Unit 5 语法讲解及习题：现在完成时（Present perfect）2025-2026学年沪教版英语八年级上册

沪教(牛津)英语八上Unit5语法讲解及习题 现在完成时(Present perfect) 一、核心语法点 1. 现在完成时的基本用法 含义: 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常与 already, yet, ever, never, just 等词连用。 例:I have already finished my homework.(我已经完成作业了。 现在作业是完成的状态) 表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态,常与 since, for, so far, up to now 等时间状语连用。 例:He has lived in this city for 10 years.(他在这个城市住了10年了。 现在还住在这里) 结构: 肯定句:主语 + have/has + 过去分词 I/You/We/They + have + 过去分词 He/She/It + has + 过去分词 否定句:主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词(缩写为 haven’t / hasn’t) I haven’t seen him recently.(我最近没见过他。) 一般疑问句:Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词…? Have you ever been to Beijing?(你曾经去过北京吗?) 回答:Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t. 2. 过去分词的构成规则 现在完成时的核心是 have/has + 过去分词,过去分词的变化分为规则变化和不规则变化: (1)规则变化 情况 变化规则 例词 例句 一般动词 直接加 -ed work worked(工作) play played(玩) I have worked here for 5 years.(我在这里工作了5年。) 以不发音的 e 结尾 直接加 -d live lived(居住) hope hoped(希望) She has lived in London since 2010.(她从2010年起就住在伦敦。) 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾 变 y 为 i,再加 -ed study studied(学习) try tried(尝试) He has studied Chinese for 3 years.(他学中文已经3年了。) 重读闭音节(辅元辅) 双写末尾辅音字母,再加 -ed stop stopped(停止) plan planned(计划) They have stopped the car at the red light.(他们在红灯前停下了车。) (2)不规则变化(重点记忆) 原动词 过去式 过去分词 例句 be was/were been I have been in Beijing for a week.(我在北京已经待了一周了。) do did done I have done lots of fun things so far.(到目前为止,我做了很多有趣的事。) see saw seen Have you seen the Great Wall?(你见过长城吗?) go went gone / been He has gone to London.(他去伦敦了。 人不在这儿) I have been to London twice.(我去过伦敦两次。 人已经回来了) eat ate eaten I have eaten Beijing duck.(我吃过北京烤鸭。) learn learnt / learned learnt / learned He has learnt how to play Go.(他学会了下围棋。) tell told told Our teacher has told us we will do some Chinese painting next week.(老师告诉我们下周要画中国画。) try tried tried I have tried tai chi before.(我以前试过太极。) stay stayed stayed She has stayed with her host family since 14 October.(她从10月14日起就和寄宿家庭住在一起。) write wrote written I have written an email to my mother.(我给妈妈写了一封邮件。) take took taken She has taken many photos in Beijing.(她在北京拍了很多照片。) 3. 现在完成时与 already, yet, ever, never, since, for 的搭配 词 用法 位置 例句 already 用于肯定句,表示“已经” 放在 have/has 之后,实义动词之前 I have already tried a lot of local food.(我已经尝过很多当地美食了。) yet 用于否定句和疑问句,表示“还(没)、已经” 通常放在句末 She hasn’t visited many places of interest yet.(她还没参观过很多名胜古迹。) Have you finished your homework yet?(你已经完成作业了吗?) ever 用于疑问句,表示“曾经” 放在 have/has 之后 Have you ever been to the Summer Palace?(你曾经去过颐和园吗?) never 用于否定句,表示“从未” 放在 have/has 之后 I have never tried tai chi before.(我以前从未试过太极。) since 后接时间点,表示“自从……以来” 句首或句末 She has stayed with her host family since 14 October.(她从10月14日起就和寄宿家庭住在一起。) Since 2010, he has lived in this city.(从2010年起,他就住在这个城市。) for 后接时间段,表示“持续……时间” 句末 Sarah has been in Beijing for a week.(Sarah在北京已经待了一周了。) He has studied English for 5 years.(他学英语已经5年了。) 4. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 现在完成时:强调过去动作对现在的影响或持续到现在的状态,不与具体的过去时间状语(如 yesterday, last week, in 2010)连用。 例:I have lost my key.(我把钥匙弄丢了。 现在找不到钥匙) 一般过去时:强调过去发生的动作本身,常与具体的过去时间状语连用。 例:I lost my key yesterday.(我昨天把钥匙弄丢了。 动作发生在昨天,现在钥匙可能已经找到了) 二、语法习题 题型一:单项选择 1. I _ in Beijing for a week now. A. am B. was C. have been D. will be 2. He has _ learnt how to play Go. A. already B. yet C. ever D. never 3. Have you _ been to the Summer Palace? A. already B. yet C. ever D. never 4. I have _ tried tai chi before, so I am excited. A. already B. yet C. ever D. never 5. She has stayed with her host family _ 14 October. A. since B. for C. in D. on 6. Sarah has been in Beijing _ a week. A. since B. for C. in D. on 7. I haven’t practised my Chinese phrases _. A. already B. yet C. ever D. never 8. Our teacher has _ us we will do some Chinese painting next week. A. tell B. told C. tells D. telling 9. Wei hasn’t _ to the UK. A. be B. been C. was D. were 10. I have _ lots of fun things so far. A. do B. did C. done D. doing 11. Have you _ the Great Wall? A. visit B. visited C. visits D. visiting 12. He has _ shown me the medals he won. A. also B. too C. either D. neither 13. How long _ you _ in Beijing? A. have; stayed B. has; stayed C. have; stay D. has; stay 14. I _ an email to my mother about my exchange experience. A. write B. wrote C. have written D. am writing 15. She hopes she _ many places of interest next week. A. visit B. visited C. will visit D. have visited 题型二:用括号内单词的适当形式填空 1. I have _ (be) in Beijing for a week now. 2. He has just _ (learn) how to play Go. 3. I have _ (do) lots of fun things so far. 4. I haven’t _ (practise) my Chinese phrases yet. 5. Our teacher has _ (tell) us we will do some Chinese painting next week. 6. I haven’t _ (try) tai chi before. 7. Wei hasn’t _ (be) to the UK. 8. She has _ (stay) with her host family since 14 October. 9. I have already _ (try) a lot of local food. 10. Have you ever _ (see) the Great Wall? 题型三:句型转换 1. I have been in Beijing for a week.(对划线部分提问) _ _ have you been in Beijing? 2. He has just learnt how to play Go.(改为否定句) He _ just learnt how to play Go. 3. I have already tried a lot of local food.(改为一般疑问句) _ you already tried a lot of local food? 4. She hasn’t visited many places of interest yet.(改为肯定句) She _ visited many places of interest already. 5. I have never tried tai chi before.(改为同义句) I _ _ tried tai chi before. 题型四:根据中文提示完成句子 1. 我在北京已经待了一周了。 I have been in Beijing _ a week. 2. 他刚学会下围棋。 He has just _ how to play Go. 3. 你曾经去过颐和园吗? Have you _ been to the Summer Palace? 4. 我以前从未试过太极,所以我很兴奋。 I have _ tried tai chi before, so I am excited. 5. 她从10月14日起就和寄宿家庭住在一起。 She has stayed with her host family _ 14 October. 三、答案与详细解析 题型一:单项选择 1. C 解析:for a week 表示时间段,用于现在完成时,表示从过去持续到现在的状态。 2. A 解析:肯定句中用 already 表示“已经”,放在 have/has 之后。 3. C 解析:疑问句中用 ever 表示“曾经”,放在 have/has 之后。 4. D 解析:否定句中用 never 表示“从未”,放在 have/has 之后。 5. A 解析:14 October 是时间点,用 since 表示“自从……以来”。 6. B 解析:a week 是时间段,用 for 表示“持续……时间”。 7. B 解析:否定句句末用 yet 表示“还(没)”。 8. B 解析:has 后接过去分词 told,构成现在完成时。 9. B 解析:hasn’t 后接过去分词 been,构成现在完成时。 10. C 解析:have 后接过去分词 done,构成现在完成时。 11. B 解析:have 后接过去分词 visited,构成现在完成时。 12. A 解析:also 放在 have/has 之后,表示“也”。 13. A 解析:you 用 have,后接过去分词 stayed,构成现在完成时。 14. C 解析:表示过去动作对现在的影响(已经写了邮件),用现在完成时。 15. C 解析:next week 表示将来,用一般将来时 will visit。 题型二:用括号内单词的适当形式填空 1. been 2. learnt / learned 3. done 4. practised / practiced 5. told 6. tried 7. been 8. stayed 9. tried 10. seen 题型三:句型转换 1. How long 2. hasn’t 3. Have 4. has 5. have not / haven’t 题型四:根据中文提示完成句子 1. for 2. learnt / learned 3. ever 4. never 5. since ( 1 ) 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $