Unit 4 Natural disasters三-2025-2026学年高中英语易错词汇精讲必修第一册（人教版）

高中人教 寒假专版 B版易错词汇精讲 【寒假专版】 高中·人教·必修一Unit4 Natural disasters 单元词汇总览 early warning预警 supply/s'pla/n.供应（量）：补on hand现有（尤指帮助） capacity /ka'paesit/n.能力：容给；pl.]补给品：t.供应；供给sweep/swip/t.扫：打扫：席卷； 量：容纳能力 access/'kses/n.通道；（使用、横扫：掠过；vi.快速移动；n.打 crash /kraf/vi.&t.碰撞：撞击：查阅、接近或面见的)机会：权扫 n.撞车；碰撞：坠毁 利：t.进入：使用；获取 wave /werv/n.海浪：波浪：波； system/'sIstam/n.系统：体系：制available/e'verlab(o)/ad.可获vi.&vt.挥手；招手 度 得的：可购得的：有空的 strike/strark/vi.&vt.侵袭：突击： rise /raiz/vi.上升：升起；起床；mountainous/maontmas/adj..多击打；n.罢工；罢课；袭击 站起来：n.上升：增加；加薪山的；山一般的 deliver/d'lva/t.递送；传达； come to one''s rescue救援某人flow /flau/vi.流：流动：n.流：流发表 kit /kIt/n.成套工具；成套设备动：流畅 易错词汇精讲 1.rise /raiz/vi.上升：升起；起床：站起来；n.上升；增加；加薪 ·易错点：易与raise/rerz/vt.(提高；筹集；养育)混淆，ise为不及物动词，无被动语态：raise 为及物动词，需接宾语。 ·精讲：rise强调自然上升（如太阳升起、水位上涨），过去式rose,过去分词risen;raise强调 人为提升（如举手、加薪），过去式和过去分词均为raised。. ·例句：(I)The sun rises in the east every morning.(vi.)(2)The company decided to raise salaries for all employees.(vt.) ·真题链接：（人教版高中必修一同步练习）：The river (上升)several meters after the heavy rain last week.(答案：rose) 2.supply/sa'plar/n.供应（量）：补给：[pl补给品；t.供应；供给 ·易错点：作名词表示“供应量”时为不可数名词，表“补给品”时常用复数形式supplies;易 混淆固定搭配supply sth.tosb.与supply sb.with sth.。 ·精讲：supply作动词时，两种搭配同义：supply water to the city=supply the city with water;作 名词时常用短语a supply of(定量的供应)。 .(1)The government is trying to ensure a steady supply of food.(n.)(2)The factory supplies electricity to this area.(vt.) 高中人教 寒假专版 ·真题链接： (人教版高中必修一同步练习)：We need to get enough medical (补给 品)for the disaster area.(答案：supplies). 3.access/aekses/n.通道：（使用、查阅、接近或面见的）机会；权利：t.进入；使用：获取 ·易错点：易忽略名词含义中的“机会权利”，仅理解为“通道”；固定搭配access to sth.中to 为介词，后接名词或动名词，易误接动词原形。 ·精讲：access作名词时不可数，常用搭配have access to(有使用/接近…的权利)：作动词时较 正式，如access the database(访问数据库)。 ·例句：Students should have access to good books. ·真题链接：（人教版高中必修一同步练习）：You can get free (使用权限)to the online library with your student ID.(答案：access) 4.available/'velb(a)/adj.可获得的：可购得的；有空的 ·易错点：易误写为avaliable(漏写第二个l):作“有空的”讲时，主语通常为人，易误用物作 主语。 ·精讲：available常用搭配be available for sth.(可用于某事)；sth.be available to sb.(某物对某 人来说可获得)。 ·例句：(I)Is this product available in our city?(2)The doctor is available tomorrow morning. ·真题链接：（人教版高中必修一同步练习）：We need to find an (有空的)room for the meeting this afternoon.（答案：available) 5.strike/stak/vi.&t.侵袭；突击：击打；n.罢工；罢课：袭击 ·易错点：过去式和过去分词易混淆，原形strike-过去式struck-过去分词struck/stricken(作“受 灾的”讲时用stricken,.如a stricken area):易忽略“突然想到”的含义(sth.strikes sb.)。 ·精讲：表示“自然灾害侵袭”时常用主动语态，如An earthquake struck the region;表示“罢 工”时为可数名词。 ·例句：(I)The clock struck twelve.(vt.击打)(2)A good idea struck me.(t.突然想到)(3)The workers went on strike.(n.罢工) ·真题链接：（人教版高中必修一同步练习）：The terrible flood (侵袭)the village last night,causing great damage.(答案：struck) 6.deliver/d'lva(r)/t.递送：传达；发表 ·易错点：易与cay(搬运)、send(发送)混淆，deliver强调“将某物送到目的地”，尤指正式 递送（如邮件、演讲）；固定搭配deliver a speech(发表演讲)易误写为give a speech(虽正确 但deliver更正式)。 ·精讲：deliver的宾语可以是具体物品(deliver a package)或抽象内容(deliver a message)。 ·例句：The postman delivers letters every morning. 高中人教 寒假专版 ·真题链接：（人教版高中必修一同步练习)：The manager will (发表)an important speech at the meeting tomorrow.(答案：deliver) 7.system/'sIstam/n.系统：体系：制度 ·易错点：易误写为systerm(字母顺序错误)：表示“身体系统”时为可数名词，如the nervous system(神经系统)。 ·精讲：常用搭配a system of(…的体系)，如a system of government(政府体系)。 ·例句：We need to improve our education system. ·真题链接：（人教版高中必修一同步练习）：The heating (系统)in our school needs to be repaired.(答案：system) 8.capacity /k3pest/n.能力：容量；容纳能力 ·易错点：易混淆“能力”与“容量”的含义，作“能力”讲时后接to do sth.或for sth.:作“容 量”讲时常用搭配capacity of(…的容量)。 ·精讲：capacity指“潜在能力”或“容器的容量”，不可数名词，如the capacity to learn(学习 能力)；the capacity of the bottle(瓶子容量)。 ·例句：This hall has a seating capacity of50o ·真题链接：（人教版高中必修一同步练习)：He has a great (能力)to solve difficult problems.(答案：capacity) 9.crash /kra/vi.&t.碰撞；撞击：n.撞车；碰撞；坠毁 ·易错点：易忽略不及物动词用法，如The car crashed into a tree(无需宾语)；作名词时易与 accident(事故)混淆，crash特指“碰撞事故”。 ·精讲：crash可作拟声词，如glass crashing（玻璃破碎声)：常用短语car crash(车祸)。 ·例句：The plane crashed into the mountain. ·真题链接：（人教版高中必修一同步练习）：A terrible car (碰撞事故)happened on the highway yesterday.(答案：crash) 10.flow /fla0/vi.流：流动：n.流：流动：流畅 ·易错点：易与fy(飞)混淆拼写：作动词时主语多为液体或气体，如water flows(水流动)。 ·精讲：flow作名词时常用搭配the flow of(的流动)，如the flow of time(时光流逝)。 ·例句：The river flows through the city ·真题链接：（人教版高中必修一同步练习）：The (流动)of the river became faster after the rain.(答案：flow) l1.wave /werv/n.海浪：波浪；波：vi.&vt.挥手；招手 高中人教 寒假专版 ·易错点：作动词“挥手”时，易漏写介词at,如wave at sb.(向某人挥手)：作名词“波浪”时 为可数名词，易误用复数。 ·精讲：wave的引申义可表示“（情绪等的）浪潮”，如a wave of anger(一阵愤怒)。 ·例句：She waved goodbye to us at the station. ·真题链接：（人教版高中必修一同步练习）：The children were playing in the (海浪) on the beach.(答案：waves). 12.come to one's rescue救援某人 ·易错点：易误写为come to one's help(虽意思相近，但rescue更强调“危急时刻的救援”)：one's 需根据主语替换，如come to his rescue(救援他)。 ·精讲：为固定短语，其中rescue为名词，类似结构还有go to one'said。 ·例句：The soldiers came to the villagers'rescue when the flood hit ·真题链接：（人教版高中必修一同步练习）：When I was in trouble,my best friend (救援了我)immediately.（答案：came to my rescue) 易错词汇综合训练 1.一、单项选择 1.The price of vegetables by 20%in the past month because of the bad weather. 。A.rose 。B.raised ●C.rises ●D.raises 2.Students in this school have free to the computer lab during lunch break. ●A.access ·B.way 。C.entrance 。D.path 3.The doctor is not today because she has an emergency operation to perform. 高中人教 寒假专版 ·A.available ●B.avaliable 。C.fiee ●D.convenient 4.A sudden earthquake the small town last night,leaving many people homeless. 。A.stroke ●B.struck 。C.stricken ·D.strikes 5.You need to the package to the customer before 5 p.m.today. 。A.cay 。B.send ·C.deliver ●D.transport 2.二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.The local government is trying to increase the (供应)of fresh water to rural areas. 2.This hall has a (of 1,000 people,so it can hold the whole school. 3.After the heavy rain,the river (上涨)so much that some roads were flooded. 4.Many medical (补给品)were sent to the earthquake--stricken area immediately. 5.The new library system allows students to (获取)digital books from home.. 3.三、首字母填空 1.The river f through the city center and provides water for millions of people. 2.You can a the online course with your student ID and password. 3.The company decided to r the salaries of all employees next month. 4.A car c into a tree on the highway yesterday,but no one was hurt. 高中人教 寒假专版 5.The little girl w at her mother happily when she saw her at the school gate. 4.四、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The old man has the (able)to speak three foreign languages fluently 2.We should make full use of the (avail)resources to solve the problem. 3.The system (crash)suddenly when I was working on the report yesterday. 4.The sun (rise)in the east and sets in the west every day. 5.The teacher often tells us that practice (make)perfect. 5.参考答案 ·一、单项选择 1.A2.A3.A4B5.C ·二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.supply 2.capacity 3.rose 4.supplies 5.access ·三、首字母填空 1.flows 2.access 3raise 4.crashed 5.waved ·四、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.capacity 2.available 3.crashed 4.rises 5.makes