Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world三-2025-2026学年高中英语易错词汇精讲必修第三册（译林版）

高中·译林版·必修第三册 寒假专版 B版易错词汇精讲 【寒假专版】 高中·译林版·必修第三册Unit4 Scientists who changed the world 单元词汇总览 bomb /bom/.炸弹；核武器：t.negate /n'gett.取消，使无效；许，许可使有可能：/p3mtn. 轰炸 否认，否定 许可证 evil/'i:vlm.罪恶，恶行；害处，坏intellectual/,mta'lektfual/adj.脑responsibility1,sponsa'bIlati/n 处：dj.恶毒的：有害的；恶魔力的：有才智的，智力发达的：n.责任，负责：职责，义务 的 知识分子，脑力劳动者 declare/dr'klea)/t.表明，宣称； involve/i'vDlv/vt.包含，牵涉，mystery/'mIstri/n.神秘；神秘的 公布，宣布：申报 影响：（使）参加 人（或事物）：悬疑作品 nationality/,ne'li/n.国籍： scientific/,saren'trfik/adj..科学let sb down使某人失望 民族 的，关于科学的；细致严谨的ignorance/'Ignsrans/n.无知 put forward提出，提议，建议 credit./'kredrt/h.赞扬，认可；信asto关于，至于 evolution/,i:va'lu:jnn.进化，演 用：t.存入金额；把…归于take it for granted/gra:ntid想变，发展 moral/mprl/adj.道德的：道义当然地认为，认为…是理所当然publish/'pAblif/vt.出版，发行：发 上的：品行端正的；n.品行，道freedom/'fri:damm.自由 表：公布 德；寓意 authority/b:'Drati/n.权威，权力；marriage/'marid3h.结婚，婚姻； apply /a'plat.&vi.应用；申官方 已婚状态 请：涂：有关 permit /p3'mt/t.&vi.允许，准 易错词汇精讲 1.involve/m'vDlv/vt.包含，牵涉，影响：（使）参加 ·易错点：易混淆固定搭配involve doing sth.(需要做某事)与involve sb.in sth.(使某人参与某 事)，常误接动词原形。 ·精讲：involve后接动名词作宾语，不接不定式：表示“使某人参与”时需加介词in。 ·例句：The job involves working night shifts.(这份工作需要上夜班。) ·真题链接：（译林版高中必修三同步练习）：The project will involve一build)a new bridge over the river..(答案：building) 2.apply'plat.&vi.应用；申请：涂：有关 ·易错点：易混淆搭配apply for(申请)与apply to(应用于：适用于)，介词使用易出错：作“申 请”时易漏写for。 ·精讲：apply for+职位/许可（申请…）；apply to+事物/人（应用于…）：apply oneself to 高中·译林版·必修第三册 寒假专版 (致力于)。 ·例句：(I)He applied for the job as a teacher..(2)This rule doesn't apply to children. ·真题链接：You need to apply.一a visa before traveling to the US.(答案：for) 3.credit/'kredrt/n.赞扬，认可；信用：t.存入金额：把…归于 ·易错点：易混淆固定搭配give credit to(认可…)与take credit for(把…归功于自己)：作 “把…归于”时易漏写介词to。 ·精讲：credit作动词时，常用结构credit sth.tosb.(把某事归功于某人)：作名词时，搭配get/have credit for(因…获得认可)。 ·例句：She credited her success to hard work.(她将成功归功于努力工作。) ·真题链接：The team leader took credit_the project's success,.but everyone knew it was a group effort.(答案：for) 4.permit /p3'mtt.&vi.允许，准许，许可：使有可能；/'p3mtn.许可证 ·易错点：易混淆动词permit(允许)与名词permit(许可证)的发音和用法；动词后接动名词 作宾语，易误接不定式。 ·精讲：动词permit的搭配为permit doing sth.或permit sb.to do sth..;名词permit为可数名词， 如a driving permit(驾驶执照)。 ·例句：(l)The rules do not permit smoking here.(2)You need a special permit to enter the area. ·真题链接：The teacher permitted us(leave)early after finishing the test.(答案：to leave) 5.moral/'npral/adj.道德的：道义上的：品行端正的；n.品行，道德；寓意 ·易错点：易混淆形容词moral(道德的)与名词morality(道德，伦理)：作“寓意”时易与 meaning混淆。 ·精讲：moral作形容词时，搭配moral values(道德价值观)：作名词时，常用搭配draw a moral fiom（从…中吸取教训)。 ·例句：The story has a strong moral about honesty.(这个故事有一个关于诚实的深刻寓意。) ·真题链接：It's our_duty to help those in need.(答案：moral) 6.declare/d'klea)/t.表明，宣称；公布，宣布：申报 ·易错点：易与announce混淆，declare强调“正式、公开地声明”，announce侧重“告知消息”； 后接宾语从句时易漏写that。 ·精讲：常见搭配declare sth.tosb.(向某人宣布某事)；declare war on(对…宣战)：declare oneself（表明立场)。 ·例句：The government declared a state of emergency..(政府宣布进入紧急状态。) ·真题链接：He declared一he would run for president in the next election.(答案：that) 高中·译林版·必修第三册 寒假专版 7.put forward提出，提议，建议 ·易错点：易误写为put forword(拼写错误)：易与come up with(提出)混淆，put forward更 强调“正式提交”。 ·精讲：put forward为动词短语，宾语可以是plan,idea,suggestion等；常用被动语态be put forward。. ·例句：Several proposals were put forward at the meeting.(会议上提出了几项提案。) ·真题链接：The committee put forward a new_(政策)to reduce air pollution..(答案：policy) 8.scientific/,saan'tfk/adj.科学的，关于科学的：细致严谨的 ·易错点：易误写为scientifical(多余后缀al):易与science(名词，科学)混淆词性。 ·精讲：scientific为形容词，修饰名词，如scientificresearch(科学研究)：副词形式为scientifically。 ·例句：We need to take a scientific approach to solving the problem.(我们需要用科学的方法解决 这个问题。) ·真题链接：The experiment was carried out in a一（科学的）way.(答案：scientific) 9.intellectual/nte'lektfual/adj.脑力的：有才智的，智力发达的：n.知识分子，脑力劳动者 ·易错点：易混淆形容词含义与名词含义：发音易重读错误，重音在第三音节/te'lekt fual/,而 非第一音节。 ·精讲：作形容词时，搭配intellectuability(智力)：作名词时，指“知识分子”，如a leading intellectual(杰出的知识分子)。 ·例句：She has great intellectual curiosity..(她有强烈的求知欲。) ·真题链接：The book is intended for._(知识分子)rather than the general public.(答案：intellectuals) 10.freedom/fi:dan/m.自由 ·易错点：易误写为free dom(错误拆分)，该词为不可数名词，无复数形式：易与free(形容 词，自由的)混淆词性。 ·精讲：常用搭配freedom of speech(言论自由)：degree of freedom(自由度)。 ·例句：Everyone has the right to freedom of expression..(每个人都有言论自由的权利。) ·真题链接：They fought for一and equality all their lives.(答案：freedom) l1.responsibility/r,spDnsa3'btih.责任，负责：职责，义务 ·易错点：易漏写中间的s或i,误写为responsability:易与responsible(形容词，负责的)混淆。 ·精讲：常用搭配take responsibility for(对…负责)：sense of responsibility(责任感) ·例句：Parents have a responsibility to educate their children.（父母有教育子女的责任。) ·真题链接：As adults,.we must take.一for our own actions..(答案：responsibility) 高中·译林版·必修第三册 寒假专版 12.asto关于，至于 ·易错点：易与as for混淆，asto更正式，常用于书面语，后可接疑问词引导的从句：易漏写to: ·精讲：asto后接名词、代词或疑问词(what,how,whether等)，如as to the reason(关于原因)： as to whether we should go（至于我们是否应该去)。 ·例句：There is some doubt as to his honesty.(关于他的诚实性存在一些疑问。) ·真题链接：一the future plan,we need to discuss it further..(答案：Asto) 13.take it for granted/'gra:ntid/想当然地认为，认为…是理所当然 ·易错点：易漏写it,误写为take for granted;for granted前必须加it作形式宾语，真正宾语是后 面的从句。 ·精讲：固定结构take it for granted that..（认为…是理所当然的)，it不可省略。 ·例句：We often take it for granted that our parents will always be there for us.（我们常常想当然地 认为父母会一直陪伴我们。) ·真题链接：Many people take一for granted that clean water is always available.(答案：it) 14.evolution/,iv3lu:fn/n.进化，演变，发展 ·易错点：易误写为evolution(拼写正确，但易漏写中间的u):易与revolution(革命)混淆词 形和含义。 ·精讲：常用搭配theory of evolution(进化论)：the evolution of language(语言的演变)。 ·例句：Darwin's theory of evolution changed the way we think about life.(达尔文的进化论改变了 我们对生命的看法。) ·真题链接：The一of technology has greatly changed our daily life.(答案：evolution) 易错词汇综合训练 1.一、单项选择 1.The research project will involve_(collect)data from over 500 participants. ●A.collect ·B.to collect ·C.collecting ●D.collected 2.You must apply_a student visa before studying abroad. 高中·译林版·必修第三册 寒假专版 ·A.for ●B.to ●C.with 。D.in 3.The manager took creditthe team's achievement without mentioning anyone else. 。A.to ●B.for ·C.with 。D.of 4.The sign clearly states that smoking-in the library. ●A.isn't permitted 。B.isn't allowing ●C.doesn't permit ·D.won't allow 5.It is ourduty to protect the environment for future generations. ●A.moral ●B.morality 。C.mortal 。D.norale 6.The government declared_a new policy to reduce carbon emissions next month. ·A.what .B.that ●C.which 高中·译林版·必修第三册 寒假专版 ·D.whether 7.the budget issue,we need to hold a meeting with the finance department. ●A.As for ·B.Asto 。C.Because 。D.Since 8.Many people take-for granted that technology will solve all problems. 。A.this .B.that 。c.it 。D.them 2.二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.The_()of smartphones has changed people's daily lives dramatically. 2.She has a strong sense of(and always finishes tasks on time. 3.The committee()a new plan to improve public transportation yesterday. 4.We need a._(科学的)approach to test this hypothesis.. 5.The story's(is that honesty is the best policy. 3.三、首字母填空 1.The project requires iteamwork and communication among all members. 2.Freedom of speech is a basic human r in many countries. 3.He c_his success to hard work and the support of his family. 4.You need a special pto enter the restricted area. 5.The icommunity has shown great interest in this new discovery. 4.四、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The job involves_(travel)to different cities every month.(travel) 2.The teacher permitted us_(use)dictionaries during the exam.(use) 高中·译林版·必修第三册 寒假专版 3.We should take(responsible)for our own decisions.(responsible) 4.She has made great_(science)contributions to medical research.(science) 5.They declared_(they)support for the environmental protection campaign.(they) 5.参考答案 ·一、单项选择 1.C2.A3B4.A5.A6.B7B8.C ·二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.evolution 2.responsibility 3.put forward 4.scientific 5.moral ·三、首字母填空 1.involving 2.right 3.credited 4.permit 5.intellectual ·四、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.traveling 2.to use 3.responsibility 4.scientific 5.their