Unit 2 单元单词表备课 2025-2026学年沪教版八年级英语上册

沪教版8上unit2英语单词表 教师备课材料 1. flight /flaɪt/ 词性：n. [C, U] 词义：航班；飞行；一段楼梯 近义词：journey by air 词性转换：fly (v.) → flew (过去式) → flown (过去分词) 固定搭配： flight number 航班号 flight attendant 乘务员 a flight of stairs 一段楼梯 例句：Our flight to Beijing will take off at 3 p.m.（我们飞往北京的航班下午3点起飞。） 练习题： ① The __________ (fly) to Shanghai was delayed because of the storm. ② He has never __________ (fly) in a plane before. 答案：① flight ② flown 解析：第1题缺主语名词；第2题现在完成时需用过去分词。 2. schedule /ˈʃedjuːl/（英）/ˈskedʒuːl/（美） 词性：n. [C] / v. 词义：时间表，日程安排；安排时间 近义词：timetable, plan 词性转换：scheduled (adj. 预定的) → reschedule (v. 重新安排) 固定搭配： on schedule 按时 ahead of schedule 提前 behind schedule 晚点 flight schedule 航班时刻表 例句：The train arrived right on schedule.（火车准点到达。） 练习题： ① The meeting is __________ (schedule) for next Monday. ② What’s your __________ (schedule) for tomorrow? 答案：① scheduled ② schedule 解析：第1题被动语态用过去分词；第2题物主代词后加名词。 3. everywhere /ˈevriweə(r)/ 词性：adv. 词义：到处，各处 近义词：all around；反义词：nowhere 构词：every（每个）+ where（地点） 固定搭配： everywhere else 其他所有地方 例句：I looked everywhere for my keys, but I couldn’t find them.（我到处找钥匙，但没找到。） 练习题： ① There are beautiful flowers __________ (everywhere) in the park. ② He has traveled __________ (everywhere) in the world. 答案：① everywhere ② everywhere 解析：两题均为副词作状语，修饰整个句子或动词。 4. flight schedule（词组） 词义：航班时刻表 构词：flight（航班）+ schedule（时间表） 例句：You can check the flight schedule on the airport website.（你可以在机场网站上查询航班时刻表。） 练习题： ① Please check the __________ __________ before you go to the airport. ② The __________ __________ shows that the plane will arrive at 8 p.m. 答案：① flight schedule ② flight schedule 解析：固定名词短语，作宾语或主语。 5. challenge /ˈtʃælɪndʒ/ 词性：n. [C, U] / v. 词义：挑战；质疑 近义词：difficulty, test 词性转换：challenging (adj. 有挑战性的) → challenger (n. 挑战者) 固定搭配： face a challenge 面临挑战 take up a challenge 接受挑战 challenge sb to sth 向某人挑战某事 例句：Learning a new language is a big challenge.（学一门新语言是个大挑战。） 练习题： ① This math problem is very __________ (challenge). ② He __________ (challenge) me to a chess game yesterday. 答案：① challenging ② challenged 解析：第1题修饰物用ing形容词；第2题yesterday用过去时。 6. prize /praɪz/ 词性：n. [C] 词义：奖，奖品，奖金 近义词：award, reward 词性转换：prizewinner (n. 获奖者) 固定搭配： win first prize 得一等奖 Nobel Prize 诺贝尔奖 prize money 奖金 例句：She won the first prize in the speech contest.（她在演讲比赛中得了一等奖。） 练习题： ① The __________ (prize) looked very excited when he got the award. ② He __________ (prize) the gold medal in the 2022 competition. 答案：① prizewinner ② won 解析：第1题定冠词后加名词人；第2题缺谓语动词。 7. promise /ˈprɒmɪs/ 词性：v. / n. [C] 词义：承诺，保证；有前途 近义词：vow, guarantee 词性转换：promising (adj. 有前途的) 固定搭配： make a promise 许下诺言 keep a promise 信守诺言 break a promise 违背诺言 promise to do sth 承诺做某事 例句：He promised to help me with my homework.（他承诺帮我做作业。） 练习题： ① She is a very __________ (promise) young artist. ② You should never break your __________ (promise). 答案：① promising ② promise 解析：第1题形容词修饰人；第2题物主代词后加名词。 8. reply /rɪˈplaɪ/ 词性：v. / n. [C, U] 词义：回答，回复 近义词：answer, respond 反义词：ask, question 词性转换：replier (n. 回复者) 固定搭配： reply to 回复…… in reply 作为回复 例句：I sent him an email, but he hasn’t replied yet.（我给他发了邮件，但他还没回复。） 练习题： ① He didn’t __________ (reply) to my question. ② I am waiting for her __________ (reply). 答案：① reply ② reply 解析：第1题didn’t后加动词原形；第2题wait for后加名词。 9. hesitation /ˌhezɪˈteɪʃn/ 词性：n. [U, C] 词义：犹豫，迟疑 近义词：uncertainty；反义词：promptness 词性转换：hesitate (v.) → hesitant (adj.) → hesitantly (adv.) 固定搭配： without hesitation 毫不犹豫地 have no hesitation in doing 毫不犹豫做某事 例句：She agreed to help without any hesitation.（她毫不犹豫地同意帮忙。） 练习题： ① He __________ (hesitation) for a moment before answering. ② She spoke __________ (hesitation) because she was nervous. 答案：① hesitated ② hesitantly 解析：第1题缺谓语动词，用过去时；第2题修饰动词spoke用副词。 10. without hesitation（词组） 词义：毫不犹豫地 构词：without（没有）+ hesitation（犹豫） 近义：immediately, readily 反义：hesitantly 例句：When asked for help, he agreed without hesitation.（当被请求帮助时，他毫不犹豫地答应了。） 练习题： ① She jumped into the river to save the child __________ __________. ② He __________ (hesitation) replied to the invitation. 答案：① without hesitation ② hesitantly 解析：第1题固定短语作状语；第2题反义练习。 11. wonder /ˈwʌndə(r)/ 词性：v. / n. [C, U] 词义：想知道；感到惊讶；奇迹 近义词：marvel (n.), question (v.) 词性转换：wonderful (adj. 极好的) → wonderfully (adv.) 固定搭配： wonder about 对……感到疑惑 no wonder 难怪 wonder at 对……感到惊奇 例句：I wonder what the weather will be like tomorrow.（我想知道明天天气怎么样。） 练习题： ① It’s __________ (wonder) to see you again. ② No __________ (wonder) he failed—he never studied. 答案：① wonderful ② wonder 解析：第1题It’s + 形容词；第2题no wonder固定短语。 12. agree /əˈɡriː/ 词性：v. 词义：同意，赞成 近义词：consent；反义词：disagree 词性转换：agreement (n.) → agreeable (adj.) 固定搭配： agree with sb 同意某人（意见） agree to sth 同意某事（计划/建议） agree on sth 在某事上达成一致 例句：I agree with you on this point.（在这一点上我同意你。） 练习题： ① We reached an __________ (agree) after a long discussion. ② He didn’t __________ (agree) to our plan. 答案：① agreement ② agree 解析：第1题an后加名词；第2题didn’t后加动词原形。 13. for a moment（词组） 词义：片刻，一会儿 近义：for a while, briefly 反义：forever, permanently 例句：He paused for a moment before answering.（他停顿了片刻才回答。） 练习题： ① Please wait __________ __________ __________, I’ll be right back. ② She thought __________ __________ __________ and then said yes. 答案：① for a moment ② for a moment 解析：固定短语作时间状语。 14. silver /ˈsɪlvə(r)/ 词性：n. [U] / adj. 词义：银；银色的；银牌 反义词：gold（金） 词性转换：silvery (adj. 银光闪闪的) 固定搭配： silver lining 一线希望 silver medal 银牌 例句：She won a silver medal in the race.（她在赛跑中得了银牌。） 练习题： ① The ring is made of pure __________ (silver). ② He wore a __________ (silver) watch. 答案：① silver ② silver 解析：第1题名词作宾语；第2题形容词作定语。 15. per cent /pəˈsent/（美式：percent） 词性：n. [sing./pl.] 词义：百分之…… 固定搭配： one hundred per cent 百分之百 per cent of ……的百分之…… 例句：About 70 per cent of the earth’s surface is water.（地球表面约70%是水。） 练习题： ① Sixty __________ __________ of students passed the exam. ② I agree with you one hundred __________ __________. 答案：① per cent ② per cent 解析：固定短语，per cent常写作percent，但初中教材多用per cent。 16. currently /ˈkʌrəntli/ 词性：adv. 词义：目前，当前 近义词：now, at present 词性转换：current (adj. 当前的) 固定搭配： currently available 目前可用的 例句：He is currently working on a new novel.（他目前正在写一本新小说。） 练习题： ① What is the __________ (current) situation? ② She is __________ (current) studying in Beijing. 答案：① current ② currently 解析：第1题形容词修饰名词；第2题副词修饰动词。 17. check /tʃek/ 词性：v. / n. [C] 词义：检查，核对；支票 近义词：examine, inspect 词性转换：checklist (n. 清单) → checkout (n. 结账) 固定搭配： check in 办理登机/入住 check out 退房；查看 check on 核实 例句：Please check your answers before handing in your paper.（交卷前请检查答案。） 练习题： ① You should __________ (check) your spelling carefully. ② He paid the bill by __________ (check). 答案：① check ② check 解析：第1题should后加动词原形；第2题by后加名词。 18. budget /ˈbʌdʒɪt/ 词性：n. [C, U] / v. / adj. 词义：预算；做预算；廉价的 近义词：financial plan 固定搭配： on a budget 节省开支 budget hotel 经济型酒店 例句：We need to stick to our budget this month.（我们这个月需要坚持预算。） 练习题： ① They __________ (budget) $500 for the trip. ② We stayed in a __________ (budget) hotel during the holiday. 答案：① budgeted ② budget 解析：第1题缺谓语动词，用过去时；第2题形容词作定语。 19. sharply /ˈʃɑːpli/ 词性：adv. 词义：急剧地；严厉地；鲜明地 近义词：dramatically, severely 词性转换：sharp (adj.) → sharpen (v.) 固定搭配： rise sharply 急剧上升 fall sharply 急剧下降 例句：Prices rose sharply last month.（上个月物价急剧上涨。） 练习题： ① The knife is very __________ (sharp). ② The population dropped __________ (sharp) in the 1990s. 答案：① sharp ② sharply 解析：第1题be+形容词；第2题修饰动词drop用副词。 20. count /kaʊnt/ 词性：v. / n. [C] 词义：数数；重要；计数 近义词：calculate, matter 词性转换：counter (n. 柜台) → countless (adj. 无数的) 固定搭配： count on 依靠，指望 count down 倒计时 lose count 数不清 例句：Every vote counts in the election.（选举中每一票都很重要。） 练习题： ① Don’t __________ (count) on him—he’s always late. ② There are __________ (count) stars in the sky. 答案：① count ② countless 解析：第1题Don’t后加动词原形；第2题形容词修饰stars。 21. system /ˈsɪstəm/ 词性：n. [C] 词义：系统；体系；制度 近义词：network, structure 词性转换：systematic (adj. 系统性的) 固定搭配： education system 教育体系 solar system 太阳系 例句：We have a new computer system in the office.（我们办公室有了新的电脑系统。） 练习题： ① The __________ (system) is very easy to use. ② He took a __________ (system) approach to solving the problem. 答案：① system ② systematic 解析：第1题名词作主语；第2题形容词修饰approach。 22. go up（词组） 词义：上升；上涨；增长 近义词：rise, increase 反义词：go down 例句：The price of oil is going up again.（石油价格又在上涨。） 练习题： ① The temperature will __________ __________ to 30°C tomorrow. ② House prices are __________ __________ quickly in big cities. 答案：① go up ② going up 解析：第1题will后加动词原形；第2题are后加现在分词。 23. go down（词组） 词义：下降；下跌；降低 近义词：fall, decrease 反义词：go up 例句：The number of tourists went down this year.（今年游客数量下降了。） 练习题： ① The price of eggs has __________ __________ recently. ② The sun __________ __________ behind the mountains. 答案：① gone down ② goes down 解析：第1题has后加过去分词；第2题描述日常现象用一般现在时。 24. price tag（词组） 词义：价格标签；价格 近义词：price, cost 例句：The price tag on this coat is $50.（这件外套的价格标签上是50美元。） 练习题： ① Don’t forget to remove the __________ __________ before wearing the shirt. ② The __________ __________ of this project is too high. 答案：① price tag ② price tag 解析：固定名词短语。 25. symbol /ˈsɪmbl/ 词性：n. [C] 词义：象征；符号 近义词：sign, emblem 词性转换：symbolic (adj.) → symbolize (v.) 固定搭配： a symbol of ……的象征 例句：The dove is a symbol of peace.（鸽子是和平的象征。） 练习题： ① The Great Wall is a __________ (symbol) of China. ② The colour red usually __________ (symbol) happiness in Chinese culture. 答案：① symbol ② symbolizes 解析：第1题a后加名词；第2题缺谓语动词，主语red colour为三单。 26. represent /ˌreprɪˈzent/ 词性：v. 词义：代表；象征；表现 近义词：stand for, symbolize 词性转换：representation (n.) → representative (n./adj.) 固定搭配： represent as 把……描绘成 例句：Each colour on the map represents a different province.（地图上的每种颜色代表一个不同的省份。） 练习题： ① He was chosen to __________ (represent) his school at the competition. ② This painting is a __________ (represent) of rural life. 答案：① represent ② representation 解析：第1题to后加动词原形；第2题a后加名词。 27. province /ˈprɒvɪns/ 词性：n. [C] 词义：省；省份 近义词：region, area 词性转换：provincial (adj. 省的) 固定搭配： coastal province 沿海省份 例句：Guangdong is a rich province in China.（广东是中国的一个富裕省份。） 练习题： ① He was born in a small __________ (province) in the south. ② The __________ (province) government announced a new policy. 答案：① province ② provincial 解析：第1题a后加名词；第2题形容词修饰government。 28. exactly /ɪɡˈzæktli/ 词性：adv. 词义：确切地；正好；正是 近义词：precisely 词性转换：exact (adj.) → exactness (n.) 固定搭配： not exactly 不完全是 例句：That’s exactly what I wanted to say.（那正是我想说的。） 练习题： ① Can you tell me the __________ (exact) time? ② This is __________ (exact) what I need. 答案：① exact ② exactly 解析：第1题形容词修饰time；第2题副词修饰整个句子。 29. chessboard /ˈtʃesbɔːd/ 词性：n. [C] 词义：棋盘 构词：chess（国际象棋）+ board（板） 固定搭配： on the chessboard 在棋盘上 例句：He placed the king in the center of the chessboard.（他把王放在棋盘中央。） 练习题： ① They set up the __________ (chess) on the table. ② The __________ (chessboard) has 64 squares. 答案：① chessboard ② chessboard 解析：两题均考查名词形式。 30. write down（词组） 词义：写下，记下 近义词：take down, note down 反义词：erase 例句：Please write down your name and address.（请写下你的姓名和地址。） 练习题： ① Don’t forget to __________ __________ what the teacher says. ② She __________ __________ the phone number on a piece of paper. 答案：① write down ② wrote down 解析：第1题to后加动词原形；第2题描述过去动作用过去式。 31. instead of（词组） 词性：prep. phrase 词义：代替，而不是 近义词：in place of 辨析：instead (adv.) 单独使用，常用于句末或句首 例句：You should walk instead of driving.（你应该走路而不是开车。） 练习题： ① He stayed at home __________ __________ going out. ② She didn’t buy a bag; she bought a watch __________. 答案：① instead of ② instead 解析：第1题介词短语后接动名词；第2题副词放句末。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $