Unit 3 Back to the past二-2025-2026学年高中英语易错词汇精讲选择性必修第三册（译林版）

高中译林 寒假专版 B版易错词汇精讲 【寒假专版】 高中·译林·选择性必修第三册Unit3 Back to the past二 单元词汇总览 exceptional/k'sepfan1/adj.杰出相互摩擦 hatch /haetf/vt.密谋，策划：使 的，优秀的：异常的，罕见的washroom/wpfiu:m/n.洗手间，孵出；vi.孵化；孵出 phrase /frerz/n.成语，习语：短厕所 plot /plot/n.阴谋：故事情节；vi 语，词组 uniform/ju:nrfo:m/n.制服，队阴谋，密谋 format/fo:maet/n.总体安排，设服：adj.一致的，统一的 *infamy/'nfami/n.臭名昭著，声 计：版式 violently/'varelantli/adv.猛烈地，名狼藉：恶行，罪恶 shelf/elf/n.(pl.shelves/felvz)厉害地：强烈地，激烈地：凶狠sink /smk/vi.&t.(sank,sunk) (书架等的)架子，搁板 地 下沉，沉没：坐下：降低 adopt/A'dopt/t.采用，采取；表eagle/i:gl/n.雕 memorial /m3'm3ial/n.纪念碑 决采纳：领养，收养；vi.领养，dive/darv//vi.俯冲；跳水；潜水：（或像等）：纪念物 收养 n.冲，扑，俯冲：潜水；跳水pray /prer/vi.&t.企盼，祈求： comparison /kam'persn/n.对thunder/end()/vi.轰隆地响：祈祷，祷告 比，比较 打雷：n.雷，雷声 episode/'episaud/n.一段经历， pack /paek/vt.&vi.塞进，挤进；freeze/fii:zlvi.&t.(foze,片段：一集 装（箱，收拾：打包，包装：n.包，frozen)突然停止：呆住；结冰；冻*textile/tekstal/n.纺织品：(tex- 包裹：小盒，小包 僵 tiles)纺织业 contrary/'kpntrari/adj.相反的，*deck/de/n.甲板，层面 reform /r'fo:m/t.改进，改良， 相对立的：截然不同的；contrary meanwhile'mi:nwarl/adv.同时；改革；n.改革，改良 to与…相反 其间：对比之下 output/'atpt/n.产量，输出量 *hell /hel/n.地狱：苦难的经历，drag /draeg/vt.拖，拉：缓慢而费cloth /klDe/n.织物，布料 悲惨的境况 力地移动 shift /fft/n.改变，转移；轮班： aboard/a'bo:d/prep.&adv.在chaos/'kers/n.混乱，杂乱 vi.&t.(使)移动，（使）转移：改 (车、船、飞机等)上，上（车、船、nay/nervi/n.海军，海军部队 变 飞机等) bleed /bli:dvi.(bled,bled失血，cottage/'kDtd3/n.小屋，村舍； *rub /rab/t.&vi.擦，搓：（使）流血 cottage industry家庭手工业 易错词汇精讲 1.adopt/A'dppt/t.采用，采取；表决采纳；领养，收养：i.领养，收养 ·易错点：易混淆“领养”与“采纳”含义；作“领养”时易误用于被动语态（正确：adopt a child,. 而非a child is adopted by sb.需注意文化语境)。 ·精讲：作及物动词时，“采纳”后接政策/方法(adopt a policy),“领养”后接人(adopt a baby): 高中译林 寒假专版 vi.仅表“领养”，如She decided to adopt. ·例句：(I)We should adopt new technology to improve efficiency.（采用)(2)The couple adopted a girl from the orphanage.(领养) ·真题链接：The government plans to (stricter measures to protect the environment. (答案：adopt) 2.contrary/'kDntra3ri/adj.相反的，相对立的；截然不同的；contrary to与…相反 ·易错点：固定搭配contrary to易漏写to;作形容词时易误与opposite混淆(contrary强调观点/性 质对立，opposite强调位置/方向相反)。 ·精讲：contrary to后接名词/代词/从句，如Contrary to popular belief,.not all sharks are dangerous.. ·例句：His actions were contrary to his words. ·真题链接： (与…相反)what many people think,online learning can be very effective. (答案：Contrary to） 3.freeze/fri:zvi.&t.(froze,frozen)突然停止：呆住：结冰：冻僵 ·易错点：易混淆不规则过去式/过去分词(froze,,frozen),误写为freezed:作“呆住”时易漏用 系表结构(freeze+adj.)。 ·精讲：表“结冰”时主语可为天气/水(The lake froze last night):表“呆住”时常用freeze with fear/shock. ·例句：(1)The temperature dropped to-l0 C and the pipes froze.(2)She froze when she saw the snake. ·真题链接：The river (结冰)solid during the cold winter,so we could skate on it..(答 案：froze) 4.bleed/bli:d/vi.bled,bled失血，流血 ·易错点：易混淆不规则过去式/过去分词(bled,bled),误写为bleed:作“流血”时易误加宾语 (i.无需宾语，如He bled heavily)。 ·精讲：固定搭配bleed to death(流血致死)：比喻义“榨取钱财”时为t.(bleed sb.dy)。 ·例句：He was wounded in the accident and bled a lot. ·真题链接：The injured man (流血)seriously before the ambulance arrived,. (答案： bled) 5.sink/skvi.&t.(sank,sunk)下沉，沉没；坐下；降低 ·易错点：易混淆过去式/过去分词(sank/sunk均可作过去式，过去分词仅用snk):作“下沉” 时易误用于主动表被动（The ship sank,无需被动)。 ·精讲：表“坐下”时常用sink into a chair:表“降低”时主语可为太阳/声音(The sun sank below the horizon)。 ·例句：(1)The Titanic sank after hitting an iceberg.(2)She sank into the sofa,exhausted. 高中译林 寒假专版 ·真题链接：The sun (下沉)slowly,,painting the sky red.(答案：sank) 6.shift小ft/n.改变，转移；轮班：vi.&vt.(使)移动，（使）转移：改变 ·易错点：作名词“轮班”时易与“变化”含义混淆；作动词时易误与move混用（shift强调轻 微/逐渐移动，move可表任何位移)。 ·精讲：固定搭配shift one's attention(转移注意力)：night shift(夜班)。 ·例句：(I)There has been a shift in public opinion about this issue.(n.变化)(2)He shifted the heavy box to the corner.(t.移动) ·真题链接：We need to (转移)our focus from quantity to quality.(答案：shift) 7.drag /draeg/vt.拖，拉：缓慢而费力地移动 ·易错点：易与pull混淆(dg强调“费力拖行”，pull强调“主动拉拽”，方向可上可下)：易漏 用介词(drag sth.across/along)。 ·精讲：drag one's feet表示“拖延”，如He dragged his feet on the project ·例句：She dragged the heavy suitcase up the stairs. ·真题链接：The workers had to (拖)the fallen tree off the road..(答案：drag) 8.plot /plt/n.阴谋；故事情节：vi.阴谋，密谋 ·易错点：易混淆“阴谋”与“情节”含义；作动词“密谋”时易误接不定式（正确：plot to do sth.,而非plot doing)。 ·精讲：表“故事情节”时为中性(the plot of a novel);表“阴谋”时为贬义(a plot against the government)。 ·例句：(I)The movie has a complicated plot.(2)They plotted to steal the diamonds ·真题链接：The detective discovered a (阴谋)to kill the president..(答案：plot) 9.compare /kam'pear)/v.比较，对比（注：原数据无该词，但comparison为其名词，此处补充核心 动词易错点) ·易错点：易混淆compare to(比作)与compare with(比较异同)；被动语态中易漏用介词(com- pared with/to)。 ·精讲：compare to强调相似性(Shakespeare compared the world to a stage);compare with强调对 (Compared with last year,sales have increased by 20%). ·例句：Compared with her sister,she is more outgoing. ·真题链接： (with traditional shopping,online shopping is more convenient. 案：Compared) 10.uniform/ju:nrfo:m/n.制服，队服；adj.一致的，统一的 高中译林 寒假专版 ·易错点：作形容词时易误与same混淆(uniform强调标准统一，same强调完全相同)：作名词 时易漏用不定冠词(a uniform,因u发辅音j)。 ·精讲：固定搭配in uniform(穿着制服)：uniform policy(统一政策)。 .:(1)All students must wear school uniform.(2)The temperature remains uniform throughout the day. ·真题链接：The soldiers look smart in their new (制服).（答案：uniform) 11.chaos/'keDs/n.混乱，杂乱 ·易错点：易误为可数名词（实际为不可数，无复数形式）：易漏用介词in(in chaos处于混乱中)。 ·精讲：常用搭配create chaos(制造混乱)；throw sth.into chaos(使某事物陷入混乱)。 ·例句：The traffic was in chaos after the accident,. ·真题链接：The sudden storm caused (混乱)in the city.（答案：chaos) 12.hatch /haet/t.密谋，策划；使孵出：vi.孵化；孵出 ·易错点：易混淆“密谋”与“孵化”含义：作“密谋”时易漏用介词(hatch a plot against sb.)。 ·精讲：表“孵化”时主语可为鸟/蛋(The eggs hatched in21days);表“密谋”时常用hatch a plan/plot。 .:(1)The rebels hatched a plan to overthrow the government.(2)The hen is hatching her chicks. ·真题链接：The criminals (策划)a robbery at the bank last month.(答案：hatched) 13.meanwhile/mi:nwar/adv.同时；其间；对比之下 ·易错点：易误与meantime混淆(meanwhile为副词，单独作状语；meantime为名词，需用in the meantime)。 ·精讲：置于句首/句中，表“同时”时前后句动作并列；表“对比”时强调差异。 ·例句：(I)I was doing homework;meanwhile,.my brother was watching TV.(2)The weather was cold; meanwhile,we enjoyed the trip. ·真题链接：She was studying for the exam. (同时)，her friends were playing outside. (答案：Meanwhile) 14.output/'autput/n.产量，输出量 ·易错点：易误为可数名词（实际为不可数，无复数形式）；易与outcome(结果)混淆(output 强调生产/数据量，outcome强调事件结果)。 ·精讲：常用搭配increase output(提高产量) ·例句：The factory has doubled its output this year ·真题链接：The company aims to increase its (产量)by30%next year.(答案：output) 高中译林 寒假专版 易错词汇综合训练 1.一、单项选择 1.The government has decided to a new policy to reduce air pollution. 。A.adapt ·B.adopt ·C.adjust ●D.admit 2. to popular opinion,eating chocolate does not cause acne directly. ●A.Contrary ·B.Opposite ·C.Against ●D.Unlike 3.The lake completely last winter,allowing us to ice-skate safely. 。A.freezed ●B.froze ●C.frozen 。D.freezing 4.After the accident,the injured driver heavily before the ambulance arrived. ·A.bleed ·B.bled ·C.blood 。D.bleeding 5.The sun below the mountains,painting the sky in beautiful colors. ●A.sink 高中译林 寒假专版 ●B.sank ●C.sunk 。D.sinking 6.You need to your focus from details to the overall structure of the essay. ●A.nove ●B.shit 。C.drag 。D.pul 7.The workers had to the heavy equipment across the construction site. ●A.drag ·B.pull ·C.push 。D.lift 8.The novel's is so complicated that I can't follow the characters'relationships. ●A.plot ●B.plan ·C.story ●D.tale 9. with traditional teaching,online courses offer more flexible learning schedules. ●A.Comparing ●B.Compar'e 。C.Compared ·D.To compare 10.The soldiers look neat and disciplined in their new 高中译林 寒假专版 ●A.uniform ·B.clothes ●C.suit ·D.dress 2.二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.The couple decided to (领养)a child from the local orphanage. 2.Her actions were (相反的)to her promises,.making everyone disappointed. 3.The temperature dropped sharply,and the water pipes (结冰)overnight, 4.The patient (continuously and needed an immediate transfusion. 5.The company aims to increase its (产量)by30%next year. 6.The sudden power outage caused. (混乱)in the shopping mall.. 7.The rebels (a secret plan to attack the government building. 8.She was studying for the exam; (同时)，her brother was playing video games. 3.三、首字母填空 1.It is important to a effective learning strategies to improve your grades. 2.C to what you think,I actually enjoy studying math 3.The river f solid during the coldest month,so we walked across it. 4.The injured dog b to death before the vet arrived. 5.After the ship hit the iceberg,it s slowly into the ocean. 6.There has been a s in public attitude towards environmental protection. 7.The workers had to d the fallen tree out of the road to clear traffic 8.The detective suspected that the criminals were h a plot to rob the bank. 4.四、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The team (adopt)a new training method last month,which improved their performance. 2.When she saw the ghost,she (freeze)with fear and couldn't move. 3. (compare)with last semester,his English has improved a lot. 4.The eggs (hatch)after being kept in the incubator for three weeks. 高中译林 寒假专版 5.The company's. (output)of electronic products reached a new high this year. 5.参考答案 ·一、单项选择 1B2.A3B4.B5B6B7.A8.A9.C10.A ·二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.adopt 2.contrary 3.froze 4.bled 5.output 6.chaos 7.hatched 8.meanwhile ·三、首字母填空 1.adopt 2.Contrary 3.froze 4.bled 5.sank 6.shift 7.drag 8.hatching ·四、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.adopted 2.froze 3.Compared 4.hatched 5.output