专题3 素养培优(2) 词汇新要求题——派生词与合成词（题型强化练）（Word练习）-【正禾一本通】2026年高考英语二轮专题复习高效讲义

(十九)完形之词汇新要求题专练2(派生词与合成词) A (2025·武汉高中毕业生调研考试)Since the beginning of my Ph.D.，my life had been packed with activities.Besides working full-time on my own research，I　1　my colleagues’ experiments by helping with tasks like data analysis.I attended every course that I could，believing my ability to 　2　 a tight schedule was a measure of my 　3　. However，behind my busyness lay an undeniable truth—I was burnt out.My attention was 　4　—I couldn’t put my best work into all the 　5　. Then after a major error in my research paper，a colleague came and 　6　，“You need to reassess your working approach，but more importantly，you need to 　7　.”I took his advice.I purchased a separate work phone，which I would leave 　8　 in the evenings.I also started to set clear 　9　 around my work hours and became more 　10　 about the projects I took on. Initially，I felt I was doing less than others，fearing this choice might 　11　 my career.But my priorities became clearer as I took more time to 　12　 and reflect on my work.　13　，I realized I really enjoyed training the students in our laboratory，so I started to invest more time and effort in them.Ultimately，this 　14　 made me more productive. Creating space for yourself isn’t a sign of 　15　；it’s a way to focus on what truly matters to you. [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。作者开始攻读博士学位后，生活忙碌。除了忙于自己的研究，作者还协助同事做实验，并尽可能参加每一门课程。作者因此疲惫不堪，工作受到影响。在同事的建议下，作者开始改变工作方式，放慢节奏，设定明确的工作界限，并调整对项目的选择。最终，这一改变让作者变得更加高效。作者意识到为自己创造空间是一种专注于真正对自己重要的事情的方式。 1.A.graded B.aided C.funded D.scheduled B　[根据下文的“by helping with tasks like data analysis”可知，作者协助(aided)同事做实验。] 2.A.assign B.manage C.delay D.decline B　[上文讲作者开始攻读博士学位后，生活充满了各种活动，除了忙于自己的研究，作者还协助同事做实验，并尽可能参加每一门课程。由此可知，作者成功应对了紧张忙碌的日程安排，故选manage“完成(困难的事)”。] 3.A.patience B.competence C.knowledge D.ambition B　[上文讲作者有能力应对紧张忙碌的日程安排，此处表示作者相信这种能力是衡量自身能力(competence)的标准。] 4.A.drawn B.focused C.divided D.directed C　[根据上文的“behind my busyness lay an undeniable truth—I was burnt out”可知，在作者忙碌的背后存在着一个不可否认的事实，即作者已经疲惫不堪了。再结合第一段讲的作者参加多种活动可知，作者的注意力被分散(divided)，无法把自己最好的精力投入到所有的任务(tasks)中。故选C。] 5.A.achievements B.courses C.rewards D.tasks D　[参见上题解析。] 6.A.ordered B.blamed C.suggested D.investigated C　[上文讲作者的研究论文出现了一个重大错误，结合下文同事的话可知，同事走过来，给出建议，故选C。此处的suggested与下文的“his advice”呼应。] 7.A.slow down B.hang on C.cheer up D.fight back A　[上文讲作者的日程安排紧张忙碌，作者因此疲惫不堪，工作出错，再结合下文的“I took his advice.I purchased a separate work phone”可推知，同事建议作者重新评估工作方法，更重要的是，建议作者要放慢节奏(slow down)。] 8.A.untouched B.uncharged C.unpaid D.unlocked A　[上文讲作者接受同事的建议，放慢节奏，所以此处表示作者购买了一部单独的工作手机，晚上不用它。故选untouched“未被用过的，原封不动的”。] 9.A.guidelines B.deadlines C.goals D.boundaries D　[根据上文描述的“我购买了一部单独的工作手机，晚上不用它”可知，作者将工作与生活分开，开始为自己的工作时间设定明确的界限(boundaries)。] 10.A.selective B.curious C.confident D.anxious A　[根据上文可知，作者放慢节奏，将工作与生活分开，因此作者会接受的任务可能也少了，所以作者更加仔细地挑选自己承担的项目。selective“认真挑选的，严格筛选的”，符合语境，故选A。] 11.A.launch B.improve C.affect D.lengthen C　[根据上文的“Initially，I felt I was doing less than others”可知，起初，作者觉得自己做得比别人少，担心这种选择可能会影响(affect)自己的职业生涯。] 12.A.research B.experiment C.breathe D.battle C　[上文讲作者放慢节奏，再结合空前的“我的优先事项变得更加清晰了”可推知，作者花更多的时间休息和反思工作。此处breathe作动词，意为“歇口气，小憩”，属于熟词生义的用法。] 13.A.For instance B.In addition C.By contrast D.As always A　[上文讲作者的优先事项变得更加清晰了，下文讲作者意识到自己真的很喜欢培训实验室的学生，所以作者开始在他们身上投入更多时间和精力。由此可知，下文是对上文的举例说明，故选A。] 14.A.belief B.training C.purchase D.change D　[根据上文的描述可知，作者接受了同事的建议，做出了改变，而最终这种改变(change)也使得作者变得更加高效。] 15.A.showing off B.breaking down C.fading away D.falling behind D　[根据第四段的描述可知，作者起初担心这种改变可能会影响自己的职业生涯，但最后证明这种改变让作者变得更加高效。故此处表示为自己创造空间并不是落后(falling behind)的标志，而是一种专注于真正对自己重要的事情的方式。] B (2025·长春高三质量检测二)Siberia is a huge region of Russia famous for its severe winters.Tom was trying to cycle across it on a freezing cold day.Everyone had told him it was a 　1　 idea.Maybe they were right... Tom was so cold that he was trembling.He was 　2　，so he was going faster and faster.Trees passed in a blur(模糊形状).He couldn’t stop.This was going to end 　3　.It was supposed to have been fun！ But this was not fun at all. Tom was about to crash.He was 　4　 down a big hill at top speed—in deep snow.His 　5　 could not make him come to a stop.All he could do was 　6　 tight！ Waiting for the crash was almost worse than the crash itself. Tom had no choice but to scream in the 　7　 of winter. “Aaaaagggghhhhhhhh！ Help！” But nobody could help.Nobody even 　8　 his scream.Tom was alone.He was hundreds of miles from the 　9　 human. CRASH！ Tom 　10　 face down in a snowdrift (雪堆).For a minute or two，he did not move.He was not sure whether he was 　11　 or not.Then slowly，Tom moved his toes.Then his fingers.Then his nose.Everything seemed to be in 　12　. The snow had cushioned(缓冲)his 　13　.Tom was OK.But lying face down in the freezing snow was not a nice feeling，so Tom slowly 　14　 himself upright. “Maybe I am really out of sense.Everyone says I am.I’m out here，in the middle of nowhere，on my own，on a bike，in the middle of winter.I’ve crashed on every 　15　 that I’ve ridden down today.This is stupid，but it’s brilliant！” [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。Tom在寒冷的冬天试图骑行穿越西伯利亚，骑行过程中因害怕而加速，失控后冲下山坡撞进雪堆，之后发现自己并无大碍。Tom感慨自己的行为既愚蠢又精彩。 1.A.good B.new C.crazy D.unique C　[根据上文可知，西伯利亚以严寒冬天著称，Tom在寒冷的一天试图骑行穿越它。结合常识可知大家都觉得他的这个想法是疯狂的，故选C。crazy“不理智的，疯狂的”。] 2.A.heart-broken B.iron-willed C.tongue-tied D.fright-bitten D　[上文说到Tom太冷了，以至于他都颤抖了；下文说到，Tom加速骑行并无法停下来，再结合常识可知他是因为害怕而加速，D选项fright-bitten“受惊吓的”符合语境。heart-broken“心碎的”，iron-willed“意志坚强的”，tongue-tied“(因害羞或紧张)张口结舌的，说不出话来的”，均不符合他此时的状态。] 3.A.smoothly B.suddenly C.badly D.peacefully C　[根据上文信息可知，Tom加速骑行，且无法停下来，所以这种情况最终会以糟糕的结局结束，C选项badly“糟糕地”符合语境。] 4.A.climbing B.flying C.skiing D.driving B　[根据“Tom was about to crash.He was 　4　 down a big hill at top speed——in deep snow”可知，他即将撞车，并且在深雪中以最快速度冲下一个大山坡，B项flying能形象地描述他此时快速冲下山坡的状态，故选B。] 5.A.fears B.feet C.screams D.brakes D　[根据上文可知，他在深雪中快速冲下山坡；再结合常识可知，此时应该是刹车无法让他停下来。D选项brakes“刹车”符合语境。 ] 6.A.hang on B.shut up C.lie down D.look round A　[根据上文可知他无法停下来，再根据常识可知，他此时只能紧紧抓住自行车，故A选项hang on“紧紧抓住”符合语境。] 7.A.eyes B.teeth C.head D.back B　[这里表示Tom在寒冷的冬天里别无选择只能尖叫，in the teeth of是固定搭配，意为“顶着……，冒着……”，故选B。] 8.A.recalled B.caught C.followed D.recognized B　[根据上文可知，没人能帮助他；根据下文可知，Tom独自一人。所以此处是指甚至没人听到他的尖叫。故选B。] 9.A.nearest B.kindest C.strongest D.poorest A　[根据上文的“nobody could help”“Tom was alone.He was hundreds of miles from the 　9　 human”可知，没人能帮助Tom，Tom独自一人，他离最近的人有数百英里远。故选A。] 10.A.pushed B.stood C.landed D.slid C　[根据上文可知Tom从大山坡上冲下来了，结合上一段“CRASH！”可知，他撞车了，然后脸朝下落在雪堆里。land“跳落，跌落”符合语境，故选C。] 11.A.energetic B.awake C.healthy D.broken D　[根据语境“For a minute or two，he did not move...Then his fingers.Then his nose”可知，他有一两分钟没动，不确定自己是否受伤了，然后慢慢动了动脚趾、手指和鼻子。D选项broken“破损的，伤残的”，符合语境，故选D。] 12.A.place B.touch C.trouble D.sight A　[这里表示他检查后发现自己身体各部分似乎都完好无损，in place是固定搭配，意为“在正确位置”，故选A。] 13.A.fall B.jump C.dig D.rub A　[根据上文可知，Tom以最快速度从大山坡上冲下来，所以此处是指雪缓冲了他的坠落，故选A。] 14.A.dressed B.hurt C.pulled D.behaved C　[根据语境和常识可知，脸朝下趴在冰冷的雪地里感觉不好，所以Tom慢慢把自己拉起来站直，故选C。] 15.A.snowdrift B.bike C.road D.hill D　[根据上文的“He was 　4　 down a big hill at top speed—in deep snow”可知，他是从山坡上冲下来然后撞车的，所以这里是说他今天每骑一个山坡就撞车一次，故选D。] 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $