Unit 4 A good read 疑问词+动词不定式和情态动词must have to 的用法 (语法讲解+分层精练）-2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级下册

Unit 4 A good read （疑问词+动词不定式和情态动词must have to 的用法） (语法讲解+分层精练） 目 录 一、语法讲解 1 （一）疑问词+动词不定式 1 1. 核心结构类型 1 2.特别注意事项 2 （二）情态动词must 和have to 2 1. 核心用法与区别 2 2.用法总结对比表 4 二、中考题型练习题（30题） 4 （一）单项选择 4 （二）改写句子 / 完成句子 6 一、语法讲解 （一）疑问词+动词不定式 1. 核心结构类型 （1）动词 + 疑问词 + 动词不定式 这是最基础的结构，动词后的疑问词（如how, what, when, where, which）接不定式 · 常用动词：know, decide, forget, remember, learn, understand, wonder, find out · 例句： · I don't know how to get away. (我不知道如何逃脱 ) · We haven't decided when to meet. (我们还没决定何时见面 ) （2）动词 + 疑问词 + 名词 + 动词不定式 当疑问词是which, whose, how many, how much时，它们后面通常会先跟一个名词，再接不定式 · 例句： · I can't decide which book to read first. (我无法决定先读哪本书 ) · They are discussing how many people to invite. (他们正在讨论邀请多少人 ) （3）动词 + 宾语 + 疑问词 + 动词不定式 当动词接双宾语（即动词后有人又有事）时，常使用此结构 · 常用动词：tell, show, teach, ask, advise · 例句： · Mr Wu advised us which to choose as after-school activities. (吴老师建议我们选择哪一项作为课外活动 ) · Can you show me how to start the online tour？ (你能给我演示如何开始在线旅游吗？) （4）形容词 + 疑问词 + 动词不定式 主要用于主语对某事的态度或认知状态 · 常用形容词：sure, clear · 例句： · I am not sure who to meet now. (我不确定现在该见谁 ) · Are you clear when to hand in the report？ (你清楚什么时候交报告吗？) 2.特别注意事项 （1） 排除why：所有的疑问词都可以这样用，除了why 我们可以说“I don't know what to do”，但不能说“I don't know why to do it”（这种情况通常要用宾语从句：I don't know why I do it） （2） “怎么办”的陷阱：如果你想表达“我不知道怎么办”，不能译为“I don't know how to do.”，因为how to do后面缺少宾语，意思不完整 正确的表达是I don't know what to do. (做什么)，或者I don't know how to do it. (怎样做这件事) （3） 句法功能：这个结构在句中通常充当宾语（最常见）、表语（如：The question is where to go.）或主语（如：When to start has not been decided.） （二）情态动词must 和have to 1. 核心用法与区别 英语中表达“必须”，主要有 must 和 have to 两种方式，它们的关键区别在于说话人的角度 （1）含义不同：主观 vs. 客观 · must (必须)：强调主观看法 表示说话人觉得自己“必须”这么做，是发自内心的要求或命令 · We must study English hard. (我们必须努力学习英语 ——我认为这是应该的) · have to (不得不)：强调客观需要 表示由于外界因素或规定“不得不”这么做，是外力迫使的 · Tom missed a bus and had to wait for the next one. (汤姆错过了公交车，不得不等下一辆 ——客观情况导致) （2）句式变化不同 must 是个“独行侠”，只有一种形式；而 have to 是个“变形金刚”，有人称、数和时态的变化 情态动词 特点 例句对比 must 无人称和时态变化 (通常用于现在/将来) She must finish her homework first. (她现在/将来必须) have to 有人称和时态变化 (has to / had to / will have to) She has to finish her homework first. (她现在不得不) She had to stay up late last night. (她昨晚不得不熬夜) （3）否定形式大不同 这是考试中最容易出错的地方 · mustn't (千万不，绝对不，禁止)：是 must 的否定形式，语气非常强烈，表示 “禁止” 做某事 · You mustn't smoke in the hospital. (你禁止在医院吸烟 ——这是规定) · don't have to (不必)：是 have to 的否定形式，相当于 needn't，表示 “没有必要” 做某事 · You don't have to come with us if you don't want to. (如果你不想，你不必跟我们一起来 ——你有选择权) 疑问句的回答 当 must 用于提问时，回答非常有套路 ： · 问句：Must I ...? (我必须……吗？) · 肯定回答：Yes, you must. (是的，你必须 ) · 否定回答：No, you needn't / don't have to. (不，你不必 ) —— 千万不能用 mustn't，因为那表示“禁止”！ 2.用法总结对比表 项目 must have to 核心含义 必须 (主观看法) 说话人认为有必要 不得不 (客观需要) 外界因素迫使 否定形式 mustn't (禁止，不准) 语气强烈，表示绝对不可以 don't/doesn't/didn't have to (不必) 表示没有必要 时态变化 无 (只有一种形式)通常用于现在时或将来时 有（有人称和时态变化） 现在：have to /has to 过去：had to 将来：will have to 对“Must I...?”的回答 肯定：Yes, you must. 否定：No, you needn't / don't have to. （注意：否定回答千万不能用mustn't) (不用于这种主观提问) 二、中考题型练习题（30题） （一）单项选择 1 . —I am going camping this Saturday. I'll call Tom to make sure ______. A. which to start B. what to start C. who to start D. when to start 2 . There is some delicious food on the table. I really can't decide ______ first. A. what to eat B. how to eat C. who to eat D. when to eat 3 . —Sam, can you tell me ______? —Try Music World on Garden Street. A. why to buy a CD B. where to get a CD C. how to choose a CD D. when to record a CD 4 . —Have you decided ______, lady? —Sorry, I have difficulty making decisions. A. to buy which one B. buy which one C. which to buy one D. which one to buy 5 . The kites on the Internet are very cheap, but Millie doesn't know ______ them. A. why to buy B. what to buy C. how to buy D. who to buy 6 . We all need to know ______ to do if there is an earthquake. A.how B. what C. which D. whether 7 . The math problem is too difficult. The students don't know ______ it. A. how to solve B. what to solve C. when to solve D. why to solve 8 . —Safety is very important to all of us. —I agree. We students should learn ______ ourselves in the daily life. A. where to hold B. what to visit C. how to protect D. why to help 9 . This physics problem is difficult. Can you show me ______, Wang Lin? A. what to work it out B. what to work out it C. how to work it out D. how to work out it 10 . I don't know ______ about the air crash at the meeting. Could you please give some advice? A. what to talk B. what to say C. how to talk D. how to say 11. —Must I finish the work today, Mum? —No, you ______. You can finish it tomorrow. A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't D. shouldn't 12. —Mum, may I watch TV now? —Sure, but you ______ help me with the housework first. A. can B. may C. must D. could 13. You ______ smoke here, look at the sign “No smoking”. A. needn't B. mustn't C. don't have to D. couldn't 14. We ______ keep the new traffic law and learn how to protect ourselves. A. may B. can C. must D. need 15. —Can you go skating with us this afternoon? —Sorry, I can't. I ______ take care of my little sister at home. A. can B. may C. would D. have to 16. —Must we hand in the project today? —Yes, we ______. It can't be put off any longer. A. can B. may C. must D. need 17. You look tired. You ______ stay at home and have a rest. A. had to B. should C. would D. must 18. School students ______ smoke because it is bad for their health and it's against the law. A. needn't B. couldn't C. mustn't D. may not 19. —______ I finish the work right now? —No, you don't have to. You can do it later. A. Must B. May C. Can D. Should 20. It's raining heavily. We ______ wait until the rain stops. A. must B. can C. may D. have to 21. —I can't stop playing computer games. —For your health, I'm afraid you ______. A. can B. may C. must D. have to 22. You ______ return the book today. You can keep it until next Friday. A. mustn't B. needn't C. can't D. may not 23. In the library, we ______ keep quiet. It's a rule. A. can B. may C. must D. need 24. —Must I clean the room now, Mum? —No, you ______. You can do it after finishing your homework. A. mustn't B. shouldn't C. needn't D. can't 25. I ______ get up early tomorrow because I have an important meeting. A. must B. have to C. can D. may （二）改写句子 / 完成句子 26 . The children are discussing what they are going to do this weekend. (改为简单句) The children are discussing ______ ______ ______ this weekend. 27 . The lost girl didn't know where she could go. (改为同义句) The lost girl didn't know ______ ______ ______. 28 . I don't know how I can solve the problem. (改为同义句) I don't know ______ ______ ______ the problem. 29 . 老师教学生如何做实验 The teacher told the students ______ ______ ______ the experiment. 30 . 我不知道这个单词怎么发音 I don't know ______ ______ ______ this word. 答案解析 1. D 解析：句意为“我打算这周六去露营，我会打电话给汤姆确认什么时候出发” 根据逻辑，露营需确定时间，且make sure后跟“疑问词+不定式”，故选D 2. A 解析：句意为“桌子上有很多美食，我真地无法决定先吃什么” “吃”的宾语是“什么”，what作eat的逻辑宾语，故选A 3. B 解析：根据答句“试试花园街的音乐世界”可知，问句询问的是地点，故用where 4. D 解析：“疑问词+不定式”作decided的宾语，且which后常接名词one，构成“which one to buy”（买哪一个），故选D 5. C 解析：句意为“网上的风筝很便宜，但是米莉不知道怎么买” how to buy them表示购买的方式，故选C 注意buy是及物动词，后面需要接them，但在疑问词+不定式结构中，them已省略 6. B 解析：句意为“如果发生地震，我们都需要知道该做什么” do是及物动词，后面缺少宾语，故用what how是副词，不能作宾语 7. A 解析：句意为“这道数学题太难了，学生们不知道怎么做” 表达“如何处理/解决”常用how to deal with或how to solve Solve是及物动词，后面直接跟it 8. C 解析：句意为“学生应该学习如何在日常生活中保护自己” 根据句意，protect oneself（保护自己）符合逻辑 9. C 解析：句意为“这道物理题很难，你能给我演示怎么解答出来吗？”首先，work out是“解决，算出”，是“动词+副词”结构，代词it必须放在中间，即work it out 其次，表示方式用how 10. B 解析：句意为“我不知道在会上关于这次空难说些什么” say是及物动词，强调说的内容，用what；talk是不及物动词，需加about才能接宾语 advice是不可数名词，无复数形式 11. C 解析：本题考查对 must 提问的回答 问句“Must I...?” 的否定回答要用 needn't 或 don't have to，表示“不必” 12. C 解析：句意为“当然可以，但是你必须先帮我做家务” 这是妈妈对孩子提出的主观要求，表示“必须”，用 must 13. B 解析：根据后文“看那个'禁止吸烟'的标志”可知，此处表示“禁止”吸烟，所以用 mustn't 14. C 解析：句意为“我们必须遵守新的交通法规，并学会如何保护自己” 这是主观上的义务和要求，用 must 15. D 解析：句意为“抱歉，我不能去 我不得不在家照看我妹妹” 因为要照看妹妹而不能去玩，这是客观情况导致的“不得不”，用 have to 16. C 解析：句意为“我们必须今天提交项目吗？”“是的，必须今天” 肯定的回答用 must 17. B 解析：句意为“你看起来很累，你应该待在家里休息一下” 这是给对方提建议，用 should (应该)，更委婉合适 must 语气太强硬 18. C 解析：句意为“在校学生禁止吸烟，因为这对健康有害且违法” 根据常识和法律，这是明确“禁止”，用 mustn't 19. A 解析：根据答语“No, you don't have to.”可知，问句是询问“是否必须”，所以用 Must 提问 20. D 解析：句意为“雨下得很大，我们不得不等到雨停” 因为下雨这个客观原因而不得不等，用 have to 21. C 解析：句意为“为了你的健康，恐怕你必须停止” 这是说话人基于对方的健康而提出的强烈劝告，表示主观上的“必须”，用 must 22. B 解析：根据后文“你可以保留到下周五”可知，现在“不必”归还，用 needn't 或 don't have to 23. C 解析：句意为“在图书馆里，我们必须保持安静 这是规定” 虽然规定是客观的，但 must 也可以用来强调必须要遵守的规则 24. C 解析：本题考查对 must 提问的回答 否定回答要用 needn't 或 don't have to 25. B 解析：句意为“我明天不得不早起，因为我有个重要的会议” 因为有会议这个客观原因而必须早起，用 have to 26. what to do 解析：原句是what引导的宾语从句，主从句主语一致（the children），可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构 27. where to go 解析：将宾语从句“where she could go”简化为“where to go” 28. how to solve 解析：将宾语从句“how I can solve”简化为“how to solve” 29. how to do 解析：根据汉语提示“如何做实验”，表示方式用how 30. how to pronounce 解析：“how to pronounce”表示“怎么发音” pronounce是及物动词，后面直接跟宾语this word，但在不定式结构中省略了重复的宾语 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 A good read （疑问词+动词不定式和情态动词must have to 的用法） (语法讲解+分层精练） 目 录 一、语法讲解 1 （一）疑问词+动词不定式 1 1. 核心结构类型 1 2.特别注意事项 2 （二）情态动词must 和have to 2 1. 核心用法与区别 2 2.用法总结对比表 4 二、中考题型练习题（30题） 4 （一）单项选择 4 （二）改写句子 / 完成句子 6 一、语法讲解 （一）疑问词+动词不定式 1. 核心结构类型 （1）动词 + 疑问词 + 动词不定式 这是最基础的结构，动词后的疑问词（如how, what, when, where, which）接不定式 · 常用动词：know, decide, forget, remember, learn, understand, wonder, find out · 例句： · I don't know how to get away. (我不知道如何逃脱 ) · We haven't decided when to meet. (我们还没决定何时见面 ) （2）动词 + 疑问词 + 名词 + 动词不定式 当疑问词是which, whose, how many, how much时，它们后面通常会先跟一个名词，再接不定式 · 例句： · I can't decide which book to read first. (我无法决定先读哪本书 ) · They are discussing how many people to invite. (他们正在讨论邀请多少人 ) （3）动词 + 宾语 + 疑问词 + 动词不定式 当动词接双宾语（即动词后有人又有事）时，常使用此结构 · 常用动词：tell, show, teach, ask, advise · 例句： · Mr Wu advised us which to choose as after-school activities. (吴老师建议我们选择哪一项作为课外活动 ) · Can you show me how to start the online tour？ (你能给我演示如何开始在线旅游吗？) （4）形容词 + 疑问词 + 动词不定式 主要用于主语对某事的态度或认知状态 · 常用形容词：sure, clear · 例句： · I am not sure who to meet now. (我不确定现在该见谁 ) · Are you clear when to hand in the report？ (你清楚什么时候交报告吗？) 2.特别注意事项 （1） 排除why：所有的疑问词都可以这样用，除了why 我们可以说“I don't know what to do”，但不能说“I don't know why to do it”（这种情况通常要用宾语从句：I don't know why I do it） （2） “怎么办”的陷阱：如果你想表达“我不知道怎么办”，不能译为“I don't know how to do.”，因为how to do后面缺少宾语，意思不完整 正确的表达是I don't know what to do. (做什么)，或者I don't know how to do it. (怎样做这件事) （3） 句法功能：这个结构在句中通常充当宾语（最常见）、表语（如：The question is where to go.）或主语（如：When to start has not been decided.） （二）情态动词must 和have to 1. 核心用法与区别 英语中表达“必须”，主要有 must 和 have to 两种方式，它们的关键区别在于说话人的角度 （1）含义不同：主观 vs. 客观 · must (必须)：强调主观看法 表示说话人觉得自己“必须”这么做，是发自内心的要求或命令 · We must study English hard. (我们必须努力学习英语 ——我认为这是应该的) · have to (不得不)：强调客观需要 表示由于外界因素或规定“不得不”这么做，是外力迫使的 · Tom missed a bus and had to wait for the next one. (汤姆错过了公交车，不得不等下一辆 ——客观情况导致) （2）句式变化不同 must 是个“独行侠”，只有一种形式；而 have to 是个“变形金刚”，有人称、数和时态的变化 情态动词 特点 例句对比 must 无人称和时态变化 (通常用于现在/将来) She must finish her homework first. (她现在/将来必须) have to 有人称和时态变化 (has to / had to / will have to) She has to finish her homework first. (她现在不得不) She had to stay up late last night. (她昨晚不得不熬夜) （3）否定形式大不同 这是考试中最容易出错的地方 · mustn't (千万不，绝对不，禁止)：是 must 的否定形式，语气非常强烈，表示 “禁止” 做某事 · You mustn't smoke in the hospital. (你禁止在医院吸烟 ——这是规定) · don't have to (不必)：是 have to 的否定形式，相当于 needn't，表示 “没有必要” 做某事 · You don't have to come with us if you don't want to. (如果你不想，你不必跟我们一起来 ——你有选择权) 疑问句的回答 当 must 用于提问时，回答非常有套路 ： · 问句：Must I ...? (我必须……吗？) · 肯定回答：Yes, you must. (是的，你必须 ) · 否定回答：No, you needn't / don't have to. (不，你不必 ) —— 千万不能用 mustn't，因为那表示“禁止”！ 2.用法总结对比表 项目 must have to 核心含义 必须 (主观看法) 说话人认为有必要 不得不 (客观需要) 外界因素迫使 否定形式 mustn't (禁止，不准) 语气强烈，表示绝对不可以 don't/doesn't/didn't have to (不必) 表示没有必要 时态变化 无 (只有一种形式)通常用于现在时或将来时 有（有人称和时态变化） 现在：have to /has to 过去：had to 将来：will have to 对“Must I...?”的回答 肯定：Yes, you must. 否定：No, you needn't / don't have to. （注意：否定回答千万不能用mustn't) (不用于这种主观提问) 二、中考题型练习题（30题） （一）单项选择 1 . —I am going camping this Saturday. I'll call Tom to make sure ______. A. which to start B. what to start C. who to start D. when to start 2 . There is some delicious food on the table. I really can't decide ______ first. A. what to eat B. how to eat C. who to eat D. when to eat 3 . —Sam, can you tell me ______? —Try Music World on Garden Street. A. why to buy a CD B. where to get a CD C. how to choose a CD D. when to record a CD 4 . —Have you decided ______, lady? —Sorry, I have difficulty making decisions. A. to buy which one B. buy which one C. which to buy one D. which one to buy 5 . The kites on the Internet are very cheap, but Millie doesn't know ______ them. A. why to buy B. what to buy C. how to buy D. who to buy 6 . We all need to know ______ to do if there is an earthquake. A.how B. what C. which D. whether 7 . The math problem is too difficult. The students don't know ______ it. A. how to solve B. what to solve C. when to solve D. why to solve 8 . —Safety is very important to all of us. —I agree. We students should learn ______ ourselves in the daily life. A. where to hold B. what to visit C. how to protect D. why to help 9 . This physics problem is difficult. Can you show me ______, Wang Lin? A. what to work it out B. what to work out it C. how to work it out D. how to work out it 10 . I don't know ______ about the air crash at the meeting. Could you please give some advice? A. what to talk B. what to say C. how to talk D. how to say 11. —Must I finish the work today, Mum? —No, you ______. You can finish it tomorrow. A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't D. shouldn't 12. —Mum, may I watch TV now? —Sure, but you ______ help me with the housework first. A. can B. may C. must D. could 13. You ______ smoke here, look at the sign “No smoking”. A. needn't B. mustn't C. don't have to D. couldn't 14. We ______ keep the new traffic law and learn how to protect ourselves. A. may B. can C. must D. need 15. —Can you go skating with us this afternoon? —Sorry, I can't. I ______ take care of my little sister at home. A. can B. may C. would D. have to 16. —Must we hand in the project today? —Yes, we ______. It can't be put off any longer. A. can B. may C. must D. need 17. You look tired. You ______ stay at home and have a rest. A. had to B. should C. would D. must 18. School students ______ smoke because it is bad for their health and it's against the law. A. needn't B. couldn't C. mustn't D. may not 19. —______ I finish the work right now? —No, you don't have to. You can do it later. A. Must B. May C. Can D. Should 20. It's raining heavily. We ______ wait until the rain stops. A. must B. can C. may D. have to 21. —I can't stop playing computer games. —For your health, I'm afraid you ______. A. can B. may C. must D. have to 22. You ______ return the book today. You can keep it until next Friday. A. mustn't B. needn't C. can't D. may not 23. In the library, we ______ keep quiet. It's a rule. A. can B. may C. must D. need 24. —Must I clean the room now, Mum? —No, you ______. You can do it after finishing your homework. A. mustn't B. shouldn't C. needn't D. can't 25. I ______ get up early tomorrow because I have an important meeting. A. must B. have to C. can D. may （二）改写句子 / 完成句子 26 . The children are discussing what they are going to do this weekend. (改为简单句) The children are discussing ______ ______ ______ this weekend. 27 . The lost girl didn't know where she could go. (改为同义句) The lost girl didn't know ______ ______ ______. 28 . I don't know how I can solve the problem. (改为同义句) I don't know ______ ______ ______ the problem. 29 . 老师教学生如何做实验 The teacher told the students ______ ______ ______ the experiment. 30 . 我不知道这个单词怎么发音 I don't know ______ ______ ______ this word. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $