Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world二-2025-2026学年高中英语易错词汇精讲必修第三册（译林版）

高中必修第三册译林版 寒假专版 B版易错词汇精讲 【寒假专版】 高中·译林版·必修第三册Unit4 Scientists who changed the world二 单元词汇总览 conduct/kan'dktt.&vi.组织，intelligent/m'teld3ant/adj.有才charge /tfa:d/t.&vi.充电；收 实施：指挥：引导：举止 智的，聪明的；有智力的 费；控告；谴责；使…承担责任： illustrate/l3 strert/vt.说明，解释：favour /'ferva(r)/(AmE favor)t.使充满：n.收费；控告：谴责：掌 加图于 较喜欢：偏祖：有助于：n.帮助，管 *penicillin/penr'srln/m.青霉素，好事：赞同；偏袒 electric'lektrIk/adj.电的，发电 盘尼西林 politician/,ppla'tn/n.政治家， 的，电动的 *mould/mald/(AmE mold)n.霉从政者：投机钻营者 *bang /bae1)/h.突然的巨响：猛敲， 菌：模具；类型；t.浇铸，塑造*lightning/'latn)/h.闪电 猛击；vi.&t.砸：砰地关上：猛 *bacteria/bek'tari3/n.(sing.electricity/,lek'trIsati/n.电，电撞：碰撞 bacterium)细菌 能 with a bang很成功；引人注目， surround/sa'raond/vt.围绕，环theory/'Iri.学说，论；原理；有强烈影响 绕：包围：与…紧密相关 看法，意见 standout/'staendaut/adj.突出的； indicate/'mndikeit/vt.表明；暗示：thunderstorm/'OAndasto:m/m.雷n.突出的人（或物） 提及；指出 雨，雷暴 *atomic /a'tDnk/adj.原子能的： accident/'aeksidant/n.意外，偶然 *ribbon/'ban/m.带子，丝带：带原子的 的事：事故，意外遭遇 状物 by accident偶然，意外地 metal/'metl/n.金属 易错词汇精讲 1.conduct/kan'dktt.&i.组织，实施：指挥；引导：举止 ·易错点：易混淆动词发音n'dkt/与名词发音'kpndAkt/(含义为“行为，举止”)，且多义用 法易混淆。 ·精讲：作动词时，宾语常为“活动、实验、调查”等，如conduct a survey;作“举止”讲时， 主语为人，如conduct oneself well。 ·例句：The scientist conducted an experiment to test the theory.(这位科学家实施了一项实验来验 证该理论。) ·真题链接：（译林版高中必修三同步练习）：The director the orchestra with great skill during the concert.(答案：conducted) 2.charge /tfa:d3t.&vi充电：收费：控告：谴责；使…承担责任；使充满：n.收费：控告；谴责： 掌管 高中必修第三册译林版 寒假专版 ·易错点：易混淆“充电”“收费”“控告”等多义用法，以及固定搭配中介词搭配（如charge sb, with sth.控告某人某事)。 ·精讲：“充电”后接介词for,如charge the phone:“收费”用charge sb.money for sth.;“控告” 用charge sb.with a crime。 ·例句：The hotel charges200 yuan a night for a single room.(这家酒店单人间每晚收费200元。) ·真题链接：（译林版高中必修三同步练习）：The police the man with stealing a car last week.(答案：charged) 3.favour/feva)/(AmE favor))t.较喜欢；偏祖：有助于；n.帮助，好事；赞同：偏袒 ·易错点：易混淆动词“偏袒”与名词“帮助”的用法，且固定搭配“in favour of'”(支持)易 漏写of。 ·精讲：作名词“帮助”时，常用dosb.a favour;:作动词“偏祖”时，后接sb.,如favour the youngest child。 ·例句：Could you do me a favour and pass the book?(你能帮我个忙把书递过来吗？) ·真题链接：（译林版高中必修三同步练习）：Most students are favour of the new school rules.(答案：in) 4.theory/Iari/n.学说，论：原理；看法，意见 ·易错点：易与“hypothesis(假设)”混淆，且“in theory”(理论上)与“in practice”(实践中) 搭配易误用。 ·精讲：指经过验证的“学说”时，如the theory of evolution:指个人“看法”时，比opinion更 正式。 ·例句：In theory,this method should work,but we need to test it.(理论上这个方法应该有效，但我 们需要测试。) ·真题链接：（译林版高中必修三同步练习)：Einstein's of relativity changed the way we understand the universe.(答案：theory) 5.surround/sa'raund/t.围绕，环绕：包围：与…紧密相关 ·易错点：易误用作不及物动词，需接宾语，且被动语态“be surrounded by”易漏写by。 ·精讲：后接名词或代词，强调“从四面八方包围”，如The house is surrounded by trees. ·例句：The mountain is surrounded by a lake on three sides.(这座山三面被湖环绕。) ·真题链接：（译林版高中必修三同步练习）：The small village by green hills looks very beautiful.(答案：surrounded) 6.indicate/'ndikeit/t.表明；暗示；提及；指出 ·易错点：易与“suggest”混淆，indicate强调“通过迹象或数据表明”，后接从句时不用虚拟语 气(suggest表“建议”时用虚拟)。 高中必修第三册译林版 寒假专版 ·精讲：主语多为“数据、图表、迹象”等，如The results indicate that the theory is correct. ·例句：A red light indicates that the machine is of.(红灯表示机器已关闭。) ·真题链接：（译林版高中必修三同步练习）：The survey results that most students prefer online learning.(答案：indicated) 7.accident/'aeksidant/n.意外，偶然的事：事故，意外遭遇 ·易错点：易与“incident(小事件)”混淆，且固定搭配“by accident”(偶然)易误写为“byan accident”(不可数名词，无冠词)。 ·精讲：指“意外事故”时，如a car accident:“偶然的事”用by accident,.相当于accidentally。 ·例句：I met her by accident in the street yesterday.(我昨天在街上偶然遇到了她。) ·真题链接：（译林版高中必修三同步练习）：He didn't mean to break the window,it was an (答案：accident). 8.metal/'met/m.金属 ·易错点：易误写为“mental(精神的)”，因发音相近导致拼写混淆。 ·精讲：指具体金属种类时，常用复数，如metals like iron and copper;作形容词时，用metallic (金属的)。 ·例句：This bridge is made of strong metal.(这座桥由坚固的金属制成。) ·真题链接： (译林版高中必修三同步练习)：The chair is too heavy to move. 案：metal) 9.atomic/a'tpmik/adj.原子能的：原子的 ·易错点：易误写为“atom(原子，名词)”，忽略形容词后缀-ic,且“atomic bomb”(原子弹) 易漏写atomic。 ·精讲：修饰名词时，如atomic energy(原子能)、atomic structure（原子结构)。 ·例句：The country is developing atomic technology for peaceful purposes.(该国正在为和平目的 发展原子能技术。) ·真题链接：（译林版高中必修三同步练习）：The scientist studied the structure of the new element.(答案：atomic) 10.standout/'staendaut/adj.突出的：n.突出的人（或物） ·易错点：易误拆分为“stand out”(动词短语，突出)，忽略其合成词词性（既可作形容词也可 作名词)。 ·精讲：作形容词时，修饰名词，如a standout performance;作名词时，指“优秀者”，如a standout in the class。 ·例句：Her painting was a standout in the art exhibition.(她的画在艺术展中很突出。) 高中必修第三册译林版 寒假专版 ·真题链接： (译林版高中必修三同步练习)：The player's skills made him the star of the team.(答案：standout) 11.mould /maold/(AmE mold)n.霉菌：模具：类型；t.浇铸，塑造 ·易错点：英式拼写(mould)与美式拼写(mold)易混淆，且“模具”与“塑造”含义易误用。 ·精讲：作“霉菌”时不可数，如green mould on bread:作“塑造”讲时，宾语可为人的性格， 如mould a child's character。 ·例句：The artist used a mould to make the clay sculpture.(这位艺术家使用模具制作泥塑。) ·真题链接：（译林版高中必修三同步练习）：The old bread was covered with and had to be thrown away.(答案：mould) 12.electric'lektrik/adj.电的，发电的，电动的 ·易错点：易与“electrical(与电相关的)”混淆，electric指“直接使用电力的”，electrical指“与 电有关的学科、设备等”。 ·精讲：electric修饰具体电器，如electric car(电动汽车)：electrical修饰抽象概念，如electrical engineering(电气工程)。 ·例句：My father bought an electric bike last month.(我爸爸上个月买了一辆电动自行车。) ·真题链接：（译林版高中必修三同步练习）：The appliances in the kitchen need to be checked regularly..(答案：electrical) 13.illustrate'l3 streIt/vt.说明，解释；加图于 ·易错点：易误用作“举例”时接介词with(illustrate sth.with examples),或，忽略“加图于”含 义。 ·精讲：“说明”时，宾语为“观点、理论”，如illustrate a point with data:“加图于”指在书中 配图，如illustrate a book。 ·例句：The teacher used a diagram to illustrate the process.(老师用图表来说明这个过程。) ·真题链接：（译林版高中必修三同步练习）：The article is】 with photos of the ancient city.(答案：illustrated) 14.intelligent/m'teld3ant/adj.有才智的，聪明的：有智力的 ·易错点：易与“clever(聪明的，口语化)”“wise(明智的，侧重判断)”混淆，intelligent强调 “智力水平高”。 ·精讲：修饰人或动物，如an intelligent student:不修饰“行为”，可用intelligent decision(需用 名词)。 ·例句：Dolphins are considered one of the most intelligent animals.(海豚被认为是最聪明的动物 之一。) ·真题链接：（译林版高中必修三同步练习）：The boy solved the math problem in five minutes..(答案：intelligent) 高中必修第三册译林版 寒假专版 易错词汇综合训练 1.一、单项选择 1.The manager decided to a survey to find out customers'opinions. ●A.conduct ·B.charge ·C.favour ●D.indicate 2.The police the suspect with theft after collecting enough evidence. ●A.surrounded ●B.illustrated ●C.charged ●D.noulded 3.Most people are favour of using public transport to reduce pollution. 。A.in ●B.on ●C.at ●D.with theory,this new technology can solve the problem,but it needs more tests. ●A.On 。B.In ·C.At ●D.FoI 5.The small village by mountains has become a popular tourist spot. ●A.surrounding 高中必修第三册译林版 寒假专版 ·B.surrounded ●C.to surround ●D.surrounds 6.The data from the experiment that the new drug is effective. ·A.suggests ·B.indicates ·C.proposes ●D.advises 7.He met his old friend accident while walking in the park. 。A.by ●B.in 。C.on 。D.with 8.The chair is much heavier than the wooden one. ●A.mental ·B.medal 。C.metal ●D.nodel 9.Einstein's」 of relativity is one of the greatest scientific achievements. ·A.theory ·B.hypothesis ●C.opinion 。D.idea 10.The student solved the difficult math problem in ten minutes. 高中必修第三册译林版 寒假专版 ·A.clever ●B.wise ●C.intelligent ●D.smat 2.二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.The director the orchestra wonderfully at the concert last night. 2.My phone is out of power,and I need to (充电)it immediately:. 3.Could you do me a (帮助)and carry this box to the office? 4.The (原子f的)structure of the material was studied by the scientists. 5.Her performance in the competition was (突出的)，so she won first prize. 6.The old bread was covered with (霉菌and had to be thrown away. 7.My father bought an (电动的)car to save energy. 8.The article is (加图于)with colorful pictures to attract readers. 3.三、首字母填空 1.The scientist plans to c an experiment to test his new theory 2.The hotel c 300 yuan per night for a double room during the holiday. 3.The small town is s by a river,making it a beautiful place to live. 4.The red light i that the machine is not working properly. 5.He broke the vase by a_ not on purpose. 6.The artist used a m to make the shape of the sculpture. 7.E appliances need to be checked regularly to ensure safety. 8.The teacher used examples to i the grammar rules clearly. 4.四、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The company (conduct)a training program for new employees next week. 2.My brother is good at (mould)clay into different shapes. 3.The results of the survey (indicate)that most people support the new policy. 4.She is one of the (standout)students in our class because of her hard work 高中必修第三册译林版 寒假专版 5.The (electricity)engineer is repairing the broken wires. 6.The (intelligence)girl can speak three foreign languages fluently. 7.The book is (illustrate)with many beautiful photos and diagrams. 8.The police are looking into the car (accident)that happened yesterday. 5.参考答案 ·一、单项选择 1.A2.C3.A4.B5B6B7.A8.C9.A10.C ·二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.conducted 2.charge 3.favour 4.atomic 5.standout 6.mould 7.electric 8.illustrated ·三、首字母填空 1.conduct 2.charges 3.surrounded 4.indicates 5.accident 6.mould 7.Electrical 8.illustrate ·四、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.will conduct 2.moulding 3.indicate 4.standout 5.electrical 6.intelligent 7.illustrated 8.accident