didn't give her any. may be saying is that he doesn't think you deserve C.He offered her some food. your luck. D.He gave her some spare change. "Just think of all the things you have to be 解析：B[细节理解题。根据第二段的“He said thankful for"is another noise that says one thing that he had no money...he answered‘no'.”可 and means another.It could mean that the speaker 知，布兰登并没有给杰基钱。] is trying to get you to see your problem as part of ·80· UNIT 11 CONFLICT AND COMPROMISE your life as a whole.But is he?Being wrapped C.to stop for a while and decide whether to )up in this expression is the thought that your believe him problem isn't important.It's telling you to think of D.to check his words against his manner,tone all the starving people in the world when you and posture haven't got a date for Saturday night. 解析：D[细节理解题。根据最后一段中的 How can you tell the real meaning behind "One way is to take a good look at the person someone's words?One way is to take a good look talking.Do his words fit the way he looks?Does at the person talking.Do his words fit the way he what he says consist with the tone of voice?His looks?Does what he says consist with the tone of posture?The look in his eyes?”可知，D项为正 voice??His posture？The look in his eyes？Stop 确答案。] 8.This passage tries to tell you how to and think.The minute you spend thinking about A.avoid mistakes in understanding what people the real meaning of what people say to you may tell you save another mistake. B.say things appropriately to avoid mistakes [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。本文通过举例 C.keep people always faithful to you 子来说明如何理解别人对我们说的话，避免误解别 D.avoid regretting about making mistakes 人的意思。 解析：A[主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主 5.When recalling things that have happened 要是通过举例子来说明如何理解别人对我们说 between our friends and us,we may 的话，避免误解别人的意思。] A.feel good to have friends standing by us Ⅱ.完形填空 B.think it was a mistake to view some people as When you first hear the words"“lung cancer'”, friends you will think that's the end of the world.Camille, C.misread some of our friends'true feelings a 53-year-old mother of two teens is not 1 But D.keep looking back to find mistakes we've made fortunately,science is progressing rapidly,and a 解析：C[推理判断题。根据第一段中的 series of tests help to 2 that the right medicine "When we look back,doubts like these can reaches the right patient at the right time.Many make us feel bad.But when we look back,it's people,like Camille,are 3 from cancer diag- too late.”可知，我们回忆起和朋友的交谈时，会 nostic testing. 发现误解了朋友，但是等我们知道时，已经太 With proper 4 and medical care,Camille 晚了。] is now able to keep her daily 5 while treating 6.By saying“You're a lucky dog”,the speaker her disease.She gets a CT scan every three months to 6 for any changes.Now she's swimming a A.is just being friendly quarter of a mile twice a week and she can 7 with her kids'school.She said,"There are some B.expresses the same meaning as "You're a things that I know I should take slowly,but lucky guy'” 8,it's mostly back to 9 for us.I couldn't C.may have a hidden envious feeling even 10 when I was first diagnosed(诊断). D.intends to put the listener down However,I became very 11 ."As part of that 解析：C[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But gratitude,12 has become even more important ‘lucky dog'？There's a bit of envy in those to Camille since her diagnosis. words.”可知，这句话的背后可能会藏着说话者 "I've always been the caretaker and the volun- 的嫉妒之心。] teer,but people have helped me,particularly in the 7.In listening to a person,the important thing is last couple of months,so I really want to 13 that back,”she said.“I want to help people who A.to listen carefully to how he utters his words are in the same 14 as I am.I would tell them B.to observe his tone,his posture,and there're a lot of 15 out there and that it's not his clothes hopeless.” ·81· 英语(BSD)·选择性必修第四册 [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。53岁的卡米尔 8.A.besides B.moreover 身患肺癌，经过治疗后，她现在过上了正常的生活， C.otherwise D.instead 同时也积极当志愿者帮助跟自己有相同处境的人。 解析：C[根据下文的“it's mostly back to 1.A.asleep B.alone for us'”并结合语境可知，此处表示有些事 C.lonely D.together 情她知道应该慢慢来，但“在其他方面”。对她们 解析：B[根据最后一段中的“I want to help 来说基本上会恢复正常了。故选C。] people who are in the same 14 as I 9.A.surprise B.nature am.”可知，此处指她不是“唯一”一个患肺癌的 C.special D.normal 人。故选B。] 解析：D[根据上文的“There are some things 2.A.make sense B.make up that I know I should take slowly,but 6 C.make sure D.make out it's mostly back to'”并结合语境可知，此处指对 解析：C[根据语境并结合四个选项可知，此处 她们来说基本上会恢复“正常”了。故选D。门 指一系列的测试有助于“确保”正确的药物在正 10.A.stand B.remember 确的时间用到正确的病人身上。故选C。] C.realise D.lie 3.A.benefiting B.escaping 解析：A[根据上文的“Camille is now able to C.traveling D.deserving keep her daily'”并结合语境可知，此处指她刚确 解析：A[根据下文的“With proper 4 诊的时候都“站不住”。故选A。] and medical care,Camille is now able to keep her 11.A.pitiful B.grateful daily 5 while treating her disease.”可 C.cautious D.impatient 知。卡米尔正在从癌症诊断测试中“受益”。故 解析：B[根据下文的“As part of that grati- 选A.] tude”可知，此处指她非常“感激”。故选B。] 4.A.relaxation B.protection 12.A.struggling B.engineering C.entertainment D.treatment C.volunteering D.pioneering 解析：D[根据下文的“and medical care'”并结合 解析：C[根据下文的“I've always been the 语境可知，此处指经过适当的“治疗”和医疗护 caretaker and the volunteer'”可知，此处指“志愿 理。故选D。] 服务”对她来说变得更加重要。故选C。] 5.A.program B.process 13.A.take B.look C.routine D.service C.return D.give 解析：C[daily routine是固定短语，意为“日常 解析：D[根据语境并结合四个选项可知，此 生活”，结合语境可知，此处指在治疗她的疾病的 处指她想把他人的善意“还”给他们。故选D。] 同时维持她的日常生活。故选C。] 14.A.situation B.occupation 6.A.manage B.monitor C.relationship D.system C.follow D.record 解析：A[根据语境可知，此处指她想帮助和 解析：B[根据上文的“gets a CT scan”并结合 自己“处境”相同的人。故选A。] 语境可知，此处指她每三个月做一次CT扫描是 为了“检查”有无变化。故选B。] 15.A.opinions B.options C.difficulties D.decisions 7.A.help B.accompany 解析：B[根据下文的“that it's not hopeless'” C.greet D.save 并结合上文提到的治疗可知。此处指他们有很 解析：A[根据语境可知，此处指她可以“帮助” 孩子们上学。故选A。] 多“选择”。故选B。] ·82·