专题1 素养培优(2) 思辨性语篇题专项突破（随堂演练）（Word练习）-【正禾一本通】2026年高考英语二轮专题复习高效讲义

A (2025·全国一卷阅读C)While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years，transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility，especially among young children.Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school，so they pack them into the car instead. Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Brömmelstroet are bothered by facts like these.In their new book Movement： How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives，they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives. Life on city streets started to change decades ago.Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere.Some communities fought back.Most famously，a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park.Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway，Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live，and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well. Although these campaigns were widespread，the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car.The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly.In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people，among the highest rate of car ownership in the world. We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through，but we fail to account for the true costs.Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move safely around our communities？ The authors of Movement have it right： it’s time to think differently about that street outside your front door. [语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了西方城市过度围绕汽车设计导致行人流动性下降，尤其是儿童步行减少的现象，并通过历史案例和现状分析呼吁反思街道功能，重视城市宜居性。 1.What phenomenon does the author point out in Paragraph 1？ A.Cars often get stuck on the road. B.Traffic accidents occur frequently. C.People walk less and drive more. D.Pedestrians fail to follow the rules. C　[细节理解题。根据第一段可知，交通研究也显示行人(尤其是儿童)的活动能力在下降。许多家长表示道路上车流量太大，孩子步行上学不安全，因此他们选择开车送孩子。故选C。] 2.What were the Canadian journalist and other campaigners trying to do？ A.Keep their cities livable. B.Promote cultural diversity. C.Help the needy families. D.Make expressways accessible. A　[推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway，Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion ‘New York as a decent place to live，and not just rush through.’”可知，Jane Jacobs描述了得知全国计划被高速公路取代时的恐慌，她呼吁市长将纽约建设成一个宜居的好地方，而不仅仅是一个人们匆匆而过的地方。故选A。] 3.What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s？ A.They boosted the sales of cars. B.They turned out largely ineffective. C.They won government support. D.They advocated building new parks. B　[推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Although these campaigns were widespread，the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car.The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly.(尽管这些运动很普遍，但现实是大多数西方城市完全围绕机动车的需求进行了重新设计。道路上的汽车数量一直在迅速增加)”可推知，20世纪60年代末和70年代澳大利亚的竞选活动未能阻止汽车发展，基本上没有效果。故选B。] 4.What can be a suitable title for the text？ A.Why the Rush？ B.What’s Next？ C.Where to Stay？ D.Who to Blame？ A　[主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据文章最后一段“We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through，but we fail to account for the true costs.Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move safely around our communities？ (我们在帮助我们快速通过的道路上投入了大量资金，但我们没有考虑到真正的成本。当我们真的认识到孩子们不能在我们的社区安全地移动时，我们作为一个社会将会付出什么代价？)”可推知，本文批判城市过度追求交通效率、忽视行人需求的现象，A项“Why the Rush？ (为何匆匆？)”质问“rush through (匆匆通行)”的规划理念，契合主旨，最适合作为本文标题。故选A。] B (2024·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读C)Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text on screen or on paper？ And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material？The answers to both questions are often “no” .The reasons relate to a variety of factors，including reduced concentration，an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content. When reading texts of several hundred words or more，learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than on screen.A large amount of research confirms this finding.The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from a text. The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties.With paper，there is a literal laying on of hands，along with the visual geography of distinct pages.People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page. But equally important is the mental aspect.Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”.According to this theory，people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media，which are often not so serious，and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text，and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies—say，assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person.However，psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories，they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. Digital texts，audio and video all have educational roles，especially when providing resources not available in print.However，for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for，educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same，even when they contain identical words. [语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了有纸化学习与无纸化学习的区别，并提出用纸质书籍更容易让人投入、专心学习，而电子书籍更容易使人分心，故有纸化学习在教育中是不能完全被取代的。 5.What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in Paragraph 2 mean？ A.Seem unlikely to last. B.Seem hard to explain. C.Become ready to use. D.Become easy to notice. D　[词义猜测题。本段第一句谈到当阅读几百字或更多字的文本时，有纸化学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功，接着谈到大量的研究证实了这一发现。故画线短语所在部分应该是指从提出简单的任务转向需要抽象思维的任务时，这种有纸化阅读的好处尤其明显，也就是说很容易被注意到，由此可知，画线单词shine through意为“明显的”，与D项意思相近。故选D。] 6.What does the shallowing hypothesis assume？ A.Readers treat digital texts lightly. B.Digital texts are simpler to understand. C.People select digital texts randomly. D.Digital texts are suitable for social media. A　[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“which are often not so serious”以及“devote less mental effort”可知，在对待电子文本的时候，读者通常不是很严肃，同时比阅读纸质文本时投入的精力要少，即读者对电子文本不是很重视，故选A。] 7.Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers？ A.They can hold students’ attention. B.They are more convenient to prepare. C.They help develop advanced skills. D.They are more informative than text. A　[细节理解题。根据第五段第一句可知，音频和视频比文字更吸引人，所以大学教师越来越多地改用这些技术，故选A。] 8.What does the author imply in the last paragraph？ A.Students should apply multiple learning techniques. B.Teachers should produce their own teaching material. C.Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education. D.Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored. C　[推理判断题。最后一段首先谈到电子文本、音频和视频都具有教育作用，特别是在提供纸质文本无法提供的资源时。However后提到为了最大限度地进行需要集中注意力和反思的学习，教育者不应该假设所有媒体都是一样的，即使它们包含相同的词汇。这与倒数第二段最后一句中的信息意思一致：当成年人阅读新闻故事时，他们比听或看相同的片段能记住更多内容，也就是说有纸化学习在教育中是不能完全被取代的，故选C。] 核心 单词 A篇 mobility n.流动性　transform v.转变　ownership n.所有权　decent adj.体面的　invest v.投资 B篇 comprehension n.理解　multitask v.多任务处理　abstraction n.抽象概念　inference n.推论 hypothesis n.假说 熟词 生义 A篇 pack 常用义：v.打包 n.包裹→文章义：v.塞进 B篇 pose 常用义：v.摆姿势→文章义：v.提出 geography 常用义：n.地理学→文章义：n.空间布局 call 常用义：v.打电话 n.呼喊→文章义：v.需要 核心 短语 A篇 make way for 为……让路　fight back 反抗　call on sb.to do 呼吁某人做　fail to account for 未能考虑到 B篇 pose tasks 布置任务　draw inferences 进行推断　mental effort 脑力投入　call for 需要 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $