UNIT 12 SECTION Ⅴ LESSON 3-【创新教程】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册五维课堂课时作业（北师大版）

心课时作业 英课时 SECTION V LESSO 语作业 [基础性] I.单词拼写 1.There has been a sharp (下 in profits this year. 2.The stone rolled down the mountain by (重力). 3.The wedding was a very (宏大的)occasion. 4.She (克服)injury to win the Olympic gold medal last year. 5.I offered to give them a lift but they (拒绝) 6.The first year provides students with a sound (理论的)ba sis for later study. 7.Being able to walk to work is an added (意外收获)of the new job. 8.Further treatment will (阻止)cancer from developing. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1. the heavy snow,he managed to come. 2.Thankfully the smoking of cigarettes is the decline. 3.He spent 7 days in the wind and snow, cold and (hunger). 4.Not only Tom and Mary but also I (be)fond of swimming. 5.Her sudden arrival prevented him (go)out. 6.Not only mothers not paid but also most of their boring work is unnoticed. ·63 UNIT 12 INNOVATION N 3 STEPHEN HAWKING 间 纠错空间 [应用性] Ⅲ.完成句子 1. (不顾)the fog the crew can distinguish the coastline fairly well. 2.Although his illness had him (阻止…做…) studying,he managed to pass the ex- am, 3.Water companies should concentrate on reducing waste (而 不是)building new lakes. 4.His lack of experience had (导致)his downfall. 5.I have nothing to do 方法总结 我没有别的办法，只好等待。 6.This pair of shoes are comfortable 这双鞋子谈不上漂亮，但穿起来很 舒服。 7.He has visited every country in Asia 4+44+++44+4年404040 除了日本之外，他访问了所有的亚洲 国家。 8 he you are wrong. 不但他错了，你也错了。 9.Most of the meals can serve two people and are under $10,so is it affordable practical as well. 大部分饭菜花不了10美元就够两个人 享用，因此它不仅实惠而且实用。 10.As a community with a shared future, people in China 作为一个命运共同体，中国人民同舟 共济、攻坚克难。 选择性必修第四册·(BSD) [综合性] 空 I.阅读理解 间 A 纠错空间 For humans,adapting to climate change will mostly be a matter of technol- ogy.More air conditioning,better-de signed houses and bigger flood defenses may help lessen the effects of a warmer world.Animals will have to rely on chan- ging their bodies or their behaviour.In a paper published in Trends in Ecology & Evolution,a team led by Sara Ryding,a professor in Australia,shows that is al- ready happening.In some species of Aus- tralian parrot,for instance,the beak size has increased by between 4%and 10% since 1871.Similar trends are seen in spe- cies of mice and bats evolving bigger ears,tails,legs and wings. 方法总结 All that fits nicely with evolutionary theory..“Allen's rule”,named after Joel Asaph Allen,who suggested it in 1877, holds that warm-blooded animals in hot places tend to have larger appendages 属肢体)than those in mild areas.Such adaptation boosts an animal's surface area relative to its body volume,helping it to shed extra heat.Fennec foxes,mean- while,which are native to the Sahara Desert,have strikingly large ears,espe- cially compared with their Arctic cousins. Ryding's team combined data from different species in different places.Now that they have little in common apart from living on a warming planet,climate change is the most reasonable explana tion.Since any evolutionary adaptation comes with trade-offs,it is unclear how far the process might go.Bigger beaks might interfere with feeding,for in- stance.Larger wings are heavier,and big- ger legs cost more energy to grow. 6 英语兰 Honestly,studying a broader range of animals will help firm up exactly what is happening.For now,at least,the in- crease is small,never much more than 10%.That may change as warming accel- erates.But it seems clear that the world of the future is not just going to be hotter than humans are used to.The animals liv- ing in it will look different,too. 1.What does the author want to tell us by mentioning the Australian parrot in Paragraph 1 A.Climate change is affecting animals. B.Scientists are doing research on ani- mals, C.Humans can adapt to climate change more easily. D.Animals are adapting to warmer cli- mate in their own ways. 2.What is the benefit of having bigger body parts according to the passage? A.Getting rid of additional heat. B.Becoming larger and stronger. C.Enlarging animals'surface area. D.Becoming more sensitive to the envi- ronment. 3.What do we know about the change in animals from the third paragraph? A.Its cause is definite. B.It comes at the expense of some- thing. C.Its process will end soon. D.It happens in the same habitat. 4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Evolution to Survive Heat B.Living on a Warming Planet C.Measures to Fight Against Heat D.Pioneering Research on Animals 巴课时作业 B People get distracted by irrelevant websites and unproductive tasks occasion- ally.According to McKinsey,high-skilled workers in the U.S.spend a surprising 28%of their working hours reading and replying to e-mail messages.But if we learned to manage our distraction caused by communication technology in a more efficient manner,we could give the econ- omy a 900 million to $1.3 trillion boost per year. How did we end up in this situation? The 21st century is characterized by con- nectivity.Over the past couple of dec- ades,it has become increasingly difficult to disconnect from sources of informa- tion.And this addiction becomes especial- ly apparent when we lose our phones or our Internet connection drops out.For ex- ample,have you ever mislaid your phone for a few hours and become crazy at the thought of missing out on social media updates? Originally,smartphones and other portable devices were designed to maxi- mize convenience.Unfortunately,now they have turned into a distraction that often interrupts our daily lives.Every time your attention is diverted away from your task,you lose time.It takes effort to get back on track,and repeated interrup- tions can demotivate you.The more com plicated your project is,the longer it takes to regain your focus,because your brain has to put in considerable effort when switching between complex objec- tives. So what can you do?First,when fo- cusing on an important project,you can put your phone and other devices away.If you don't receive any messages,you ·6 UNIT 12 INNOVATION won't be distracted.There's also a useful technique that will quickly get you back 空 on track:The 20-Second Rule.It's be- 间 lieved by some psychologists that if some- 纠错空间 thing-such as checking your social media-takes you 20 seconds longer to do,you're less likely to do it.So you need to make it slightly more difficult to give in to temptation.For example,uninstall a messaging app so that it takes you 20 seconds longer to install it again and log in.This approach means you do not have to rely on willpower.Instead,you *41444414444 will set up a reliable system that facili- tates the forming of good habits. 5.For what purpose does the writer use numbers in the first paragraph? A.To picture the bad results caused by distraction in work. B.To point out few workers reply to 方法总结 e-mail messages in the U.S. C.To prove reading and replying to e-mails is good for the economy. D.To tell how much more money can be made by replying to e-mails. +04044+40+++404+40 6.What is the result of distraction if we are doing more complicated work? A.We'll completely lose time. B.We'll be interrupted repeatedly. C.It'll make us never get back on track. D.It'll be harder to regain our attention. 7.What can we learn about the 20-Second Rule? A.It helps us to deal with distraction more effectively. B.It makes us check social media lon- ger than 20 seconds. C.It has proved to be effective with the help of willpower. D.It suggests uninstalling all the mes- saging apps in your phone. 选择性必修第四册·(BSD) 8.Which can be a suitable title for the 空 text? 间 A.No Phones,No Distraction 纠错空间 B.Why We Get Distracted Easily? C.The Shocking Price of Distraction D.Distraction Brings Us Harm or Ben- efits? Ⅱ.完形填空 Do you think you have what it takes to be a successful scientist?A successful scientist is generally a good observer.He makes full 1 of the facts he observes. 44444444444444444444 He doesn't accept ideas which are not based on obvious facts,and therefore 2 to accept authority as the only rea son for the truth.He always checks ideas 3 and makes experiments to prove them. The rise of modern science may per- 方法总结 haps be considered to 4 as far back as the time of Roger Bacon,the wonderful philosopher of Oxford,who lived be- tween the years 1214 and 1292.He was probably the first in the Middle Ages to 5 that we should learn science by ob- serving and experimenting on the things around us,and he himself 6 many important truths. Galileo (1564-1642 )however, who lived more than 300 years later,was the greatest of several great men in Italy, France,Germany,and England,7 began to show how many important truths could be discovered by observation by degrees.Before Galileo,learned men believed that large bodies fell more 8 towards the earth than small ones,9 Aristotle said so.But Galileo,going to the top of the Leaning Tower of Pisa,let two 10 stones fall and proved Aris ·6 英语」 totle was wrong.It is Galileo's 11 of going direct to nature,and proving our opinions and theories by experiment,that has 12 all the discoveries of modern science. What 13 those people good sci- entists?From the example of Galileo,we know 14 that successful scientists are those whose observations have 15 better results. 1.A.trust B.sense C.speed D.use 2.A.refuses B.desires C.intends D.regrets 3.A.casually B.carefully C.quickly D.privately 4.A.date B.keep C.look D.emerge 5.A.command B.suspect C.suggest D.conclude 6.A.brought B.discovered C.handled D.announced 7.A.who B.when C.that D.where 8.A.slowly B.rapidly C.lightly D.heavily 9.A.if B.when C.because D.although 10.A.big B.small C.constant D.unequal 11.A.spirit B.skill C.theory D.wish 12.A.put forward B.turned to C.set up D.led to 13.A.considers B.promises C.prevents D.makes 14.A.efficiently B.clearly C.naturally D.unwillingly 15.A.foreseen B.rejected C.produced D.challenged选择性必修第四册·(BSD) 7.a[表示泛指用a或an。full-time的读音以辅音音素 开头，不定冠词用a,aful-time inventor一位全职的 发明家。] 8.to explain[(sb.)be asked to do sth.(某人)被要求 做某事。] 9.on[表示在具体的某一天用介词on.] 1l0.death[形容词性物主代词后接名词。] SECTION V 基础性 I.1.decline 2.gravity 3.grand 4.overcame 5.declined 6.theoretical 7.bonus 8.prevent Ⅱ，l.Despite2.on3.hungry4.am5.going 6.are 应用性 llI.1.In spite of 2.prevented from 3.instead of 4.led to 5.other than to wait 6.rather than pretty 7.other than Japan 8.Not only but also 9.not only but 10.have worked hand in hand to overcome diffi- culties 综合性 I.A.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。介绍了动物 为适应气候变暖产生了进化的迹象，揭示了气候变化与 动物的进化之间的联系。 l.D[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Animals will have to rely on changing their bodies or their behav- iour...In some species of Australian parrot,for in- stance,the beak size has increased by between 4%and 10%since1871.”可知，作者在第一段中提到澳洲鹦 鹉是想告诉我们动物们正在以自己的方式适应更温 暖的气候。故选D。] 2.AL细节理解题。根据第二段中的“warm-blooded animals in hot places tend to have larger appendages than those in mild areas.Such adaptation boosts an animal's surface area relative to its body volume,help- ing it to shed extra heat'”可知，拥有更大的身体部位 的好处是可以排出额外的热量。故选A。] 3.B[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Since any evolu- tionary adaptation comes with trade-offs,...Bigger beaks might interfere with feeding,for instance.Lar- ger wings are heavier,and bigger legs cost more ener- gy to grow.”可推断，动物为适应气候变暖而产生的 变化是有代价的。故选B。] 4.A[主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Animals will have to rely on changing their bodies or their behav- i0ur.”和文章其他内容可知，本文主要介绍了动物们 为适应气候变暖产生了进化的迹象，揭示了气候变化 与动物进化之间的联系。A项“为了在高温下生存的 进化”适合作为文章的标题。故选A。] ·9 英语马 B.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章指出人们在 工作中很容易因通信技术带来的信息干扰而分心这一 现象，并给出了相关的建议。 5,A[推理判断题。根据第一题中的“According to McKinsey,high-skilled workers in the U.S.spend a surprising 28%of their working hours reading...we could give the economy a $900 million to $1.3 tril- lion boost per year.”可知，作者列举的三个数据分别 是人们花在通信上的大把时间和由此带来的经济损 失，很直观地让读者感受到了通信技术分散注意力带 给我们的危害。因此，作者在第一段中使用数字的目 的是描述工作分心造成的坏结果。故选A。 6.D[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The more com plicated your project is,the longer it takes to regain your focus'”可知，如果我们在做更复杂的工作，分心的 结果是很难重新集中注意力。故选D。] 7.A[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“There's also a useful technique that will quickly get you back on track:The20-Second Rule.”可知，“20秒规则”可以帮 助人们快速地重新专注于自己的工作，即有效地摆脱 分心，也就是说它能帮助我们更有效地应对分心。故 选A。] 8.C[主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是第一段中的 "According to McKinsey,high-skilled workers in the U.S.spend...we could give the economy a 900 million to$l.3 trillion boost per year.”可知，本文主 要介绍了通信技术使人分心的现象及其严重后果。 因此，恰当的标题是C项“The Shocking Price of Dis- traction(分心的惊人代价)”。故选C。] Ⅱ.[语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。作者通过实例论 证自己的一个观点：一位科学家应该是一个很好的观察 者，不能盲目相信他人，应该通过观察和实验来获得正 确的观点和理论。 l.D[考查名词。根据“A successful scientist is gener- ally a good observer.”可知，他充分利用了他观察到的 事实。make full use of意为“充分利用”，为固定短 语。trust信任；sense意识；speed速度；use使用，用 途。故选D。 2.A[考查动词。根据“He doesn't accept ideas which are not based on obvious facts,and therefore”可知，此 处指拒绝相信权威是真理的唯一理由。refuse拒绝： desire想要；intend打算；regret后悔。故选A.] 3.B[考查副词。据“He always checks ideas”和 “and makes experiments to prove them”可知，此处表 示他仔细地核查想法。casually随便地；carefully仔 细地；quickly迅速地；privately私下地。故选B。] 巴课时作业 4.A[考查动词。根据“the years1214and1292”可知， 现代科学的兴起可以追溯到很早的时期。keep保留， 维持；look看；emerge出现。date back意为“追溯 到”，为固定短语。故选A。] 5.C[考查动词。根据“we should learn science by ob serving and experimenting on the things around us" 可知，这里应是罗杰·培根提出的建议。command命 令；suspect怀疑；suggest建议；conclude推断。故 选C。] 6.B[考查动词。根据“many important truths'”可知， 他本人发现了很多重要的真理。bring带来；discover 发现；handle处理；announce宣布。故选B。] 7,A[考查定语从句。分析可知，空格处引导非限制性 定语从句，修饰指人的先行词several great men,且在 从句中作主语，应用关系代词who。故选A。] 8.B[考查副词。根据“Aristotle said so”并联系史实 可知，亚里士多德曾经认为重的物体比轻的物体下降 得快。slowly缓慢地：rapidly快速地：lightly轻轻地： heavily沉重地。故选B。」 9.C[考查连词。根据“Aristotle said so'”可知，这里表 示因为亚里士多德是这样说的。if如果：when当… 的时候；because因为；although尽管。故选C,] l0.D[考查形容词。根据“and proved Aristotle was wrong'”可知，此处表示使用了两块不同重量的石头。 big大的；small小的；constant不断的；unequal不相 等的。故选D。] ll.A[考查名词。根据“But Galileo,going to the top of the Leaning Tower of Pisa...proved Aristotle was wrong.”可知，此处表示伽利略的直接走向自然 通过实验证明自己的观点和理论的精神。spirit精 神；skil技能；theory理论；wish愿望。故选Aa] 12.D[考查动词短语。put forward提出；turn to转 向；set up建立；lead to导致。根据“all the discover- ies of modern science”可知，此处表示正是伽利略的 这种精神导致现代科学能有所发现。故选D。] l3.D[考查动词。根据“those people good scientists” 可知，此处表示什么使那些人成为好的科学家。co- sider考虑；promise许诺；prevent阻止；make使得。 故选D。」 14.B[考查副词。从伽利略的例子中，我们能清楚地 看到现代科学的发展来源于伽利略等一些伟大科学 家的科学研究精神。efficiently有效率地；clearly清 楚地；naturally自然地；unwillingly不情愿地。故 选B。] l5.C[考查动词。根据“better results”可知，此处指那 些科学家们的观察产生了更好的结果。foresee预 见；reject拒绝；produce使产生；challenge挑战。故 选C.] 9 参考答案 SECTION V 基础性 I.1.preserve 2.boil 3.illustrates 4.mass 5.accurate 6.improvement 7.exploded explosion 8.electrical electricity II.1.electrical 2.the 3.improvement 4.it 5.Following 6.to preserve 7.accuracy 8.reaching 应用性 Ill.1.should be well preserved 2.reflected on this pro- posal 3.any time you want to 4.makes it a rule to get up 5.reading a book 6.reflecting man's intelligence and creativity 综合性 I,A.[语篇解读]文章引用了世界知名物理学家及天 文学家霍金的观点，阐明了人类必须离开地球在太空中 找一处新家的原因。 1.C[细节理解题。由文章第三段的第一句可知，人类 要向太空扩展应在2020年之前把宇航员送到月球以 重启太空探索，故选C。] 2.C[词义猜测题。由该词前面的“natural resources” 和后面的“at an alarming rate”可以推断出，drain在这 里是“用完，耗尽”的意思，故选C] 3.A[观，点态度题。由文章中反复出现的“warned”以 及第五段的内容可以推断出，霍金对地球的未来持悲 观的态度，这也是他提出人类要离开地球的原因，故 选A。] 4.A[细节理解题。由第一段的第二句和第五段的第 二句可知，人类必须离开地球的原因是：人类处于危 险之中，地球受到威胁，故选A。] B.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，饥饿 会影响人的决策，文章介绍了这一研究开展的过程以及 研究的发现及其意义。 5.B[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“.tested50 people twice:once when they followed their normal eating patterns and once when they did not eat any- thing during the day.”可知，二人是通过比较进行研 究的。] 6.A[词义猜测题。根据前文中的the team discovered when presented with the choice of receiving the re- ward可知，研究者让参与者选择接受奖励(reward)的 时间，因此画线词的意思是“奖金(bonus)”] 7.B[推理判断题。根据第三段中的Hunger is so common that it is important to understand the non-ob- vious ways in which our preferences and decisions may be affected by it可知，我们的决定可能会受到饥饿的 影响。故选B。]